Ambiente Familiar, processos reguladores e resili��ncia em Jovens Adolescentes

A adolesc��ncia constitui um per��odo do desenvolvimento humano e de forma����o da identidade pessoal, marcado por significativas transforma����es, que decorrem das rela����es que se estabelecem com os contextos circundantes dos jovens. A no����o de resili��ncia adv��m da capacidade humana de confronto, resist��ncia e supera����o das adversidades da vida, a partir do bin��mio existente entre fatores de risco e fatores de prote����o. Nesta fase, a resili��ncia manifesta-se em fun����o do contexto em que o jovem se insere, sendo que as rela����es familiares e as redes sociais s��o primordiais, contribuindo para a autoestima, autorregula����o emocional e desempenho acad��mico. Esta investiga����o pretendeu conhecer o processo de resili��ncia em jovens adolescentes, a forma como �� determinado por fatores sociodemogr��ficos ou acad��micos, e tamb��m por fatores psicol��gicos como a autoestima, a autorregula����o emocional e o ambiente psicossocial da fam��lia. A amostra estudada era constitu��da por 115 jovens da Escola EB2,3 Dr. Jo��o Rocha Pai ��� Vagos (7�� e 9�� ano) e por 81 encarregados de educa����o. Para al��m da recolha de dados sociodemogr��ficos, os jovens foram avaliados sobre a resili��ncia (Escala de Resili��ncia e Escala HKRAM), a autoestima (Escala de Autoestima de Rosenberg) e a autorregula����o emocional (Escala de Dificuldades na Regula����o Emocional); e os Encarregados de Educa����o sobre o ambiente e o contexto familiar (Escala do Ambiente Familiar). Partindo dos resultados obtidos relacion��mos o n��mero de reprova����es do aluno com a autoestima, resili��ncia e a independ��ncia, al��m da influ��ncia de fatores sociodemogr��ficos parentais. Denot��mos que a participa����o do aluno em atividades extracurriculares potencia a exist��ncia de melhores compet��ncias de resili��ncia e autoestima, contribuindo para um melhor ambiente familiar, al��m de reduzir o n��mero de reprova����es e conflitos. A rela����o existente entre autoestima, ambiente familiar e resili��ncia com o n��vel socioecon��mico dos jovens, evidenciou que aqueles que se inserem num n��vel m��dio possuem melhores compet��ncias nos ��mbitos mencionados. Concluiu-se que a autoestima influ��ncia o desempenho acad��mico dos jovens e que o ambiente familiar potencia a autoestima, al��m de dotar o indiv��duo de estrat��gias de regula����o emocional.

O Desenvolvimento Psicossocial de Crian��as e Jovens em Risco Institucionalizadas

A conce����o deste trabalho prende-se com a experi��ncia de alguns meses em contato com crian��as e jovens de ambos os sexos, institucionalizados e que simultaneamente permanecem na rua. Os estudos relacionados com esta tem��tica s��o escassos, principalmente os que abordam a perspetiva das crian��as e jovens de risco. Com este trabalho, pretende-se dar um contributo nesta ��rea e averiguar como e onde se faz a socializa����o destas crian��as e jovens em risco, jovens ���desprotegidos���, que buscam alternativas como uma ���sa��da para poderem existir��� (Campolina, 2001). A quest��o para reflex��o �� verificar como s��o sentidas e vividas pelas crian��as e jovens os v��nculos que estabelecem com as fam��lias, com as institui����es e com a rua. Esta quest��o leva a refletir sobre o lugar das crian��as e jovens na sociedade. Ao realizar o trabalho, foi utilizada uma metodologia qualitativa, etnogr��fica, que a mestranda achou adequada ��s carater��sticas do seu objeto e objetivos de estudo. Utilizou como instrumentos de recolha de dados a observa����o e a entrevista e fez uma an��lise de conte��do sobre as narrativas dos entrevistados. A partir dos resultados encontrados e posterior interpreta����o dos mesmos em conjuga����o com a literatura cient��fica foi poss��vel obter uma imagem da situa����o das crian��as e jovens em risco em Portugal, com a ajuda das narrativas dos entrevistados. Os percursos de vida destas crian��as demonstram a diversidade dos aspetos envolvidos na realidade familiar e da vitimiza����o. As trajet��rias de vida das crian��as trouxeram quest��es sobre algumas semelhan��as e diferen��as entre as crian��as e jovens que vivem em situa����o de risco.

