Imaginarios sociales de adolescentes y docentes en torno al cuerpo, la corporalidad y la actividad física. Estudio cualitativo en un colegio de Bogotá, 2014-2015.

Problema. Esta investigación se aproxima al entorno escolar con el propósito de avanzar en la comprensión de los imaginarios de los adolescentes y docentes en torno al cuerpo, la corporalidad y la AF, como un elemento relevante en el diseño de programas y planes efectivos para fomento de la práctica de AF. Objetivo. Analizar los imaginarios sociales de docentes y adolescentes en torno a los conceptos de cuerpo, corporalidad y AF. Métodos. Investigación de corte cualitativo, descriptivo e interpretativo. Se realizaron entrevistas semi-estructuradas a docentes y a estudiantes entre los 12 y 18 años de un colegio público de Bogotá. Se realizó análisis de contenido. Se compararon los resultados de estudiantes por grupos de edades y género. Resultados. Docentes y estudiantes definen el cuerpo a partir de las características biológicas, las diferencias sexuales y las funciones vitales. La definición de corporalidad en los estudiantes se encuentra ligada con la imagen y la apariencia física; los docentes la entienden como la posibilidad de interactuar con el entorno y como la materialización de la existencia. La AF en los estudiantes se asocia con la práctica de ejercicio y deporte, en los docentes se comprende como una práctica de autocuidado que permite el mantenimiento de la salud. Conclusiones. Para promover la AF tempranamente como una experiencia vital es necesario intervenir los espacios escolares. Hay que vincular al cuerpo a los procesos formativos con el propósito de desarrollar la autonomía corporal, este aspecto implica cambios en los currículos.

Blended learning in medical imaging pre-clinical skills training – does it work?

Undergraduate Medical Imaging (MI)students at QUT attend their first clinical placement towards the end of semester two. Students undertake two (pre)clinical skills development units – one theory and one practical. Students gain good contextual and theoretical knowledge during these units via a blended learning model with multiple learning methods employed. Students attend theory lectures, practical sessions, tutorial sessions in both a simulated and virtual environment and also attend pre-clinical scenario based tutorial sessions. The aim of this project is to evaluate the use of blended learning in the context of 1st year Medical Imaging Radiographic Technique and its effectiveness in preparing students for their first clinical experience. It is hoped that the multiple teaching methods employed within the pre-clinical training unit at QUT builds students clinical skills prior to the real situation. A quantitative approach will be taken, evaluating via pre and post clinical placement surveys. This data will be correlated with data gained in the previous year on the effectiveness of this training approach prior to clinical placement. In 2014 59 students were surveyed prior to their clinical placement demonstrated positive benefits of using a variety of learning tools to enhance their learning. 98.31%(n=58)of students agreed or strongly agreed that the theory lectures were a useful tool to enhance their learning. This was followed closely by 97% (n=57) of the students realising the value of performing role-play simulation prior to clinical placement. Tutorial engagement was considered useful for 93.22% (n=55) whilst 88.14% (n=52) reasoned that the x-raying of phantoms in the simulated radiographic laboratory was beneficial. Self-directed learning yielded 86.44% (n=51). The virtual reality simulation software was valuable for 72.41% (n=42) of the students. Of the 4 students that disagreed or strongly disagreed with the usefulness of any tool they strongly agreed to the usefulness of a minimum of one other learning tool. The impact of the blended learning model to meet diverse student needs continues to be positive with students engaging in most offerings. Students largely prefer pre -clinical scenario based practical and tutorial sessions where 'real-world’ situations are discussed.

Optical and magnetic properties of the exact PPP states of biphenyl

The low-lying singlets and triplets of biphenyl are obtained exactly within the PPP model using the diagrammatic valence bond method. The energy gaps within the singlet manifold as well as the lowest singlet-triplet gap are found to be in good agreement with experimental results. The two weak absorptions between 4·1 and 4·2 eV reported experimentally are attributed to the two states lying below the optical gap that become weakly allowed on breaking electron-hole and inversion symmetries. The observed blue shift of the spectral lines, attributed to a change in dihedral angle, on going from crystalline to solution to vapour phase is also well reproduced within the PPP model. The bond orders show that the ground singlet state is benzenoidal while the dipole excited state as well as the lowest triplet state are quinonoidal and planar. Comparison with the experimental spin densities and the fine structure constants D and E in the triplet state point to slightly weaker correlations than assumed by the PPP model. The introduction of a 1-8 bond to mimic poly(paraphenylene)s gives an optical gap that is in good agreement with experiment.

