946 resultados para Imagens aéreas de pequeno formato
Processamento e restituição digital de fotografias aéreas coloridas para estudo da cobertura vegetal
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This work aimed to apply geoprocessing techniques to identify and to quantify the types of vegetal coverings in part of the county Botucatu – SP, having been divided into three phases: acquisition of data; georeferencing based on the digital topographic maps in 1:50000 scale and finally the thematic maps were generated. The methodology used to the analogical aerial photographics georeferencing showed efficient, considering that it was based on scientific procedures of residues
Processamento e restituição digital de fotografias aéreas coloridas para estudo da cobertura vegetal
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This work aimed to apply geoprocessing techniques to identify and to quantify the types of vegetal coverings in part of the county Botucatu – SP, having been divided into three phases: acquisition of data; georeferencing based on the digital topographic maps in 1:50000 scale and finally the thematic maps were generated. The methodology used to the analogical aerial photographics georeferencing showed efficient, considering that it was based on scientific procedures of residues analysis and the positioning central was classified as A, according to the Cartographic Precision Pattern.
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Essa dissertação tem o objetivo de verificar a contribuição de diferentes abordagens para extração de linhas, à classificação de imagens multiespectrais, com o possível uso na discriminação e mapeamento de classes de cobertura da terra. Nesse contexto, é efetuada a comparação entre diferentes técnicas de extração de características para extração de linhas de transmissão em áreas rurais, a saber, técnicas de realce utilizando variação de contraste e filtragem morfológica, bem como detecção de bordas utilizando filtro Canny e detector SUSAN, citando como técnica de extração de linhas a Transformada de Hough e Transformada de Radon, utilizando diferentes algoritmos, em imagens aéreas e de sensoriamento remoto. O processo de análise de imagens, com diferentes abordagens leva a resultados variados em diferentes tipos de coberturas do solo. Tais resultados foram avaliados e comparados produzindo tabelas de eficiência para cada procedimento. Estas tabelas direcionam a diferentes encaminhamentos, que vão variar de abordagem dependendo do objetivo final da extração das Linhas de Transmissão.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Energia na Agricultura) - FCA
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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Energia na Agricultura) - FCA
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
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Land use management has becoming a very important activity. Aerial photo interpretation is a basic resource and constitutes in a technique which enables infinite refining. Agricultural development and land use require a careful initial planning in order not only to protect them against superficial changing provoked by natural phenomenon but also to gradually develop its productive capacity. For the efficiency of land management, it is necessary to access correct and detailed information which can be available through aerial images of remote sensing. The use of vertical aerial photography through Remote Sensing has become more common in boundary survey projects, management and exploration, mainly because it substitutes, with lots of advantage, for cartographic bases, besides offering detailed characteristics, eliminating access difficulties in inaccessible areas, as well as facilitating a tridimensional view once it increases map efficiency and accuracy by combining field and laboratory work with photography interpretation. This work, using panchromatic aerial photography in nominal scale 1:25000 (1962), 1:45000 (1977) , and approximate nominal scale of 1:30.000, originating from aerial survey obtained in 2005, aimed at showing through the Geographic Information System (GIS) the possibility of developing a more complete and accurate analysis of the area values, obtained directly from photos without scale correction, and after comparing it with area values obtained from aerial photography with correct scale referred in IGC (Brazilian Cartography and Geography Institute) guidelines, resulting in an error coefficient which shows area differences through two proposed study. Considering the aerial photography in three different years: 1962, 1977 and 2005 it is possible to affirm that the 2005’s images presented lower values of area difference (43, 48 square meters) than determined area values in reference chart and the 2005’s colored images has facilitated the photo interpretation of the landscape, becoming accurate the confronting traces and among land owners and consequently offering precision during land marking.
