Foreign trained teachers : the emergence of the right to practise their profession in Ontario

The purpose of this thesis is to examine the impact of 2 recent legal events, specifically the Fair Access to Regulated Professions Act (2006) and Siadat v. Ontario College of Teachers (2007) decision, with regards to the opportunity of foreign trained teachers to practice their profession in Ontario. The emphasis is on the case of Fatima Siadat, who was a teacher in Iran but was unable to satisfy all the licensing requirements of the Ontario College of Teachers and consequently was unable to practise her profession in Ontario. When the Ontario College of Teachers Appeals Committee upheld the previous decision of the Ontario College of Teachers Registrar to refuse to issue her a teacher's certificate, Ms. Fatima Siadat decided to initiate a lawsuit. Ms. Fatima Siadat challenged the decision ofthe Ontario College of Teachers Appeals Committee by raising a question of applicability of human rights legislation (i.e., The Ontario Human Rights Code, 1990) on the Ontario College of Teachers' decisions. The Ontario Superior Court of Justice decided in January of2007 in favour of Ms. Fatima Siadat (Siadat v. Ontario College of Teachers , 2007) and ordered that her licensing application be reconsidered by the Ontario College of Teachers Appeals Committee. In this thesis the author argues that the Fatima Siadat decision, together with the Fair Access to Regulated Professions Act, 2006, will likely make a significant contribution to enhancing the access of foreign trained teachers and other professionals to practice their regulated professions in Ontario.

Order to create a General Board of Health in the Town of Niagara, June 25, 1832

In the early nineteenth century, a widespread outbreak of cholera occurred in continental Europe, eventually spreading to the British Isles. The disease subsequently spread to Canada as impoverished British immigrants seeking a better life arrived in the country. To help curb the spread of the disease, local Boards of Health were created.

Order to create a General Board of Health in the Town of Niagara, June 25, 1832.

In the early nineteenth century, a widespread outbreak of cholera occurred in continental Europe, eventually spreading to the British Isles. The disease subsequently spread to Canada as impoverished British immigrants seeking a better life arrived in the country. To help curb the spread of the disease, local Boards of Health were created.

Les déterminants de l’état de faible revenu au Canada : l’effet modérateur du statut d’immigrant

Notre recherche a comme objectif de déterminer si le statut d’immigrant agit comme modérateur de la relation entre l’état de faible revenu et ses déterminants au Canada. Elle est basée sur les données du Recensement de 2006. Notre étude cherche à comprendre s'il existe des différences selon l'appartenance à la population immigrante ou à la population native quant à la probabilité d’être dans un état de faible revenu. Également, nous avons accordé une attention particulière à la région d'origine des immigrants. Nos résultats soutiennent qu'effectivement l'effet des déterminants retenus sur la probabilité de connaître l’état de faible revenu varie entre les immigrants et les natifs ainsi qu’entre les immigrants selon leur région d'origine. C'est surtout chez les immigrants issus des pays non traditionnels que l'écart dans l'effet des variables est le plus marqué et ce, par rapport aux natifs. Les immigrants issus des pays traditionnels se trouvent dans une situation intermédiaire, soit entre les deux groupes. Par exemple, l'éducation a un effet négatif moins important sur la probabilité d’être dans un état de faible revenu chez les immigrants originaires des pays non traditionnels comparativement aux natifs et aux immigrants originaires des pays traditionnels. Par contre, l’appartenance à une minorité visible, le statut d’étudiant et l’intensité de travail produisent un effet plus important sur la probabilité en question chez les immigrants issus des pays non traditionnels comparativement aux autres groupes. La connaissance des langues officielles du Canada produit un effet négatif bien plus important dans le cas des immigrants issus des pays non traditionnels. C’est surtout les immigrants bilingues qui sont les moins exposés à l’état de faible revenu, alors que ceux qui ne parlent aucune langue officielle du Canada sont les plus touchés. Nous retrouvons les mêmes effets chez les immigrants issus des pays traditionnels, mais dans une moindre mesure. En somme, cette étude apporte des nouvelles connaissances dans le domaine et permet d’arriver à une meilleure compréhension de l’état de faible revenu chez les personnes âgées de 15 ans et plus au Canada.