Cross-species chromosome painting in the Perissodactyla: delimitation of homologous regions in Burchell's zebra (Equus burchellii) and the white (Ceratotherium simum) and black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis)

Conserved chromosomal segments in the black rhinoceros, Diceros bicornis (DB1, 2n = 84), and its African sister-species the white rhinoceros, Ceratotherim simum (CSI, 2n = 82), were detected using Burchell's zebra (Equus burchellii, EBU, 2n = 44) chromosome-specific painting probes supplemented by a subset of those developed for the horse (Equus caballus, ECA, 2n = 64). In total 41 and 42 conserved autosomal segments were identified in C simum and D. bicornis respectively. Only 21 rearrangements (20 fissions and I fusion) are necessary to convert the Burchell's zebra karyotype into that of the white rhinoceros. One fission distinguishes the D. bicornis and C simum karyotypes which, excluding hetero- chromatic differences, are identical in all respects at this level of resolution. Most Burchell's zebra chromosomes correspond to two rhinoceros chromosomes although in four instances (EBU 18, 19, 20 and 21) whole chromosome synteny has been retained among these species. In contrast, one rhinoceros chromosome (DBI1, CSI1) comprises two separate Burchell's zebra chromosomes (EBU11 and EBU17). In spite of the high diploid numbers of the two rhinoceros species their karyotypes are surprisingly conserved offering a glimpse of the putative ancestral perissodactyl condition and a broader understanding of genome organization in mammals. Copyright (C) 2003 S. Karger AG, Base

四川蜡瓣花、密花樫木、四川溲疏及云南豆腐柴的化学成分研究

本论文对四川蜡瓣花 (Corylopsis willmottiae Rehd. et Wils.)、密花樫木[Dysoxylum densiflorum (Blume) Miq.]、四川溲疏 (Deutzia setchuenensis Franch)及云南豆腐柴 (Premna yunnanensis W. W. Smith)的化学成分进行了研究。通过色谱分离得到44个化合物。主要基于波谱数据鉴定了它们的结构，其中1个为新化合物。 1．从四川蜡瓣花全株的95%乙醇提取物中共分离鉴定了13个化合物，它们是：1-O-(3-O-甲基没食子酸)-岩白菜素(1)、11-O-没食子酰基岩白菜素(2)、 11-O-紫丁香基岩白菜素(3) 、岩白菜素(4)、4-O-没食子酰基岩白菜素(5) 、4,11-O-二没食子酰基岩白菜素 (6)[14]、β-谷甾醇 (7)、acetyl aleuritolic acid (8)、(-)-表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(9)、对羟基苯甲酮 (10)、 11-香豆酸酰岩白菜素 (11)[19]、丁香酸 (12)和没食子酸 (13)。其中1为新化合物。 2．从密花樫木根的95%乙醇提取物中共分离纯化了13个化合物，它们是：β-白檀酮(14)、richenone (15)、β-谷甾醇 (7)、cabraleadiol (16)、β-香树脂醇 (17)、龙脑香醇酮 (18)、cabraleadiol monoacetate (19)、cabraleone (20)、3β-hydroxy-5 -pregnen-20-one (21)、3β-hydroxy-5α-pregnan-20-one (22)、cabraleahydroxylactone (23)、川楝子甾醇B (24)、表儿茶素 (25)。 3．从四川溲疏全株95%乙醇提取物中共分离11个化合物，鉴定了其中的9个化合物。它们是：β-谷甾醇 (7)、白桦酯醇(26)、齐墩果酸(27)、hydrangetin (28)、肉桂酸 (29)，齐墩果酸-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖醛酸苷(30)、β-胡萝卜苷 (31)、齐墩果酸-3-O-（β-D-吡喃葡萄糖醛酸-6-正丁酯）(32)、齐墩果酸-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖醛酸-28-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷 (33)。 4．从云南豆腐柴95%乙醇提取物中分离得到12个化合物，分别为白桦脂醇 (25)、7-羟基黄烷酮 (34)、松属素 (35)、2’,4’-羟基查儿酮 (36)、高良姜素-3-甲醚 (37) 、高良姜素-3,7-二甲醚 (38)、异甘草素-4-甲醚 (39)、豆蔻明 (40)、乔松酮 (41)、异甘草素 (42)、arjunolic acid (43)、槲皮素3-O-β-D-木糖苷(44)。 5．综述了1976年以来樫木属植物化学成分和活性研究的概况。 Phytochemical investigation on Corylopsis willmottiae, Dysoxylum densiflorum, Deutzia setchuenensis, and Premna yunnanensis, led to the isolation of 44 compounds, 1 of which was new one. 1. One new compound was isolated from 95% ehanolic extrat of the whole plants of C. willmottiae, identified as 11-O-(3-O-methylgalloyl)-bergenin (1). The twelve known compounds isolated were 11-O-galloylbergenin (2), 11-O-syringylbergenin (3), bergenin (4), 4-O-galloylbergenin (5), 4,11-di-O-galloylbergenin (6), β-sitosterol (7), acetyl aleuritolic acid (8), (-)-epigallocatechin 3-O-gallate (9), 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl) ethanone (10), 11-O-coumaroylbergenin (11), syringic acid (12), gallic acid (13). 2. Thirteen compounds were isolated from 95% ethanol extract from the roots of D. densiflorum and identified as β-amyrenone (14), richenone (15), β-sitosterol (7), cabraleadiol (16), β-amyrin (17), hydroxydammarenone-Ⅱ (18), cabraleadiol monoacetate (19), cabraleone (20), 3β-hydroxy-5-pregnen-20-one (21), 3β-hydroxy-5α-pregnan-20-one (22), cabraleahydroxylactone (23), toosendansterol B (24) and (-)-epicatechin (25). 3. Eleven compounds were isolated from ethanol extract of D. Setchuenensis. Nine were identified as β-sitosterol (7), betulin (26), oleanolic acid (27), hydrangetin (28), cinnamic acid (29), oleanolic acid 3-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside (30), β-daucosterol (31), oleanolic acid 3-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside-6-O-butyl ester）(32), oleanolic acid 3-O-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl-28-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (33). 4. Twelve compounds were isolated from ethanol extract of P. yunnanensis and identified as betulin (26), 7-hydroxyflavanone (34), pinocembrin (35), 2’,4’-dihydroxychalcone (36), galangin 3-methyl ether (37), galangin 3,7-dimethyl ether (38), isoliquiritigenin 4-methyl ether (39), cardamonin (40), pinostrobin (41), isoliquiritigenin (42), arjunolic acid (43), quercetin 3-O-β-D-lyxosopyranoside (44). 5. Chemical constituents and biological activities of the genus Dysoxylum (Meliaceae) were reviewed during 1976-2009.

