Recueil de lettres et de pièces originales.

Contient : 1 Lettre du roi « HENRY » VIII au « seigneur de Montmorency, grand maistre de France... De Amptonhyll, le second jour de septembre, l'an mil V.C. trente » ; 2 Lettre du roi « HENRY » VIII au « Sr de Montmorency,... De Grenewiche, le XVIIe jour de april, l'an mil V.C.XXXI » ; 3 Lettre, en italien, de « FRANCESCO [MARIE SFORCE, duc de Milan] al' illustrissimo Sor monsignor gran maestro di Franza... Laudy, VIII decembris M.D.XXVIII » ; 4 Lettre de « CHARLES [DE BOURBON, duc DE VENDOME]... à... monseigneur le grant maistre... De Crecy, le XXIXme juillet » ; 5 Lettre du « marquis DE SALUCES, JEHAN LOYS,... à monseigneur le grant maistre... De Saluces, ce XXIIe jour de may » ; 6 Lettre de « LOYSE [DE SAVOIE]... à... monseigneur le grant maistre... A Sainct Germain en Laye, ce IIIIe jour d'avril » ; 7 Lettre de « MARGUERITE, [reine de Navarre]... au roy » François Ier ; 8 Lettre de « LOYSE [DE SAVOIE]... à... monseigneur le grant maistre... A Sainct Germain en Laye, ce XIIe jour de novembre » ; 9 Lettre de « LOYSE [DE SAVOIE]... à monseigneur de Montmorency,... De Sainct Germain en Laye, le XXVIme jour de juillet » ; 10 Lettre d'ANNE DE « MONTMORENCY,... à monseigneur de Humyeres,... De Fontainebleau, le VIe jour de fevrier » ; 11 Lettre de « CLAUDE DE LORRAINE [duc DE GUISE]... à madame la conestable... De Mente, ce XIIIe fevrier 1501 » ; 12 Lettre de « F[RANÇOIS], cardinal DE TOURNON,... à monseigneur le grant maistre... De Bayonne, ce XIme de juing » ; 13 Lettre de « ROBERT DE LA MARCHE,... à monseigneur le grant maistre... De Dissay, ce septme avril » ; 14 Lettre de « CLAUDE DE LORRAINE,... [duc] DE GUYSE,... à monseigneur le grant maistre... De Joinville, le Xe jour d'apvril » ; 15 Lettre de « GALIOT [DE GENOUILLAC]... à monseigneur le grant maistre... De Chef-Botonne, ce XXe jour d'avril » ; 16 Lettre de « J[EAN] D'ORLEANS, archevesque de Thoulouse... à monseigneur de Montmorency,... A Meung, ce XXIe jour de may » ; 17 Bref du pape « CLEMENT VII,... domino de Montmoranci,... Datum... Bononiae... die XXVIII octobris M.D. XXIX » ; 18 Bref du pape « CLEMENT VII,... domino de Memoranciae,... Datum Romae, apud Sanctum Petrum... Die XXIIII septembris M.D.XXVI » ; 19 Lettre de « PEDRO NAVARRO,... au roy... De Lyon, le XXVe jour de juing » ; 20 Lettre, en italien, de « THEODORO TRIVULTIO,... a monsignor il gran maestro de Francia... Del casteletto de Genova, allo ultimo julio M.D.XXVIII » ; 21 Lettre, en italien, de « GIOVANNI DE MEDICI,... ad monsegnor l'amiraglio de Francia... Ferrarie, die XIII julii M.D.XXV » ; 22 Lettre de « PEDRO NAVARRO,... à monseigneur le grant maistre... Au port de Savonne, le XXIe jour de novembre » ; 23 Lettre de « DE LALAING,... à monseigneur le grand maistre... De Bruxelles, le XIe d'octobre, l'an XV.C.XXIX » ; 24 « Estat des compagnies des gens de guerre des ordonnances du roy, et des pays et provinces où elles seront assises en garnison » ; 25 Lettre de « D'ESTOUTEVILLE,... à... monseigneur de Rochepot,... De Chantelou, le XIIIme jour de novembre » ; 26 Lettre de « DE LA TREMOILLE » au « mareschal de Montmorency,... De Mellan, le IIme jour de novembre » ; 27 Lettre de « CHARLES DE LANOY,... à monseigneur le merical Memorancy,... De Perne, ce premier de mars » ; 28 Lettre, en italien, du légat « JO[HANNES], cardinalis DE SAVIATIS,... domino magno magistro Franciae... Da Cambrai, alli XIII di agosto M.D.XXIX » ; 29 Lettre de « CHARLES DE LANOY,... à monseigneur de Memorency,... Se XVII