Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato GENOTYPES IN DOMESTIC LIVESTOCK AND HUMANS IN GOLESTAN PROVINCE, IRAN

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a globally parasitic zoonosis caused by larval stages of Echinococcus granulosus. This study investigated E. granulosus genotypes isolated from livestock and humans in the Golestan province, northern Iran, southeast of the Caspian sea, using partial sequencing data of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) and NADH dehydrogenase 1 (nad1) mitochondrial genes. Seventy E. granulosus isolates were collected from animals in slaughterhouses: 18 isolates from sheep, 40 from cattle, nine from camels, two from buffaloes and one from a goat, along with four human isolates (formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues) from CE patients of provincial hospitals. All isolates were successfully analysed by PCR amplification and sequencing. The sequence analysis found four E. granulosus genotypes among the 74 CE isolates: G1 (78.3%), G2 (2.7%), G3 (15%) and G6 (4%). The G1-G3 complex genotype was found in all of the sheep, goat, cattle and buffalo isolates. Among the nine camel isolates, the frequency of G1-G3 and G6 genotypes were 66.7% and 33.3%, respectively. All four human CE isolates belonged to E. granulosus sensu stricto. This study reports the first occurrence of the G2 genotype in cattle from Iran and confirms the previously reported G3 genotype in camels in the same country.

Population and railways in Portugal, 1801-1930

Portuguese historiography has mostly adopted a pessimistic view regarding the contribution of the railways to the development of country. Yet, railway access helped to increase population concentration and economic development, favoring migration into towns, the growth of pre-existing urban centers, and the emergence of new centers. But railways tended to be more beneficial to regions that were already prosperous and to aggravate the conditions unfavorable to development in areas with greater structural weaknesses.

Epidemiological profile of meningococcal disease in the State of Minas Gerais and in the Central, North, and Triângulo Mineiro regions, Brazil, during 2000-2009

INTRODUCTION: Infection by Neisseria meningitidis, termed as meningococcal disease, can cause meningococcal meningitis and septicemia with or without meningitis. Meningococcal disease is endemic in Brazil and has a high potential to cause large-scale epidemics; therefore, it requires the immediate notification of cases to the Information System for Notifiable Diseases (SINAN) in Brazil. The aim of this study was to describe an epidemiological profile using data from notified and confirmed cases in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil, from January 2000 to December 2009, obtained from the investigation records of individuals with meningitis registered with SINAN. METHODS: This was a retrospective, population-based study. Descriptive analysis of the data was made using the simple and relative frequencies of the categorical variables in the investigation records. RESULTS: There were 1,688 confirmed patients in Minas Gerais of which 45.5% lived in the Central, North, and Triângulo Mineiro regions. The highest frequencies of cases were in the 1-4-years age group (26.3%), males (54.7%), caucasian (36.4%), and lived in an urban area (80%). In the patients with specified education, 650 (60.9%) patients had secondary education. Serogrouping of meningococci had been performed in 500 (29.6%) patients by age and gender; 285 (57%) belonged to serogroup C, 67 (13.4%) were in the 1-to 4-years age group, and 168 (33.6%) were male. CONCLUSIONS: The epidemiological profiles of patients in the Central, North, and Triângulo Mineiro regions were not significantly different from the profile of patients in Minas Gerais.

Prevalence and genotype distribution of human papillomavirus: implications for cancer screening and vaccination in Henan province, China

Abstract: INTRODUCTION: To provide information for cervical cancer screening and vaccination in Henan province, China, the distribution of human papillomavirus (HPV) was analyzed. METHODS: The HPV genotypes were detected using gene array and flow-through hybridization. RESULTS: Overall, 38.1% (1,536/4,033) of the women were human papillomavirus deoxyribonucleic acid (HPV DNA) positive. The prevalence of high-risk HPV types was 32.4%. HPV 16 was the most prevalent genotype (8.9%), followed by HPV 52 (5.8%) and HPV 58 (4.4%). CONCLUSIONS: The data support close surveillance of women for cervical cancer screening, and HPV prophylactic vaccines including HPV16, HPV 52, and HPV 58 might offer greater protection in this area.