若尔盖湿地3种两栖类的种间竞争及畜牧业对其食性的影响

从空间、时间、食物3个方面研究了若尔盖湿地3种两栖类的种间竞争，运用生态位理论探讨了3种两栖类利用环境资源的能力以及它们之间的共存模式，研究了3种两栖类年周期食性，并考察了畜牧业对3种两栖类食性及食物竞争格局的影响；此外，还通过实验室研究对2种两栖类幼体的种间竞争策略进行了考察。主要结果如下： 1、两栖类的空间资源利用状况：在3种两栖类成体生态位宽度的比较中，岷山蟾蜍（Bufo minshanicus）成体在牧场性质(0.41)、牛粪数量(0.42)、植被盖度(0.20)、地表温度(0.50)、地表湿度(0.51) 5个维度上的生态位宽度最窄；而倭蛙（Nanorana pleskei）成体在牛粪数量(0.81)、植被高度(0.63)、植被盖度(0.47)、小水体距离(0.68) 4个维度上的生态位宽度最宽。在3种两栖类亚成体生态位宽度的比较中，岷山蟾蜍亚成体在牧场性质(0.66)、牛粪数量(0.58)、植被高度(0.64)、小水体距离(0.51)、地表湿度(0.79) 5个维度的上生态位宽度最宽；倭蛙亚成体在牧场性质(0.39)、牛粪数量(0.30)、地表温度(0.18)、地表湿度(0.33) 4个维度上的生态位宽度最窄。高原林蛙（Rana kukunoris）在地表温度（成体：0.62；亚成体：0.56）、地表湿度（成体：0.84；亚成体：0.60）两个维度上具有较大的生态位宽度值，而在小水体距离维度上（成体：0.27；亚成体：0.14）的生态位宽度值则很小。比较3种无尾两栖类在不同生长阶段（成体、亚成体）的生态位宽度，发现高原林蛙和倭蛙的亚成体对栖息环境的要求更高。3种两栖类空间资源利用的相似程度很高，高原林蛙与倭蛙之间的生态重叠度(0.87)较之它与岷山蟾蜍(0.81)的生态位重叠度更大。 2、两栖类的日活动节律：高原林蛙成体、亚成体、岷山蟾蜍亚成体活动的最低气温为0℃、2℃、8℃；岷山蟾蜍和高原林蛙亚成体出现的数量与气温成极显著的正相关（r=0.797, p<0.001；r=0.794, p<0.001），高原林蛙成体出现的数量与气温有一定相关性（r=0.456, p<0.05）；晴天时两栖类的活动性明显高于阴天（p<0.001）；多云转晴天气，高原林蛙和岷山蟾蜍亚成体出现两次日活动高峰，分别为中午12:30左右和下午15:30～16:30之间；多云天气，高原林蛙和岷山蟾蜍亚成体出现两次日活动高峰，分别为9:30～10:30之间和15:30～16:30之间。 3、两栖类的食物资源利用状况：春、秋两季，高原林蛙最主要的食物是蜉金龟科(Aphodiidae)昆虫，相对重要性指数(IRI)最高（春季：35.28%，秋季：28.57%），其次为昆虫的幼虫，以及双翅目的毛蚊科(Bibionidae)、蝇科(Muscidae)、丽蝇科(Calliphoridae)昆虫，秋季，蝗虫是高原林蛙食物组成中的重要部分；岷山蟾蜍最主要的食物是蚂蚁(IRI，春季：85.54%，秋季：49.70%)，其次为蜉金龟科、象甲科(Curculionidae)、步甲科(Carabidae)、粪金龟科(Geotrupidae) 等鞘翅目昆虫；倭蛙春季的最主要食物也是蜉金龟科昆虫(IRI，春季：13.41%)，其次为蚂蚁、毛蚊科昆虫、昆虫的幼虫以及狼蛛科(Lycosidae)。3种两栖类中，倭蛙的食性生态位宽度相对较宽（0.43），而岷山蟾蜍（0.09）和高原林蛙（0.22）的生态位宽度较窄，与春季相比，两栖类在秋季的食谱更宽。以利用食物种类为标准，春季高原林蛙与倭蛙的生态位重叠度(0.40)比它与岷山蟾蜍的生态位重叠度（0.33）更大。 4、畜牧业对两栖类食性及食物竞争格局的影响：以藏牦牛粪为食物或寄居场所的昆虫，如蜉金龟科、粪金龟科、毛蚊科、蝇科、丽蝇科昆虫和某些昆虫幼虫，是3种两栖类食物谱中最主要的组成部分，蜉金龟科昆虫在高原林蛙食谱中的比例更高，高原林蛙可能从畜牧业发展中获得更多的好处，使之在食物竞争方面处于优势地位。与无放牧样地相比，在有放牧样地的中，两栖类食谱中的蜉金龟科昆虫数量更多(有放牧：31.94%；无放牧：21.32%)、出现频率更高(有放牧：76.38%；无放牧：44%)。然而在不同样地上（有放牧/无放牧），两栖类的食物组成无显著性差异(P=0.188)，两栖类的数量(P=0.075)、肥满度(P=0.537)均没有显著差别。 5、两栖类幼体的竞争策略：实验室条件下，通过活动性水平，变态时的体重、增长率和完成变态所需时间考察自然条件下常同水塘分布的中华蟾蜍（Bufo gargarizans）和高原林蛙蝌蚪的竞争策略。结果表明：中华蟾蜍蝌蚪在不同食物资源条件下，所选择的生存策略可能不同，即食物资源充足时，增加活动性获取更多食物，食物资源有限时，降低活动性且提前完成变态；与中华蟾蜍蝌蚪相比，在食物资源有限时高原林蛙蝌蚪获取食物能力可能更强。 This paper presented the study of competition of three amphibians (Rana kukunoris, Nanorana pleskei, Bufo minshanicus) based on spatial, temporal and dietary scales in Zoige wetland. We measured coexistence patterns of three amphibians and analyzed their ability of exploiting resource. Effects of grazing on the diet composition and diet competition of amphibians were analyzed by their diet composition during spring and autumn. Furthermore, we examined the competitive ability of larval common frogs (Rana kukunoris)and common toads(Bufo gargarizans) in a