Analyse démographique des demandeurs d'asile et des réfugiés au Canada (2000-2010)

La problématique des réfugiés fait partie du cadre plus large des politiques migratoires et de la migration internationale en général. Étant un pays d’immigration, le Canada a dû composer avec plusieurs vagues migratoires et s’y adapter en changeant sa politique d’immigration (au niveau fédéral et provincial) en définissant, en termes numériques, les objectifs annuels d’admission des immigrants (le nombre souhaité d’immigrants), ainsi que les objectifs politiques, humanitaires, économiques et démographiques à long terme. Le groupe visé par le présent rapport (les demandeurs d’asile et les réfugiés) se distingue de toute autre catégorie d’immigration par la spécificité de sa condition - une fuite involontaire et une absence de protection des autorités nationales de leur pays. Au plan international et dans le cadre de la politique canadienne, un réfugié: « l’individu qui fuit la persécution » devient un «demandeur d’asile » au moment de faire face à un processus de reconnaissance du statut de réfugié, conforme aux définitions, aux lois et à la politique d’immigration canadiennes. Les étapes de ce processus sont importantes, parce qu’elles établissent une continuité de la demande d’asile, mais aussi parce qu’elles influencent la comptabilisation et les statistiques sur les demandeurs d’asile et les réfugiés. Les données de Citoyenneté et Immigration Canada figurent parmi les rares sources disponibles donnant à la fois des informations sur les demandeurs d’asile et les réfugiés. Cette population au Canada est mal connue et assez difficile à décrire à cause de la faiblesse des statistiques. Du point de vue démographique, une meilleure connaissance du nombre et de l’évolution des immigrants de la catégorie « demandeur d’asile » ou « réfugié », ainsi que de leurs caractéristiques sociodémographiques (sexe, âge, scolarité, connaissances linguistiques, pays d’origine, etc.) aide à cerner leurs besoins en services et à leur fournir des politiques adéquates d’intégration à la culture et à la vie canadiennes.

L’alchimie de l’État : la construction de la différence dans le processus de sélection des immigrants au Québec.

La plupart des personnes qui émigrent au Québec le font à travers un processus administratif qui sélectionne celles qui sont estimées le plus capables de s’intégrer à la société québécoise et dont les compétences professionnelles sont le plus susceptibles d’être économiquement rentabilisées par le pays. Au terme de ce processus, ces personnes sélectionnées obtiennent la résidence permanente. Avant même leur entrée sur le territoire québécois, elles échangent des documents avec les ministères canadien et québécois de l’immigration et passent une entrevue de sélection avec un fonctionnaire, entre autres démarches. Une fois au Québec, elles poursuivent ce processus en suivant des cours de formation sur la culture et les valeurs québécoises. À l’appui d’une approche ethnographique, ce mémoire plonge dans l’expérience de quelques-uns de ces immigrants, pour comprendre la façon dont l’État s’actualise au cours de ses relations avec les individus. Ce travail rend compte de la manière dont, dans le cadre de procédures qui se développent sous une matrice d’hospitalité, l’attribution de la catégorie de « résident permanent » ainsi que les interactions face-à-face configurent un espace bureaucratique structuré par des références à la culture. À travers le processus de sélection, les individus deviennent ainsi les « eux » d’un « nous » Québécois ou Canadiens. Le désir d’intégrer ces immigrants devient réalité au prix de leur construction comme Autres.

La nouvelle immigration chinoise au Canada et au Québec dans le cadre de la mondialisation

Basée sur l’analyse des données officielles, cette recherche propose une étude sur le lien entre les nouveaux flux migratoires internationaux des Chinois, qui se produisent à partir des années 2000, et l’évolution des profils et des performances économiques des immigrants chinois au Canada et au Québec. Le but de ce mémoire est d’observer la quantité et la qualité de ces nouveaux arrivants vis-à-vis leurs performances après l’immigration. Les nouveaux immigrants en provenance de la Chine continentale sont différents des précédents dans la mesure où les riches et les élites sont devenus majoritaires. Ces nouveaux flux sont aussi accompagnés d’une forte croissance du nombre d’étudiants chinois qui font leurs études à l’international et du nombre d’immigrants de retour. Néanmoins, les résultats ne démontrent pas que leurs performances au Canada et au Québec s’améliorent même s’ils ont des profils plus qualifiés et plus jeunes. Évidemment, l’arrivée de ces immigrants chinois récents a des conséquences importantes. À cause des forts changements de la condition économique et sociale interne en Chine, ces flux de personnes ne cesseront pas de croître dans le futur proche. Ainsi, les décideurs du Canada et du Québec doivent porter plus d’attention et réagir au mieux face à cette tendance.