Identidade, purpose e sentido de vida em adolescentes e jovens adultos

V��rios estudos indicam que a identidade vai sendo constru��da e definida, um processo desenvolvimental onde tamb��m acontece a defini����o de objetivos de purpose e de um sentido de vida. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a rela����o entre estas tr��s vari��veis tendo sido considerado que a exist��ncia de objetivos de purpose e de um sentido de vida est��o associados ao melhor desenvolvimento da identidade em dois grupos et��rios, adolescentes e adultos emergentes. As vari��veis foram respetivamente avaliadas por uma medida de objetivos de purpose e uma medida de Sentido de Vida que inclu��a a consci��ncia de ter um sentido de vida e a satisfa����o com este, constru��das para este estudo, e a identidade foi avaliada pela vers��o reduzida da PIES (Markstrom et al, 1997). As medidas foram aplicadas a 80 adolescentes (M = 16,02; Dp = 0,42) e 80 adultos emergentes (M = 16,02; Dp = 0,42). Verific��mos que o sentido de vida, consci��ncia e satisfa����o, est��o associados ao desenvolvimento da identidade, em ambos os grupos; os objetivos de fam��lia, amizade e carreira est��o associados com a identidade nos adolescentes.

Terrores e mist��rios da adolesc��ncia e juventude: uma an��lise da prefer��ncia dos jovens pela hist��ria de terror

Dividida em tr��s blocos principais, a presente disserta����o pretende apontar as rela����es entre o gosto da juventude pela hist��ria de terror e a Psicologia da Educa����o.

Desenvolvimento de um programa de compet��ncias emocionais em jovens e adultos com defici��ncia intelectual: estudo de caso na RAM

A progressiva valoriza����o cient��fica dos estudos na ��rea da intelig��ncia emocional (IE)levou a que a sua import��ncia em v��rios contextos do desenvolvimento humano fosse reconhecida. No entanto, s��o escassos os estudos que abordam a IE de crian��as, jovens ou adultos com necessidades especiais (NE), mais especificamente Defici��ncia Intelectual. No contexto portugu��s, estes estudos s��o ainda mais escassos. Nesta investiga����o realizou-se um estudo de caso, com o principal objetivo de compreender o efeito do desenvolvimento de um programa de promo����o de compet��ncias emocionais em jovens e adultos com Defici��ncia Intelectual ligeira e moderada, que frequentam um Centro de Atividades Ocupacionais (CAO) na Regi��o Aut��noma da Madeira(RAM). No estudo combinaram-se dados quantitativos e qualitativos. Os primeiros foram obtidos atrav��s da aplica����o de um question��rio para avaliar as compet��ncias emocionais constru��do para o efeito e os segundos atrav��s da observa����o e das notas de campo. A triangula����o dos dados obtidos remete para aspetos interessantes que sugerem um efeito favor��vel do programa em algumas compet��ncias emocionais e em aspetos do relacionamento social bem como a satisfa����o dos participantes em integrar programas nesta ��rea. Os resultados apontam ainda para possibilidades de a����o em rela����o �� Defici��ncia Intelectual, ampliando o leque de ferramentas dispon��veis para intervir com esta popula����o.

Aspetos desenvolvimentais da intelig��ncia emocional em jovens institucionalizados: estudo de caso

Nos ��ltimos anos o interesse acerca do construto de intelig��ncia emocional e das compet��ncias sociais tem aumentado. Este facto �� explicado pela prolifera����o de v��rios estudos, que tem demonstrado a import��ncia das compet��ncias socioemocionais na vida dos indiv��duos. Os estudos, que incidem nas faixas et��rias da inf��ncia e da adolesc��ncia, t��m descrito a influ��ncia das compet��ncias sociemocionais em aspetos como o sucesso escolar, a adapta����o social, bem-estar e ajuste psicol��gico. O processo de institucionaliza����o envolve grandes mudan��as na estrutura emocional e social de crian��as e jovens. Neste ��mbito �� importante conhecer como �� e como ocorre o desenvolvimento sociemocional destes jovens e qual o impacto da institucionaliza����o nas suas compet��ncias socioemocionais. O estudo deu continuidade a uma investiga����o que tinha-se iniciado no ano de 2007, de forma a acompanhar o desenvolvimento dos indiv��duos. A amostra incidiu sobre 20 utentes de uma institui����o, com regime de internamento integral da Regi��o Aut��noma da Madeira. Foram aplicados os seguintes instrumentos: Matrizes Progressivas de Raven (CPM-SPM), Invent��rio de Quociente Emocional de Bar-On: vers��o para jovens (EQ-i:YV), Prova Cognitiva de Intelig��ncia Social (PCIS) e Prova de Avalia����o da Compet��ncia Social (PACS). Os resultados apontam para um destaque das compet��ncias como a adaptabilidade flexibilidade, resolu����o de problemas e de aspetos relacionados com a resolu����o de situa����es sociais. Verificou-se igualmente uma redu����o das compet��ncias sociemocionais ao longo do tempo, particularmente no que concerne �� perce����o dos jovens acerca das suas compet��ncias intrapessoais, a motiva����o e autoconfian��a para a para a resolu����o de situa����es sociais e as compet��ncias sociais em termos de lideran��a.