laboratory experiment, and analyzed their competitive strategies respectively. The results were as follows: 1 .The status of using spatial resource Niche breadths of B. minshanicus adults on 5 dimensional axes including character of pasture(0.41), number of yaks dung(0.42), vegetation coverage(0.20), temperature (0.50)and humidity(0.51) of ground surface were narrower than adults of R. kukunoris and N. pleskei. Niche breadths of B. minshanicus subadults were broader than R.kukunoris subadults and N.pleskei subadults on 5 dimensional axes including character of pasture (0.66), number of yaks dung (0.58), vegetation height (0.64), distance to small waterbodies (0.51), humidity of ground surface (0.79). Niche breadths of N. pleskei subadults were the narrowest in three anurans subadults on 4 dimensional axes including character of pasture (0.39), number of yaks dung (0.30), temperature (0.18) and humidity (0.33) of ground surface, niche breadths of N. pleskei adults were the broadest in three anurans adults on 4 dimensional axes including number of yaks dung (0.81), vegetation height (0.63) and coverage(0.47), distance to small waterbodies(0.68).Comparatively, niche breadths of R. kukunoris were broader on the two microclimate factors including temperature(adults：0.62；subadults：0.56) and humidity (adults：0.84；subadults：0.60)of ground surface, but was narrow on distance to small waterbodies(adults：0.27；subadults：0.14). Strategies for using habitat resource of adults and subadults of the three species anuran were different. Generally, subadults of R. kukunoris and N. pleskei needs better habitat condition. It was quite similar that three anurans exploited spatial resource, Niche overlap between R. kukunoris and N. pleskei (0.87) was greater than that between R. kukunoris and B.minshanicus(0.81). 2.Daily activity rhythm R. kukunoris audlts were active when air temperatures were as low as 0℃, R. kukunoris subadults were active at 2℃, B.minshanicus subaudlts were active at 8℃. Positive correlation was found between activities of amphibians and air temperature, Subadults of R.kukunoris, (r=0.797, p<0.001), Subadults,of,B.minshanicus, (r=0.794, p<0.001), andbadults,of,R.kukunoris(r=0.456, p<0.05).Amphibians were more active during sunny days than cloudy days. In cloudy turning into sunny, R. kukunoris and B.minshanicus subadults had two active peak: at noon about 12:30 and 15:30～16:30 pm; in cloudy, R. kukunoris and B.minshanicus subadult had two active peak too : 9:30～10:30am,15:30～16:30pm. 3.Diet analysis Aphodiidae was the most commonly consumed food item by R. kukunoris based on index of relative