Is the Spanish Inheritance and Gift Tax incompatible with the free movement of workers and capital?: The reasoned opinion of the EU Commission IP/10/513

The aim of my speech is answering to the question if the Spanish Inheritance and Gift Tax is incompatible with the free movement of workers and capital. We are going to pay special attention to the European Commission’s request to Spain to change its Inheritance and Gift Tax provisions for Non-Residents or Assets held abroad. In order to answer to the question mentioned above five points will be explained. At first place I am going to describe the infrengement procedure established in the Article 258 that the EU Commission can follow when a Member State doesn’t comply with Community Law. At second place, we are going to explain what is the content of the EU Commission delivered on 5th of may 2010 regarding the spanish Inheritance and Gift Tax. Then, we will analise what establishes the Community Law regarding the freedom of workers and capital and how they are understood by the EU Court of Justice in similar cases. Finally, we are going to provide possible amendments that Spain could undertake.

La Lectura a les comarques de Girona

Estat de la lectura a les comarques gironines. Es tracten temes com ara què significa llegir; la història de la lectura, especialment a les terres gironines; l’estat de l’analfabetisme tant absolut com funcional; el “Manifest d’Olot” i l’aprenentatge de la lectura

El PEIN a les comarques gironines: una visió geogràfica

El Pla d’Espais d’Interès Natural (PEIN) és una figura de planificació contemplada per la Llei 12/1985 d’espais naturals del Parlament de Catalunya. Cal assenyalar que el 1989 ja es va produir una primera exposició pública, en el transcurs de la qual el pla va patir fortes pressions, sobretot provinents d’associacions lligades al món rural, ja que són les més afectades per l’aprovació del pla, fet que va provocar el desenvolupament d’una nova versió presentada el setembre de 1992

Art a Girona, de la resistència a la normalització

Repàs de l’activitat artística, concretament de la producció d’art contemporani, a les terres gironines, especialment als nuclis de Girona, Figueres i Olot entre les dècades dels 40 als 80

Disseny d’una metodologia per conèixer el perfil dels usuaris del turisme rural a les comarques de Girona

Treball final de carrera què vol determinar quins mètodes haurà de seguir l’ Associació de Turisme Rural Girona per conèixer el perfil del turista rural a les comarques gironines. En aquesta investigació es determina quin és el model d’ enquesta a seguir i la seva correcta distribució

La Universitat de Girona i el sector cultural

Estudi realitzat pels membres de la Càtedra UNESCO de Polítiques Culturals i Cooperació amb l'objectiu d'analitzar les relacions que s’estableixen entre la UdG i els altres actors culturals del territori. Aquest treball ha de servir per conscienciar, a dins i a fora de la UdG, del paper que té la Universitat i de l’actuació que ha de fer en l’àmbit cultural. Amb l'estudi volem posar a disposició de la comunitat universitària i, en especial dels òrgans, centres, unitats i persones que en són destinataris, tot un seguit de propostes en relació amb la política universitària, en aspectes estructurals, de gestió i comunicació, orientades sempre a l’obertura de les nostres missions de formació, recerca i transferència

Nabil: un jove d'Aghbala a Girona

Anàlisi de la realitat dels joves marroquins nouvinguts, explicada des de la perspectiva d’un dels seus protagonistes. L’ús dels espais urbans al poble d’Aghbala i a la ciutat de Girona, i l’experiència vital a partir de la transcripció del Relat de Vida, són els dos recursos que reflecteixen el procés migratori i la curta biografia d’en Nabil

Tapinoma pygmaeum (Dufour, 1857) (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), not a rare species

Tapinoma pygmaeum is an ant known from seven localities. Five of them are in theprovince of Girona (Spain). The apparent rarity and skewed distribution of this species isprobably an artifact due to the confussion, in field samplings, with a similar speciesPlagiolepis pygmaea

Small Business: Referral Information on Programs to Assist Women and Minorities in Establishing and Expanding Small Businesses, Revised October 2000

Small Business: Referral Information on Programs to Assist Women and Minorities in Establishing and Expanding Small Businesses

Iowa Sales and Use Tax Annual Statistical Report 2000

Iowa Sales and Use Tax Annual Statistical Report 2000