Kloster Kamp : seine Entwicklung bis zum Anfang des XIV. Jahrhunderts.

Thesis (doctoral)--Universitat Marburg.

RESILIENCIA Y CAPACIDAD DE ADAPTACIÓN DE LOS PRODUCTORES AGROPECUARIOS DE LA PROVINCIA DE CÓRDOBA FRENTE AL CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO Y VARIABILIDAD CLIMÁTICA

El aumento de la incertidumbre en el sistema agropecuario frente a los efectos del cambio climático y de la variabilidad climática, se asocia a la vez con una falta de conocimiento del problema por parte de los distintos actores del mismo y de una capacidad de adaptación insuficiente para superar los efectos negativos y para aprovechar mejor las situaciones ventajosas de esos cambios y variabilidad. Estas carencias, frente por ejemplo al aumento del riesgo de las sequías y de la escasez de agua, como uno de los efectos más sensibles de esa dinámica de cambios, sugiere la evidencia de que el sistema no incorpora a pleno las ventajas tecnológicas y los servicios climáticos, ni tampoco contempla el desarrollo de programas para construir resilencia frente a las adversidades y sobre la mitigación de impactos. Este proyecto propone la generación de capacidades, a partir de la conformación de una red interinstitucional, para anticipar y hacer frente a los cambios ambientales y sociales (en el clima y su variabilidad,) aportando a la adaptación de los productores agropecuarios de la provincia de Córdoba, desde la disminución de la vulnerabilidad y el aumento de la capacidad de resiliencia del sistema socio-ecológico del cual ellos dependen.

Sonolência diurna e habilidades sociais em estudantes de medicina

A prática médica depende de um repertório de competências sociais que permitem ao médico desenvolver empatia, habilidades de comunicação, pensamento crítico, capacidade de liderança e tomada de decisões. Nosso objetivo foi analisar as habilidades sociais e a presença de sonolência diurna entre estudantes de Medicina nos quatro primeiros anos do curso. Os estudantes (n = 180) responderam ao Inventário de Habilidades Sociais de Del Prette & Del Prette e à Escala de Sonolência Diurna. Observou-se que não houve diferença dos escores de habilidades sociais nos diferentes anos do curso e que 47,3% dos estudantes apresentaram escores baixos, necessitando de aprimoramento. Estudantes do sexo feminino apresentaram maior autocontrole da agressividade. Entre os estudantes, 50% apresentaram sonolência diurna, cuja presença se associou a menores escores de habilidades sociais, principalmente do fator relativo à autoexposição a desconhecidos ou a situações novas.

Evaluation of resistance in a selected field strain of Haemonchus contortus to ivermectin and moxidectin using the Larval Migration on Agar Test

Haemonchus contortus is one of the most common and economically significant causes of disease in small ruminants worldwide, and the control programs of parasitic nematodes - including H. contortus - rely mostly on the use of anthelmintic drugs. The consequence of the use of this, as the sole sanitary strategy to avoid parasite infections, was the reduction of the efficacy of all chemotherapeutic products with a heavy selection for resistance. The widespread of anthelmintic resistance and the difficulty of its early diagnosis has been a major concern for the sustainable parasite management on farms. The objective of this research was to determine and compare the ivermectin (IVM) and moxidectin (MOX) effect in a selected field strain of H. contortus with a known resistance status, using the in vitro larval migration on agar test (LMAT). Third stage larvae of the selected isolate were obtained from faecal cultures of experimentally infected sheep and incubated in eleven increasing diluted concentrations of IVM and MOX (6, 12, 24, 48, 96, 192, 384, 768, 1536, 3072 and 6144µg/mL). The dose-response sigmoidal curves were obtained using the R² value of >0.90 and the lethal concentration (LC50) dose for the tested anthelmintic drugs using a four-parameter logistic model. The LC50 value for MOX was significantly lower than IVM (1.253µg/mL and 91.06µg/mL), identifying the H. contortus isolate as considerably less susceptible to IVM compared to MOX. Furthermore, the LMAT showed a high consistency (p<0.0001) and provided to be a useful diagnostic tool for monitoring the resistance status of IVM and MOX in H. contortus field isolate, as well as it may be used for official routine drug monitoring programs under the Ministry of Agriculture (MAPA) guidance.

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The status and challenge of global fire modelling

Biomass burning impacts vegetation dynamics, biogeochemical cycling, atmospheric chemistry, and climate, with sometimes deleterious socio-economic impacts. Under future climate projections it is often expected that the risk of wildfires will increase. Our ability to predict the magnitude and geographic pattern of future fire impacts rests on our ability to model fire regimes, either using well-founded empirical relationships or process-based models with good predictive skill. A large variety of models exist today and it is still unclear which type of model or degree of complexity is required to model fire adequately at regional to global scales. This is the central question underpinning the creation of the Fire Model Intercomparison Project - FireMIP, an international project to compare and evaluate existing global fire models against benchmark data sets for present-day and historical conditions. In this paper we summarise the current state-of-the-art in fire regime modelling and model evaluation, and outline what essons may be learned from FireMIP.

Biomass burning fuel consumption rates: a field measurement database

Landscape fires show large variability in the amount of biomass or fuel consumed per unit area burned. Fuel consumption (FC) depends on the biomass available to burn and the fraction of the biomass that is actually combusted, and can be combined with estimates of area burned to assess emissions. While burned area can be detected from space and estimates are becoming more reliable due to improved algorithms and sensors, FC is usually modeled or taken selectively from the literature. We compiled the peerreviewed literature on FC for various biomes and fuel categories to understand FC and its variability better, and to provide a database that can be used to constrain biogeochemical models with fire modules. We compiled in total 77 studies covering 11 biomes including savanna (15 studies, average FC of 4.6 t DM (dry matter) ha 1 with a standard deviation of 2.2), tropical forest (n = 19, FC = 126 +/- 77), temperate forest (n = 12, FC = 58 +/- 72), boreal forest (n = 16, FC = 35 +/- 24), pasture (n = 4, FC = 28 +/- 9.3), shifting cultivation (n = 2, FC = 23, with a range of 4.0-43), crop residue (n = 4, FC = 6.5 +/- 9.0), chaparral (n = 3, FC = 27 +/- 19), tropical peatland (n = 4, FC = 314 +/- 196), boreal peatland (n = 2, FC = 42 [42-43]), and tundra (n = 1, FC = 40). Within biomes the regional variability in the number of measurements was sometimes large, with e. g. only three measurement locations in boreal Russia and 35 sites in North America. Substantial regional differences in FC were found within the defined biomes: for example, FC of temperate pine forests in the USA was 37% lower than Australian forests dominated by eucalypt trees. Besides showing the differences between biomes, FC estimates were also grouped into different fuel classes. Our results highlight the large variability in FC, not only between biomes but also within biomes and fuel classes. This implies that substantial uncertainties are associated with using biome-averaged values to represent FC for whole biomes. Comparing the compiled FC values with co-located Global Fire Emissions Database version 3 (GFED3) FC indicates that modeling studies that aim to represent variability in FC also within biomes, still require improvements as they have difficulty in representing the dynamics governing FC.