importance (IRI) during spring (35.28%) and autumn (28.57%) in Zogie wetland. Besides Aphodiidae, larval insect, dipterans such as Bibionidae, Muscidae, Calliphoridae also were important food item for R. kukunoris, in autumn, locust was one of important food item for R. kukunoris. The most important food item for B.minshanicus during spring (IRI:85.54%) and autumn (IRI:49.70%) was ants, following, was coleopterans, such as Aphodiidae, dung beetle. Aphodiidae (IRI:13.41%) were the most important consumed food item by N. pleskei during spring too, following, was ants and Bibionidae. Dietary breadth of N. pleskei (0.43) were greater than R. kukunoris (0.22) and B. minshanicus (0.09). As a whole, Dietary breadth of amphibians during aurumn were greater than spring. Based on prey item, dietary overlap between R. kukunoris and N. pleskei (0.40) was greater than that between R. kukunoris and B.minshanicus (0.33) during spring. 4.Effects of grazing on the diet composition and diet competition of amphibians Amphibians are an important part of the pasture ecosystems as prey and predator. In Zogie wetland, major diet of amphibians was closely associated with dung of yaks, for example, Aphodiidae, Bibionidae, Muscidae, dung beetle. Dung of yaks was major diet and habitat of these insects. Proportion of Aphodiidae was higher in diet composition of R. kukunoris than N. pleskei and B.minshanicus, with development of pasturage, R. kukunoris may have a diet competitive advantage over N. pleskei and B.minshanicus. Number of Aphodiidae in diet composition of amphibians was higher in samples with grazing (31.94%) than in those without grazing (21.32%). Occurrence Frequency of Aphodiidae in diet composition of amphibians was higher in samples with grazing (76.38%) than in those without grazing (44%). However, There was not significantly different on diet composition (P=0.188), and number (P=0.075) and the relative fatness (P=0.537) of amphibians between grazing samples and without grazing. 5.Competitive strategies of amphibian larvae I examined the competitive ability of larval toads (Bufo gargarizans) and frogs (Rana kukunoris) which co-occur in the nature pond by activity level, the growth rate and mass at metamorphosis and larval period in a laboratory experiment. The results suggest: In laborary, B.gargarizans adapted himself to different food level by changing activity. At high food level, B. gargarizans increased activity to gain more diet. At low food level, B. gargarizans decreased activity and achieved early metamorphosis. When food resource was limit, R. kukunoris could gain more food than B. gargarizans.