Rethinking the Attractiveness of EU Labour Immigration Policies: Comparative perspectives on the EU, the US, Canada and beyond

Is Europe's immigration policy attractive? One of the priorities driving current EU debates on labour immigration policies is the perceived need to boost Europe's attractiveness vis-á-vis 'talented' and 'highly skilled' immigrants. The EU sees itself playing a role in persuading immigrants to choose Europe over other competing destinations, such as the US or Canada. This book critically examines the determinants and challenges characterising discussions focused on the attractiveness of labour migration policies in the EU as well as other international settings. It calls for re-thinking some of the most commonly held premises and assumptions underlying the narratives of ‘attractiveness’ and ‘global competition for talent’ in migration policy debates. How can an immigration policy, in fact, be made to be ‘attractive’ and what are the incentives at play (if any)? A multidisciplinary team of leading scholars and experts in migration studies address the main issues and challenges related to the role played by rights and discrimination, qualifications and skills, and matching demand and supply in needs-based migration policies. The experiences in other jurisdictions such as South America, Canada and the United States are also covered: Are these countries indeed so ‘attractive’ and ‘competitive’, and if so what makes them more attractive than the EU? On the basis of the discussions and findings presented across the various contributions, the book identifies a number of priorities for policy formulation and design in the next generation of EU labour migration policies. In particular, it highlights important initiatives that the new European Commission should focus on in the years to come.

A visit to the United States and Canada in 1833 : with the view of settling in America, including a voyage to and from New-York /

The author's visit to Canada is narrated in two pages.

English: its role as the language of comity in an employment programme for Canadian immigrants.

This study explores the experiences of a culturally and linguistically diverse group of immigrant adult students as they attended a 12-week employment preparation course for newcomers to Canada. The main aim of the course was to equip the immigrants with knowledge and skills, including English for employment purposes, which are necessary to be competitive in the labour market. Using ethnographic methods, mainly participant observation with audio recording, to collect data, this paper analyses the communicative strategies that this group of multilingual speakers and their Canadian teachers deployed to discursively construct a ‘heterotopia’ defined here as ‘intensely affective spaces that redefine the experiential feeling of being and becoming’. Analysis of transcribed audio recordings reveals that despite differences in communication conventions and sociocultural backgrounds, the research participants from Congo, Haiti, India, Bangladesh, Jordan and the Philippines managed to establish a socially cohesive team that emphasises shared relational identity and in-group membership. The findings show how they creatively mobilised previously acquired pragmatic strategies and resources from their L1 to suit the demands of the ongoing interaction in English. It is suggested that language teaching in the context of preparing immigrants for labour market integration entails a pedagogical approach that foregrounds the affordances of English not only as the language of employment but perhaps more importantly as the ‘language of comity’. It is therefore suggested that the teaching of the host country’s language should focus less on grammatical correctness and focus more on providing the adult learners with opportunities to activate existing pragmatic resources and strategies which have to do with establishing rapport and friendly relations.

Screening for leprosy in immigrants: A decision analysis model

Almost all leprosy cases reported in industrialized countries occur amongst immigrants or refugees from developing countries where leprosy continues to be an important health issue. Screening for leprosy is an important question for governments in countries with immigration and refugee programmes. A decision analysis framework is used to evaluate leprosy screening. The analysis uses a set of criteria and parameters regarding leprosy screening, and available data to estimate the number of cases which would be detected by a leprosy screening programme of immigrants from countries with different leprosy prevalences, compared with a policy of waiting for immigrants who develop symptomatic clinical diseases to present for health care. In a cohort of 100,000 immigrants from high leprosy prevalence regions (3.6/10,000), screening would detect 32 of the 42 cases which would arise in the destination country over the 14 years after migration; from medium prevalence areas (0.7/10,000) 6.3 of the total 8.1 cases would be detected, and from low prevalence regions (0.2/10,600) 1.8 of 2.3 cases. Using Australian data, the migrant mix would produce 74 leprosy cases from 10 years intake; screening would detect 54, and 19 would be diagnosed subsequently after migration. Screening would only produce significant case-yield amongst immigrants from regions or social groups with high leprosy prevalence. Since the number of immigrants to Australia from countries of higher endemnicity is not large routine leprosy screening would have a small impact on case incidence.

The characteristics of NDM-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae from Canada

After recent hospitalization in India (New Delhi and Mumbai), 2 patients, on their return to Canada, presented with lower urinary tract infections due to multiresistant Klebsiella pneumoniae that produced New Delhi metall-beta-lactamase and CTX-M-15. The organisms belonged to clones ST147 and ST340, and were positive for aac(6`)-Ib-cr, as well as for the ccdAB and vagCD addiction systems. The bla(NDM) plasmid was located on the IncFIIA and IncA/C replicon groups of plasmids. Clones ST147 and ST340 are also responsible for harbouring bla(KPC), and it is possible that they played an important role in the intercontinental spread of antimicrobial resistance. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Beyond methodological nationalism: The contribution of Robert E. Park to the history of intercultural communication