de jenvier » ; 30 Lettre d'«ASPARROS,... à monseigneur le grant maistre... A Bloys, le Xme d'aoust » ; 31 Lettre de RENE, « batar de Savoye... à monseigneur de La Rochepot,... A Eyreul, le VIme de fevrier » ; 32 Lettre des « gens des troys estas du pays de Prouvence... à monseigneur le grand maistre... D'Aix, le XIXe jour de janvier » ; 33 Lettre, en espagnol, de « FERNANDO D'ALARCON,... al illustrisimo señor el Sr gran maestre de Francia... De Sessa, a XIII de henero 1531 » ; 34 Lettre de « D'ETOUTEVILLE,... à monseigneur le conestable... A Tournehan, ce IXe jour d'aoust » ; 35 « Double des lettres que la royne... MARGUERITE,... DE NAVARRE escript à monseigneur de Cleves » ; 36 Lettre de la princesse « MAGDALENE » à son « mary » Jacques V, roi d'Écosse ; 37 Lettre de « DE LALAING,... à monseigneur de La Pomeraye,... D'Utrecht, le VIIe jour de fevrier, l'an XXIX » ; 38 Lettre de « DE LALAING,... à monseigneur le grand maistre... De Bruxelles, le XXVIe jour de decembre » ; 39 Lettre de « DE LALAING,... à monseigneur le grant maistre... De Malines, le IXe jour de juillet, l'an XXX » ; 40 Lettre, en italien, et avec chiffre, de « GUIDO RANGONE,... a... monsignore gran maestro de Franza... De Venezia, il X di zenaro M.D.XXX » ; 41 « Diciferato d'una lettera di Spagna. Da Granata, de XIX di septembre » ; 42 Lettre de « LOYS DE PRADT,... à monseigneur de Saint Bonnet, gouverneur de Bayonñe... De Fontarabie, ce XIIme de mars » ; 43 Lettre de « LOYS DE PRADT,... à monseigneur le grant maistre... De Gennes, le VIIIe d'avril » ; 44 Lettre de « LOYS DE PRADT,... à monseigneur le grant maistre » ; 45 Lettre de « LOYS DE PRADT,... à monseigneur le grant maistre... De Paris, le VIIIme d'avril » ; 46 Lettre de l'amiral « BRYON,... à monseigneur... le grant maistre... De Castel Sainct Jehan, ce XXVIIIme jour d'octobre » ; 47 Lettre de « LOYS DE PRADT,... à monseigneur le grant maistre... De Bloys, ce XXVIme de juillet M.V.C.XXX » ; 48 Lettre de « THOMAS CHEYNE,... à... monseigneur le grant maistre... A Grenewyche, le Ve de janvier » ; 49 Lettre de madame « L. DE TOURNON » à la reine. « A Bloys, ce vendredy » ; 50 Lettre, en italien, de « JACOPO.SALVIATI,... al re... Da Orvieti, a di X di febraro M.D.XXVIII » ; 51 Ordonnance d'«ANNE DE MONTMORENCY » pour la liberté du commerce des « subjectz de l'Empereur... A Beausonnon, le XIIIIme jour de juillet... mil cinq cens vingt et cinq » ; 52 « Double de la lettre escripte à monseigneur l'admyral, de Genefve, le Vme d'aoust, touchant monseigneur de Savoye » ; 53 Lettre, en italien, de « STEFANO COLONA,... a... monsor el gran mastro... Florentiae, XII octobris M.D. XXIX » ; 54 « Double d'une lettre escripte par monseigneur le marquis DE SALUCES à monseigneur le comte de Pontresme,... A Cony, le Vme jour de juing » ; 55 Lettre, en italien, de « GALEATIO VESCONTE,... allo... Sor gran maestro di Franza... Da Lode, alli XXII di agosto » ; 56 Lettre, en italien, de « CAMILLO URSINO,... all' illustrissimo... il signor gran maestro... Da Vicenza, alli XI di agosto 1530 » ; 57 Lettre de « F. DE COULLIGNY,... à monseigneur le connestable... Du camp de Denvilles, ce XXIe de juillet » ; 58 Lettre de « GLAUDE DURRE,... au roy... De Marseille, ce XXVIIIe jour d'octobre » ; 59 Lettre, en italien, de « GALEATIO VESCONTE,... al signor gran maestro di Franza... In Lyone » ; 60 Lettre de « SAINT BONNET,... à monseigneur le grant maistre... De Ferrare, le XIIe jour d'octobre » ; 61 Lettre de « GLAUDE DURRE,... au roy... D'Aix, ce XIme jour de juing »