长白山地表藓类分布格局与环境因子的关系(英文)

对长白山自然保护区 41个样地中的 42种主要地表藓类分布与 6种重要环境因子间的关系进行了定量研究。应用双向指示种分析法 (TWINSPAN)发现调查的 41个样地可分成 4个样地组 ,42种地面藓类可分成 4种藓类群。应用除趋势典范对应分析 (DCCA)的研究结果表明 ,海拨高度、土壤含砂量、土壤酸度、林冠层郁闭度、土壤含水量是 5个影响 42种地表藓类分布格局的主要环境因子 ,在DCCA排序图上 ,显示出藓类群与样地类型良好的对应性 ,藓类群 1～ 4分别在落叶松 (Larixolgensis)沼泽地、高山苔原、暗针叶林、亚高山岳桦 (Betulaermanni)林和岳桦 落叶松林中占优势。

长白山各植被带主要树种凋落物分解速率及模型模拟的试验研究

2001～2003年在长白山自然保护区内3个垂直植被带的典型群落红松阔叶林、云冷杉林和岳桦林内,利用网袋埋藏法对群落内的6个主要优势乔木树种凋落物进行埋藏分解试验,研究凋落物分解速率及其变化动态;同时利用分解模型,模拟预测凋落物的分解进展,为深入研究这6个树种的营养策略、群落养分循环等奠定基础,也为森林生态系统管理提供理论依据。研究结果表明,所研究的6个树种凋落物都表现出随时间进程失重率增大的现象,但失重率并不与时间呈线性相关。在分解的638d(1.75a)后,6种叶凋落物的分解速率明显升高。到分解实验结止时(699d),叶凋落物干重剩余率从小至大依次为白桦(24.56%)、紫椴(24.81%)、红松(38.48%)、鱼鳞云杉(41.15%)、岳桦(41.53%)和臭冷杉(42.62%)。枝凋落物分解速率明显低于叶,枝干重剩余率从小至大依次为紫椴(44.98%)、臭冷杉(64.62%)、红松(72.07%)、鱼鳞云杉(73.51%)、白桦(77.37%)和岳桦(80.35%)。在同一海拔高度,阔叶树种叶凋落物分解速率大于针叶树种。并且随着海拔的升高,叶凋落物分解速率逐渐减慢。模型分析预测结果表明,长白山北坡各垂直植被带的优势树种叶凋落物分解95%需4.5～8.0a;年分解系数为紫椴(0.686)>白桦(0.624)>红松(0.441)>鱼鳞云杉(0.406)>臭冷杉(0.397)>岳桦(0.385);枝凋落物分解95%需7.8～29.3a,不同树种间的差异明显。枝年分解系数为紫椴(0.391)>臭冷杉(0.204)>红松(0.176)>鱼鳞云杉(0.157)>白桦(0.148)>岳桦(0.102)。

Vertical transferring process of rare elements in coral reef lagoons of Nansha Islands, South China Sea

The vertical fluxes and vertical transferring forms of 18 rare elements were studied for the first time in the coral reef ecosystem of Nansha Islands, South China Sea, by deploying sediment traps, The results showed that the vertical transferring flux of most of the measured rare elements in Yongshu lagoon were higher than that in Zhubi lagoon. The vertical transferring forms of rare elements were mainly in the carbonate form, but Ta, As, Th mainly in the ion-exchange form, Ag in iron-manganese oxide form and Sb in the organic matter + sulphide form. None of the 18 rare elements was transferred mainly in the form of detritus silicate to sea floor. This proved that rare elements originating from the earth's crust were redistributed in sinking particulates after they were brought into ocean. The relation between the fluxes and surface seawater temperature (STT) was also studied. The sensitivity of rare elements to SST was in order: Rb>V>As>Ti>U>Zn>Sb>Hf>Ag>Cs.