The legacy of nineteenth century social theory followed a “nationalist” model of society, assuming that analysis of social realities depends upon national boundaries, taking the nation-state as the primary unit of analysis, and developing the concept of methodological nationalism. This perspective regarded the nation-state as the natural - and even necessary - form of society in modernity. Thus, the constitution of large cities, at the end of the 19th century, through the intense flows of immigrants coming from diverse political and linguistic communities posed an enormous challenge to all social research. One of the most significant studies responding to this set of issues was The Immigrant Press and its Control, by Robert E. Park, one of the most prominent American sociologists of the first half of the 20th century. The Immigrant Press and its Control was part of a larger project entitled Americanization Studies: The Acculturation of Immigrant Group into American Society, funded by the Carnagie Corporation following World War I, taking as its goal to study the so-called “Americanization methods” during the 1920s. This paper revisits that particular work by Park to reveal how his detailed analysis of the role of the immigrant press overcame the limitations of methodological nationalism. By granting importance to language as a tool uniting each community and by showing how the strength of foreign languages expressed itself through the immigrant press, Park demonstrated that the latter produces a more ambivalent phenomenon than simply the assimilation of immigrants. On the one hand, the immigrant press served as a connecting force, driven by the desire to preserve the mother tongue and culture while at the same time awakening national sentiments that had, until then, remained diffuse. Yet, on the other hand, it facilitated the adjustment of immigrants to the American context. As a result, Park’s work contributes to our understanding of a particular liminal moment inherent within many intercultural contexts, the space between emigrant identity (emphasizing the country of origin) and immigrant identity (emphasizing the newly adopted country). His focus on the role played by media in the socialization of immigrant groups presaged later work on this subject by communication scholars. Focusing attention on Park’s research leads to other studies of the immigrant experience from the same period (e.g., Thomas & Znaniecki, The Polish Peasant in Europe and America), and also to insights on multi-presence and interculturality as significant but often overlooked phenomena in the study of immigrant socialization.

Elämän pakkoraossa vai matkalla vaurauteen? : Savosta, Pohjois-Karjalasta ja Kainuusta 1918-1930 muuttaneiden siirtolaisten sopeutuminen Kanadaan

Väitöskirja, Joensuun yliopisto

Iowa Byways: The Official Guide to Iowa Byways, 2013

Browse through this guide and you’ll find the distinct flavor of what is available along each byway. Discover recreational, historic, cultural and scenic attractions using the maps and lists provided in the guide. You’ll find numbered attractions for each byway in or near the town listed. For a comprehensive list of byway features, visit www.iowabyways.org. Friendly local contacts are provided to help you along the way. Iowa Transportation Maps clearly tracking all the Iowa byways with red dotted lines are available at Iowa’s official welcome centers. Traveling Iowa’s byways you will experience small town America, while enjoying diverse landscapes and unique landforms that have been shaped over thousands of years. Iowa’s cultural heritage also plays a major role across all 11 byways, boasting hundreds of historic sites, national landmarks and interpretive centers, each telling Iowa’s stories from the first Native Americans through European immigrants to modern times. Glaciers once covered much of Iowa, shaping the broad flat plains of the prairie. These massive sheets of ice missed the northeast corner of the state, leaving the land along the Driftless Area Byway rugged and hilly with rock outcroppings, springs and cold water trout streams. Rivers coursed their way through the land, carving deep furrows in some places and leaving gently rolling hills in others. In western Iowa, wind has shaped fine sand into the impressive Loess Hills, a rare land form found in only one other place on earth. Iowa’s two national scenic byways and nine state byways offer unique varieties of scenic features, and more for you to see and do. View three states from atop a Mississippi River bluff, stop at a modern art museum and then tour a working farm. Explore a historic mill, visit a national aquarium, take a boat ride in a cave, purchase locally crafted pottery and wares from local artisans or trace the footsteps of Lewis and Clark. Experience the actual wagon ruts of the Mormon Trail, ride your bike 13 stories high, canoe a water trail, star gaze under Iowa’s darkest sky, and marvel at mounds built by prehistoric cultures. Agriculture wraps Iowa’s byways with an abundance of farmland vistas and fills Iowa lands with ever-changing crops and activities for you to “harvest.” You’ll see croplands on the vast flat plains and farmsteads sprinkled across rolling hills reminiscent of a Grant Wood painting. Along the way, you might wander in a corn maze, rest at a bed and breakfast, study farming in museums, discover the Iowa barn quilt collection or visit a working Amish farm. When you are ready to step outside your vehicle, you’ll find much more to do and see. Prairie, forests, rivers and public lands are abundant along Iowa’s byways; providing opportunities for you to stop and play in the outdoors with hiking, biking, kayaking and trout fishing. Classic hometowns with pride for their unique lore and offerings are found all along the byways. They invite you to taste local food, enjoy their architecture, and immerse yourself in the rich history and culture that defines them. Why not plan your next journey off the beaten path? No matter how you choose to make the most of every moment, we know that time spent along Iowa’s byways is sure to grow your love for Iowa’s diverse, beautiful vistas and authentic communities. Happy driving!