Banking Union in the Eurozone and the European Union. CEPS Commentary, 12 June 2012

In this new CEPS Commentary, Jacopo Carmassi, Carmine Di Noia and Stefano Micossi present a rationale and detailed outline for the creation of a banking union in Europe. They argue that it is essential to clearly distinguish between what is needed to address a ‘systemic’ confidence crisis hitting the banking system – which is mainly or solely a eurozone problem – and ‘fair weather’ arrangements to prevent individual bank crises and, when they occur, to manage them in an orderly fashion so as to minimise systemic spillovers and the cost to taxpayers, which is of concern for the entire European Union.

Banking Union: A Federal Model for the European Union with Prompt Corrective Action. CEPS Policy Brief No. 282, 18 September 2012

The European Commission has published its proposals for the transfer of supervisory responsibilities to the European Central Bank (ECB),1 under Article 127(6) of the TFEU, providing a comprehensive and courageous ‘first step’ towards a European banking Union, the other steps being European deposit insurance and resolution procedures. However, on a number of issues the Commission’s chosen path raises questions that should be brought out in the open and fully recognized before final deliberation by the Council.

Making the least active pay: a simulation of rewards and penalties under Demand Side Participation programs

The orthodox approach for incentivising Demand Side Participation (DSP) programs is that utility losses from capital, installation and planning costs should be recovered under financial incentive mechanisms which aim to ensure that utilities have the right incentives to implement DSP activities. The recent national smart metering roll-out in the UK implies that this approach needs to be reassessed since utilities will recover the capital costs associated with DSP technology through bills. This paper introduces a reward and penalty mechanism focusing on residential users. DSP planning costs are recovered through payments from those consumers who do not react to peak signals. Those consumers who do react are rewarded by paying lower bills. Because real-time incentives to residential consumers tend to fail due to the negligible amounts associated with net gains (and losses) or individual users, in the proposed mechanism the regulator determines benchmarks which are matched against responses to signals and caps the level of rewards/penalties to avoid market distortions. The paper presents an overview of existing financial incentive mechanisms for DSP; introduces the reward/penalty mechanism aimed at fostering DSP under the hypothesis of smart metering roll-out; considers the costs faced by utilities for DSP programs; assesses linear rate effects and value changes; introduces compensatory weights for those consumers who have physical or financial impediments; and shows findings based on simulation runs on three discrete levels of elasticity.

The elasticity of demand is about occupancy, not prices: building European demand curves based on occupancy elasticity

The peak congestion of the European grid may create significant impacts on system costs because of the need for higher marginal cost generation, higher cost system balancing and increasing grid reinforcement investment. The use of time of use rates, incentives, real time pricing and other programmes, usually defined as Demand Side Management (DSM), could bring about significant reductions in prices, limit carbon emissions from dirty power plants, and improve the integration of renewable sources of energy. Unlike previous studies on elasticity of residential electricity demand under flat tariffs, the aim of this study is not to investigate the known relatively inelastic relationship between demand and prices. Rather, the aim is to assess how occupancy levels vary in different European countries. This reflects the reality of demand loads, which are predominantly determined by the timing of human activities (e.g. travelling to work, taking children to school) rather than prices. To this end, two types of occupancy elasticity are estimated: baseline occupancy elasticity and peak occupancy elasticity. These represent the intrinsic elasticity associated with human activities of single residential end-users in 15 European countries. This study makes use of occupancy time-series data from the Harmonised European Time Use Survey database to build European occupancy curves; identify peak occupancy periods; draw time use demand curves for video and TV watching activity; and estimate national occupancy elasticity levels of single-occupant households. Findings on occupancy elasticities provide an indication of possible DSM strategies based on occupancy levels and not prices.

Demand response experience in Europe: policies, programmes and implementation

Over the last few years, load growth, increases in intermittent generation, declining technology costs and increasing recognition of the importance of customer behaviour in energy markets have brought about a change in the focus of Demand Response (DR) in Europe. The long standing programmes involving large industries, through interruptible tariffs and time of day pricing, have been increasingly complemented by programmes aimed at commercial and residential customer groups. Developments in DR vary substantially across Europe reflecting national conditions and triggered by different sets of policies, programmes and implementation schemes. This paper examines experiences within European countries as well as at European Union (EU) level, with the aim of understanding which factors have facilitated or impeded advances in DR. It describes initiatives, studies and policies of various European countries, with in-depth case studies of the UK, Italy and Spain. It is concluded that while business programmes, technical and economic potentials vary across Europe, there are common reasons as to why coordinated DR policies have been slow to emerge. This is because of the limited knowledge on DR energy saving capacities; high cost estimates for DR technologies and infrastructures; and policies focused on creating the conditions for liberalising the EU energy markets.

L’AIR nella pratica di una Autorità indipendente: l’esperienza dell’Autorità per l’energia elettrica e il gas di applicazione dell’AIR alla regolazione della qualità del servizio

In the last ten years Regulatory Impact Analysis has become the instrument providing groundwork for evidence-based regulatory decisions in most developed countries. However, to an increase in quantity, it did not correspond an increase in quality. In Italy, Regulatory Impact Analysis has been in place for ten years on paper, but in practice it has not been performed consistently. Of particular interest is the case of independent regulatory authorities, which have been required to apply Regulatory Impact Analysis since 2003. This paper explores how Regulatory Impact Analysis is carried out, by examining in depth how an individual case –on the Regulation for Quality of Service- was executed by the Autorità per l’energia elettrica e il gas. The aim is to provide a picture of the process leading to the final Regulatory Impact Analysis report, rather than just a study of its content. The case illustrates how Regulatory Impact Analysis, when properly employed, can be an important aid to the regulatory decision, not only by assessing ex ante the economic impacts of regulatory proposals in terms of costs, benefits and risks, but also opening the spectrum of policy alternatives and systematically considering stakeholder opinions as part of the decision-making process. This case highlights also several difficulties, analytical and process-related, that emerge in practical applications. Finally, it shows that the experience and expertise built by the regulatory authority over the years had a significant impact on the quality of the analysis.