离散变量优化的多峰并行搜索遗传算法

遗传算法是优化设计问题有效方法,但是对于多变量、多约束、多峰搜索空间的优化设计问题,搜索常出现收敛慢或早熟现象,这样,常常导致遗传搜索最终只能找到一个较好的解,而非全局最优解,为寻找全局最优解,这里在多峰附近采取并行的一种优化搜索策略,利用拟满应力设计搜索快、精度高的特点,将遗传算法(GA)和拟满应力设计方法相结合,算法采取分级运算模式:一级是运用遗传算法在多峰搜索空间寻找相对最优解;二级主要是细化调整,在当前搜索状态不增加进化代数的前提下,用拟满应力设计得到尽量优的解。算例表明,算法能在较少的计算量下,得到令人满意的结果。

茂兰喀斯特原始森林土壤有机碳的空间变异性与代表性土样采集方法

茂兰原生林中20 m ×30 m研究样地存在着7 类小生境:石面、土面、石土面、石沟、石缝、石坑、石洞。样地内土壤有机碳的含量范围为40. 1～203. 5 g kg- 1 ,样点与小生境间土壤有机碳含量的变异系数分别为43 %和41 %;同类型小生境间为22 %～42 %;小生境内为14 %～57 %;说明样地内土壤有机碳含量具有高度的空间变异性。为了促进岩溶山区土壤退化研究中数据之间的可比,文中建议以土壤面积权重确定的小生境土样组成样地代表性土样的方法。选取样地内面积之和超过样地总土壤面积95 %以上的几类小生境,由面积权重确定组成样地土壤代表样的各类小生境土样样品量,而各类小生境土样则分别由以面积权重确定的同类小生境样品量混合构成。利用该方法计算的研究样地土壤有机碳含量的面积权重值为92. 1 g kg- 1 。

Recueil de poésies du XVIe siècle, contenant.

Contient : 1 « L'Avril » [de REMY BELLEAU] ; 2 « May » (fol. 2) ; 3 « A Madame », cinq quatrains ; 4 « Discours sur une des histoires tragicques du Bandel, contenant les amours infortunées de Didaco et de Violante, et leur mort » (fol. 3) ; 5 « La Mort de Rodemont et sa descente », dédié « à monseigneur de Carnavalet, chevalier de l'ordre du roy et gouverneur de monseigneur le duc d'Anjou » [de PH. DESPORTES] (fol. 17) ; 6 « Imitation de la complainte de Bradamant, au 33e chant, stanc. 18 jusques à 24 » de l' « Orlando furioso » [par le même] (fol. 30) ; 7 « Ellegie premiere de Diane, imitation de l'Arioste au XLVe chant » [de DESPORTES] (fol. 31) ; 8 Trois autres élégies (fol. 33, 35, 39) ; 9 Cinq sonnets (fol. 41 et 42) ; le quatrième « à la royne », le cinquième « à Monsieur » ; 10 « A Madame », dialogue, composé de sept sixains, entre l' « aucteur » et « Amour » (fol. 42) ; 11 Quatre sonnets (fol. 43 et 44) ; 12 Combat de l'amour (fol. 45) : ; 13 Suite de cent dix quatrains et distiques [plusieurs se trouvent dans les oeuvres de MELLIN DE SAINT-GELAIS] adressés alternativement à un homme et à une femme (fol. 48) ; 14 Trente-trois sonnets (fol. 64) ; 15 « De l'Arioste, sur le discours de Roland furieux » [de PH. DESPORTES] (fol. 72) ; 16 Odes, élégies et poésies diverses ; « Sortez, amoureuses delices... » ; « Quand premier vous me fistes veoir... » ; « Quand je vai recuillant dessus tes levres douces... » ; « Noble race des dieux, semence titannine... » ; « Lorsque Beaumont entra dans les enfers... » ; « Le fort cheval et l'aigle genereux... » ; « Comme un guerrier animé de prouesse... » ; « Si ce n'estoit qu'apres cette mortelle... » ; 17 Débat sur la nature de l'amour, entre huit chevaliers de Bretagne et huit autres d'Irlande (fol. 99) ; 18 Énigme (fol. 103) ; 19 « Discours d'un amoureux desesperé et de son compagnon qui le console et d'Amour qui le reprend » (fol. 104) ; 20 « Stances pour jouer sur la lyre, un joueur respondant à l'autre » (fol. 112) ; 21 Suite d'épitaphes, sonnets, rondeaux, quatrains, sixains, etc

Recueil de poésies du XVIe siècle.