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Esta tese propôs uma metodologia para detecção de áreas susceptíveis a deslizamentos de terra a partir de imagens aéreas, culminando no desenvolvimento de uma ferramenta computacional, denominada SASD/T, para testar a metodologia. Para justificar esta pesquisa, um levantamento sobre os desastres naturais da história brasileira relacionada a deslizamentos de terra e as metodologias utilizadas para a detecção e análise de áreas susceptíveis a deslizamentos de terra foi realizado. Estudos preliminares de visualização 3D e conceitos relacionados ao mapeamento 3D foram realizados. Estereoscopia foi implementada para visualizar tridimensionalmente a região selecionada. As altitudes foram encontradas através de paralaxe, a partir dos pontos homólogos encontrados pelo algoritmo SIFT. Os experimentos foram realizados com imagens da cidade de Nova Friburgo. O experimento inicial mostrou que o resultado obtido utilizando SIFT em conjunto com o filtro proposto, foi bastante significativo ao ser comparado com os resultados de Fernandes (2008) e Carmo (2010), devido ao número de pontos homólogos encontrados e da superfície gerada. Para detectar os locais susceptíveis a deslizamentos, informações como altitude, declividade, orientação e curvatura foram extraídas dos pares estéreos e, em conjunto com as variáveis inseridas pelo usuário, forneceram uma análise de quão uma determinada área é susceptível a deslizamentos. A metodologia proposta pode ser estendida para a avaliação e previsão de riscos de deslizamento de terra de qualquer outra região, uma vez que permite a interação com o usuário, de modo que este especifique as características, os itens e as ponderações necessárias à análise em questão.
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This dissertation introduces several methodological approaches which integrate a proposed coastal management model in an interdisciplinary perspective. The research presented herein is displayed as a set of publications comprising different thematic outlooks. The thesis develops an integrated coastal geoengineering approach which is intrinsically linked to the studied maritime environments. From sandy coasts and marine works to rocky platforms and sea cliffs, this study includes field work between Caminha – Figueira da Foz (NW Portugal) and Galicia (NW Spain). The research also involves an analysis and geological-geotechnical characterisation of natural rock (armourstone) and artificial units (concrete blocks) applied to coastal structures. The main goal is to contribute to the characterisation and re-evaluation of georesources and to determine armourstone suitability and availability from its source (quarry). It was also important to diagnose the geomaterials in situ concerning their degradation/deterioration level on the basis of the current status of the coastal protection works in order to facilitate more efficient monitoring and maintenance, with economic benefits. In the rocky coast approach the coastal blocks were studied along the platform, but also the geoforms were studied from a coastal morphodynamics point of view. A shoreline evolution analysis was developed for sandy coasts through Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) extension. In addition, the spatial and statistical analysis applied to sea cliffs allowed the establishment of susceptibility zones to erosion and hazardous areas. All of these studies have different purposes and results however, there is a common denominator – GIS mapping. Hence, apart from the studied coastal environment, there is an integrated system which includes a sequence of procedures and methodologies that persisted during the research period. This is a step forward in the study of different coastal environments by using almost the same methodologies. This will allow the characterisation, monitoring and assessment of coastal protection works, rocky coasts, and shore platforms. With such data, it is possible to propose or recommend strategies for coastal and shoreline management based on several justifications in terms of social, economic, and environmental questions, or even provide a GIS-based planning support system reinforced by geocartographic decisions. Overall the development of the applied cartography embraces six stages which will allow the production of detailed maps of the maritime environment: (1) high-resolution aerial imagery surveys; (2) visual inspection and systematic monitoring; (3) applied field datasheet; (4) in situ evaluation; (5) scanline surveying; and (6) GIS mapping. This thesis covers fundamental matters that were developed over the course of scientific publication and as a consequence they represent the results obtained and discussed. The subjects directly related to the thesis architecture are: (i) cartography applied to coastal dynamics (including an art historical analysis as a tool to comprehend the coastal evolution and the littoral zone); (ii) georesources assessment (the role of cartography in georesources zoning, assessment and armourstone durability); (iii) coastal geoengineering applications and monitoring (Espinho pilot site in NW Portugal as an experimental field); (iv) rocky coast and shore platform studies and characterisation; (v) sandy and mixed environment approaches; (vi) coastal geosciences GIS mapping and photogrammetric surveying (coastal geoengineering); and (vii) shoreline change mapping and coastal management strategies (the CartGalicia Project as an example – NW Spain). Finally, all of these thematic areas were crucial to generate the conceptual models proposed and to shape the future of integrated coastal coastal geoengineering management.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Pós-graduação em Ciências Cartográficas - FCT
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Energia na Agricultura) - FCA