Diferen��as de sexo e escolaridade na manifesta����o de Stress em adultos jovens

Este estudo pesquisou sintomas de stress em adultos jovens, relacionando-os com o sexo e ano escolar em curso. Investigou tamb��m o tipo e a freq����ncia de sintomas. Participaram 295 estudantes de 15 a 28 anos, sendo 150 mulheres e 145 homens, que cursavam o primeiro e terceiro anos do ensino m��dio, curso pr��-vestibular e primeiro e quarto anos de ensino superior. A avalia����o do stress foi realizada atrav��s do Invent��rio de Sintomas de Stress de Lipp. Os resultados acusaram correla����o significativa entre sexo e n��vel de stress (p<0,0001) sendo que as mulheres apresentaram maior n��vel de stress em todos os grupos avaliados. Maior ��ndice de stress surgiu em estudantes do curso Pr��-Vestibular, seguidos do terceiro ano do ensino m��dio. A sintomatologia apresentada foi predominantemente psicol��gica e os sintomas mais prevalentes foram sensibilidade emotiva excessiva, para as mulheres e, para os homens, pensamento recorrente.

Distribui����o espacial, forma����o de grupos, uso do h��bitat e ecologia comportamental de jovens de tubar��o lim��o, negaprion brevirostris (poey 1868), no arquip��lago de fernando de noronha

Lemon sharks, Negaprion brevirostris, are common in the Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, but detailed information about the species in this site is lacking. The aim of this study was to describe the spatial distribution, grouping behavior, habitat use and behavioral ecology of juvenile lemon sharks in the archipelago, and their interaction with some environmental and ecological factors. During 2006 and 2007, the presence and spatial distribution of juvenile sharks were quantified through scuba diving and snorkeling at several sites of the archipelago. In 2008 the habitat use of juvenile sharks was quantified through visual census while snorkeling along 300 x 8 m strip transects. During these transects the grouping behavior of lemon sharks was quantified by ad libitum. Results indicate that Fernando de Noronha Archipelago is used as a nursery area for lemon sharks, and the parturition occurs from November to April. Juveniles preferred using shallower areas available by the tide variation and formed groups only in the presence of adult conspecifics. This preference for shallower habitats and the group behavior probably are anti-predatory tactics used by juvenile lemon sharks, in response to the low availability of shelter and high predation risk of the studied areas. Quantifications of prey availability and predation risk of juveniles showed that, in general, lemon sharks are trading-off food by security and investing in sites with higher possibility of energetic return. Behavioral observations enabled to record juvenile carangid fishes following juvenile lemon sharks, remora host-parasite and juvenile sharks foraging on schools of herrings and octopuses. We also recorded the behavior of juvenile sharks following conspecifics of similar size, circling with two or three individuals and smaller individuals giving way to larger juveniles. When adults are present, juvenile lemon sharks are more social than solitary, indicating that predation is one of the factors that contribute to social behaviors of the species. Results also suggest that when grouped the juveniles have a hierarchical organization according to body size. Furthermore, observation of large adult females with several fresh mating bites and scars in the same habitats used by juvenile lemon sharks, indicates that Fernando de Noronha Archipelago is used as nursery and mating grounds by this species