Contient : 1 « Epitre d'une jeune dame de Paris à son amy » ; 2 Épître ; 3 « Sonet » ; 4 « Sonet » ; 5 Stances mythologiques « pour la royne, mere du roy... au roy... pour la royne... pour Monsieur » ; 6 « Panopée » ; 7 « Responce » à une chanson ; 8 « Sonet » ; 9 « Sonet » ; 10 « Le Paradis d'amour » ; 11 « Sonet » ; 12 « Epitafes de madame la princesse de Condé », en sonnets ; 13 « Dialogue d'un pourpoint et d'un robon qui jadis furent robes » ; 14 « Sonet chrestien » ; 15 « Autre Sonnet chrestien » ; 16 « A la fiebvre » ; 17 « Sonet » ; 18 « Sonet » ; 19 « Sonet » ; 20 « Sonet » ; 21 « Sonet » ; 22 « Quatrains » ; 23 « Autres Quatrains » ; 24 « Sonet » ; 25 « Responce » ; 26 « Autre Sonet » ; 27 « Autre Responce » ; 28 « Cartel sur la mort d'Amour » ; 29 « Quatrains » ; 30 « Sonet » ; 31 « Du mirouer de M.D.L.B. » ; 32 « Sonnet » ; 33 « Sonnet » ; 34 « Enigme » ; 35 « Sonnet » ; 36 « Sonnet » ; 37 « Sonnet » ; 38 « Sonnet » ; 39 « Stances » ; 40 « Sonnet » ; 41 « Chanson » ; 42 « Chanson » ; 43 « Stances » ; 44 « Chansonnette » ; 45 « Stances » ; 46 « Sonnet » ; 47 « Chanson » ; 48 « Sonnet » ; 49 « Chanson » ; 50 « Sonnet » ; 51 « Sonnet » ; 52 « Stances » ; 53 « Elegie » ; 54 « Sonnet » ; 55 « Sonnet » ; 56 « Sonnet » ; 57 « Sonnet pour monsieur de Ronsard » ; 58 « Sonnet » ; 59 « Sonnet » ; 60 « Sonnet » ; 61 « Sonnet » ; 62 « Discours » ; 63 « Pour feu monsieur de Quellus » ; 64 « Sonnet » ; 65 « Elegie » ; 66 « Petit Dialogue d'une dame de court et d'un pastour » ; 67 « Dialogue » ; 68 « Chanson » ; 69 « Sonnet » ; 70 « Sonnet chrestien » ; 71 Pièce « chrestienne » ; 72 « Dixain » ; 73 « Dixain » ; 74 « Douzain » ; 75 Quatrain « pour mettre aux prieres » ; 76 Pièce de vers ; 77 Huitain ; 78 « Chanson » ; 79 « Chanson » ; 80 « Chanson » ; 81 « Chanson » ; 82 « Pour une mascarade des.XII. dames des.II. roynes habillées en battus, faicte à Blois le XIX febvrier 1581 » ; 83 « Que la diversité plaist à toute essence » ; 84 « Enigme » ; 85 « Autre Enigme » ; 86 « Autre Enigme » ; 87 « Ode de Bayf rithmée à la françoise et mesurée à la grecque et latine » ; 88 Quatrains « au roy... à la royne, mere du roy... à la royne... à Monsieur... à madame la princesse de Lorraine... aux gentilz hommes » ; 89 « Enigma » ; 90 « Elegie à Philippes Desportes, Chartrain... par RONSARD » ; 91 « Epistre à Lyon Jamet,.M.D.XXXVI., par CL. MAROT » ; 92 « Epistre du coq à l'asne, envoyée d'ung quidam à son compere, 1536 » ; 93 « Epistre de l'asne au coq,.M.D.XLIIII » ; 94 « Epistre de Pasquille de Romme aux jeuneux de Paris, 1543 » ; 95 « Chanson siciliane » ; 96 « Sonnet » ; 97 « Sonnet » ; 98 « Sonnet » ; 99 « Sonet » ; 100 « Chanson mise du biscayn en françois » ; 101 « Sonnet »