Motiva����es para ado����o: uma perspectiva da Psicologia Evolucionista

Parental investment increases the offspring s survival, though it decreases the opportunities for the parents to invest in a future progeny. In a broad sense, this investment is directed to one s own descendant, but in some cases, such as in adoption, resources are directed to non-relatives even in the absence of fitness benefits. Once there are many factors involved in adoption, this study investigated adopters candidates, aiming to analyze aspects considered by them for adopting, based on the Evolutionary Psychology s perspective. We analyzed the judicial proceedings�� files people who had been inlisted for adoption at the 2�� Childhood and Adolescence Law Court, Natal-RN. The adopter s motivations were classified into biological or social reasons. A relationship between adopters�� age and kind of motivation was found: requirements of young people were related to biological reasons while requirements of the old ones were related to social reasons. Fertility, mainly female requirer��s fertility, underlie this relationship, considering that women fertility is strongly influenced by age. The reasons to adopt were also related to the age of the desired child, once that people who wanted children older than 25 months alleged social reasons while those that wanted younger babies alleged biological reasons. There are lots of motives to adopt a child, but the phenomenon of adoption is broadly acknowledged by society as an act of love and the adoptive parents are often regarded as kind and generous people. It was observed, instead, that the reasons to adopt comes from the adopters themselves, related to the fulfillment of personal needs, such as increasing the family, carrying out mother/father role or having a company or someone to care form them in elderly age

Avalia����o das caracter��sticas de afetividade em crian��as e jovens com s��ndrome de down

This work presents the processes and the results of a research concerning the affectivity in children suffering from the Down��s Syndrome (DS). The relevance of the study is justified due to the need of the development of researches, in the area of psychological evaluation of people who suffers from Down��s Syndrome (DS), that are backed by the use of appropriate instruments for such purpose. The thematic discussed focuses the characteristics of the affectivity of children suffering from Down��s Syndrome. Affectivity, conceptually, is considered a wide phenomenon, including several aspects such as emotions, passions, anxiety, anguish, sadness, happiness and even the pleasure sensations and pain. The general objective of the study consisted of investigating the manifestation of the affectivity in children and young with Down��s Syndrome and the parents�� and educators�� perception concerning the expression of the affectivity in the behavior and in the social activities. The specific objectives were: to identify the parents' perceptions about the several manifestations of indicative behaviors of affectivity; to verify in the social atmosphere, outside home, through the teachers' perception, the several forms and intensities of the expression of the affectivity; and, to make possible the use of the technique of Zulliger (Z-test) in people with Down��s Syndrome. 70 (seventy) children and young with Down��s Syndrome participated in the research, in the age group from 04 to 26 years old, which are attended by Institutions of Para��ba and of Rio Grande do Norte. The instruments used were two questionnaires, applied with the parents and teachers, and the projective technique, Z-test, applied, individually, with the children and young with Down��s Syndrome. For analysis of the data of the questionnaires, the program Trideux-Mots was used, with the intention of selecting the main outstanding words for the parents and teachers concerning the expression of the children's affectivity and young with Down��s Syndrome. For so much, it was organized a database that was processed by that program and, soon after, interpreted through the Factorial Analysis by Correspondence (AFC), looking for to clear the modalities of presented answers in an organized way, through a graph. The data of the Z-test were analyzed, taking in consideration the need to characterize the aspects of the affectivity and the elaboration of specific norms for this sample type, through normalized scores. In agreement with the data presented by Tri-deux-Mots, it was observed that in the affective behavior and in the relationship with the other, home and in the school, the children and young with Down��s Syndrome they express your affectivity through positive and negative characteristics, in the same way that any other child that doesn't have to syndrome. The Z-test made possible initial elements to work with that population, however it is necessary that grow other researches with the intention of investigating the reason of the answers they present not the specific categories that you/they are related to the affectivity, since it was well-known the diversity of affective characteristics presented by the researched group

Adolescentes e jovens e suas bases de apoio :rela����es de amizade como suporte social no enfrentamento �� viol��ncia

The purpose of this work is to map the family and community social supports for adolescents and young students from Bom Pastor Distric, West Zone of Natal/RN, as well as to describe how such resources are used by these individuaIs in that community. Social support refers not only to formal activities or organizations, but also to spontaneous or informal forms of support - friendship and solidarity nets available in the community, affective relations that are meaningful in the lives of children and young people. Our discussion is based on a research performed with 382 adolescents and young students from Jean Mermoz Public School (students from 5th to 11th grades, aged 13 to 14). We emphasized the situations of violence derived from family or community spheres faced by these students. In relation to this specific aspect, we observed the participants more frequently look for help from the informal social supports, mostly from their friends, which indicates that the formal ones are not considered to be effective instruments for social assistance. The search for informal social supports shows the relations informally established in the streets (for instance when they look for help from friends, rei atives or neighbors) have more effect and play an important role in which there are values and affections exchange. Thinking the strengthening of these social links is of extreme importance and leads to the weakening of the hegemonic logics focused on the production of subjects as private identities, and to the amplification of an ethics committed to the disassembly of a sociability anchored to fear, impotence, intolerance, discrimination, and reduction of spaces for circulating and confronting mechanisms of social exclusion. It is crucial that we concentrate our attention to building friendship as a system of reciprocity and affective exchanges, as a space for political actions and production of forms of lives that are potent against social anesthesia

Desvelando as teias de Pin��quio :concep����es de fam��lia em jovens moradores de bairros perif��ricos

This thesis discusses family as a social and historical construction and concerns to the perceptions developed by the peripheral youth living in suburbs. It investigates the speeches of young boys and girls who take part in Engenho de sonhos a forum composed by a pool of eleven non-governmental organizations and UFRN which aim is the elaboration and execution of projects focusing local development of poor communities in violence and social exclusion context. Throughout interactive diagnosis seminars in five communities in West Side of Natal with six hundred teenagers, it was detected the need to work with family relationships. In order to build the methodological corpus a range variety of procedures were done such as: interviews, focal groups and psychosocial questionnaires with nine local young leaders. The purpose to understand data guided the research through the theory of social imagery and pointed out the following themes: conceptions, relationship, roles, family projects. Live stories of these young population reveals conflicts when it comes to the configuration of family ties, far from the family model stated by society. Family is also, in their perception, an important space to the development of affection, in experiences of all sorts, affecting personality development and determining behaviors in local contexts. The research concludes stating the urge to comprehend this academic work as a way to fight against symbolic and emotional poverty in family context producing discussions and critical reflection in a permanent relation between juvenile social vulnerability (characterized by lacks of all orders) and potential

O significado do trabalho entre os jovens na transi����o de estudante universit��rio a profissional

The present study analyses the variability of the meaning of the work among young people on the transition from university to professional life, divided according to: university levels, knowledge area and graduation course. A hundred seventeen young people answered the questionaries structured on the components of the meaning of work. Semi-structured interviews were also made with parts of the sample about the themes related to the meaning of work on this way the information of the questionaries became complete. The answers of the interviews were studied through the analysis of the thematic contents. The results of such analysis and the answers of the questionaries were registered on the data base SPSS for Windows. The results of the statistic analysis made indicated that: (1) the centrality of work and the articulations among stronger spheres do not present variability according to level, area or course; (2) the course makes more difference values factors and descriptives factors than area and level; (3) the hierarchy of values presents variability according to area and the descriptive hierarchy presents variability according to course; (4) the level makes more difference specific attributes of the meaning of the work than area and course; (5) the standards of the meaning of work do not present variability according to level, area and course, but present variability according to type of the work market evaluation and planning the future work. In summary, the meaning of work present variability according to level, area and course of the young people, when studied in facets, except for the work centrality

Comportamento locomotor de crian��as e adultos jovens em ambiente dom��stico simulado

Observamos o comportamento locomotor de 40 crian��as (de 5 a 8 anos) e de 40 adultos jovens (de 19 a 28 anos) frente a restri����es ambientais, que percorreram dois circuitos em condi����es de luminosidade total e reduzida e transporte de carga (sem carga, 3% e 7% da massa corporal), andando o mais r��pido poss��vel e evitando contato com objetos. O tempo gasto na tarefa foi obtido por meio de um cron��metro digital, em tr��s tentativas por condi����o. ANOVA para tr��s fatores (circuito x ilumina����o x carga) revelou que: as crian��as demoraram mais tempo para realizar a tarefa quando carga foi adicionada; crian��as mais jovens percorreram o circuito em tempo maior que crian��as mais velhas; as condi����es n��o alteraram a locomo����o dos adultos. Conclu��mos que crian��as necessitam integrar as informa����es sensoriais e acopl��-las ao sistema efetor. Programas de interven����o s��o necess��rios para facilitar essa integra����o sem restri����o da mobilidade das crian��as.