Convenient synthetic routes to bidentate and monodentate 2-, 3- and 4-pyridyl phosphines: potentially useful ligands for water-soluble complex catalysts

The monodentate and bidentate pyridyl phosphines, PR3 and R2P(CH2)2PR2, where R=3- or 4-pyridyl can be prepared in high yields by treatment of butyllithium/TMEDA/3- or 4-bromopyridine with PCl3 or Cl2P(CH2)2PCl2 at low temperature. 1,2-Bis(di-2-pyridylphosphino)ethane is conveniently synthesised by an alternative route involving reaction of 1,2-dibromoethane with lithium di-2-pyridylphosphide.

Maxillary sinus floor elevation using the (transalveolar) osteotome technique with or without grafting material. Part I: Implant survival and patients' perception

OBJECTIVES: To analyze the survival and success rates of implants installed utilizing the (transalveolar) osteotome technique, to compare peri-implant soft tissue parameters and marginal bone levels of osteotome-installed implants with implants placed using standard surgical procedures, and to evaluate patient-centered outcomes. MATERIAL AND METHODS: During 2000 to 2005, 252 Straumann dental implants were inserted in 181 patients. The surgical technique was a modification of the original osteotome technique presented by Summers. In addition to the clinical examination, the patients were asked to give their perception of the surgical procedure, utilizing a visual analogue scale. RESULTS: The cumulative survival rate of the osteotome-installed implants after a mean follow-up time of 3.2 years, was 97.4% (95% confidence intervals: 94.4-98.8%). From the 252 implants inserted, three were lost before loading and another three were lost in the first and second year. According to residual bone height the survival was 91.3% for implant sites with < or =4 mm residual bone height, and 90% for sites with 4 mm and 5 mm, when compared with that of 100% in sites with bone height of above 5 mm. According to implant length the survival rates were 100% for 12 mm, 98.7% for 10 mm, 98.7% for 8 mm and only 47.6% for 6 mm implants. Soft tissue parameters (pocket probing depth, probing attachment level, bleeding on probing and marginal bone levels) did not yield any differences between the osteotome-installed and the conventionally placed implants. More than 90% of the patients were satisfied with the implant therapy and would undergo similar therapy again if necessary. The cost associated with implant therapy was considered to be justified. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, the osteotome technique was a reliable method for implant insertion in the posterior maxilla, especially at sites with 5 mm or more of preoperative residual bone height and a relatively flat sinus floor.

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy and extrapleural pneumonectomy of malignant pleural mesothelioma with or without hemithoracic radiotherapy (SAKK 17/04): a randomised, international, multicentre phase 2 trial

BACKGROUND Postoperative hemithoracic radiotherapy has been used to treat malignant pleural mesothelioma, but it has not been assessed in a randomised trial. We assessed high-dose hemithoracic radiotherapy after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and extrapleural pneumonectomy in patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. METHODS We did this phase 2 trial in two parts at 14 hospitals in Switzerland, Belgium, and Germany. We enrolled patients with pathologically confirmed malignant pleural mesothelioma; resectable TNM stages T1-3 N0-2, M0; WHO performance status 0-1; age 18-70 years. In part 1, patients were given three cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (cisplatin 75 mg/m(2) and pemetrexed 500 mg/m(2) on day 1 given every 3 weeks) and extrapleural pneumonectomy; the primary endpoint was complete macroscopic resection (R0-1). In part 2, participants with complete macroscopic resection were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive high-dose radiotherapy or not. The target volume for radiotherapy encompassed the entire hemithorax, the thoracotomy channel, and mediastinal nodal stations if affected by the disease or violated surgically. A boost was given to areas at high risk for locoregional relapse. The allocation was stratified by centre, histology (sarcomatoid vs epithelioid or mixed), mediastinal lymph node involvement (N0-1 vs N2), and T stage (T1-2 vs T3). The primary endpoint of part 1 was the proportion of patients achieving complete macroscopic resection (R0 and R1). The primary endpoint in part 2 was locoregional relapse-free survival, analysed by intention to treat. The trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00334594. FINDINGS We enrolled patients between Dec 7, 2005, and Oct 17, 2012. Overall, we analysed 151 patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy, of whom 113 (75%) had extrapleural pneumonectomy. Median follow-up was 54·2 months (IQR 32-66). 52 (34%) of 151 patients achieved an objective response. The most common grade 3 or 4 toxic effects were neutropenia (21 [14%] of 151 patients), anaemia (11 [7%]), and nausea or vomiting (eight [5%]). 113 patients had extrapleural pneumonectomy, with complete macroscopic resection achieved in 96 (64%) of 151 patients. We enrolled 54 patients in part 2; 27 in each group. The main reasons for exclusion were patient refusal (n=20) and ineligibility (n=10). 25 of 27 patients completed radiotherapy. Median total radiotherapy dose was 55·9 Gy (IQR 46·8-56·0). Median locoregional relapse-free survival from surgery, was 7·6 months (95% CI 4·5-10·7) in the no radiotherapy group and 9·4 months (6·5-11·9) in the radiotherapy group. The most common grade 3 or higher toxic effects related to radiotherapy were nausea or vomiting (three [11%] of 27 patients), oesophagitis (two [7%]), and pneumonitis (two [7%]). One patient died of pneumonitis. We recorded no toxic effects data for the control group. INTERPRETATION Our findings do not support the routine use of hemithoracic radiotherapy for malignant pleural mesothelioma after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and extrapleural pneumonectomy. FUNDING Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research, Swiss State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation, Eli Lilly.

The lives of the principal reformers, both Englishmen and foreigners. : Comprehending the general history of the Reformation; from its beginning, in 1360, by Dr. John Wickliffe, to its establishment, in 1600, under Queen Elizabeth. : With an introduction; wherein the Reformation is amply vindicated, and its necessity fully shewn, from the degeneracy of the clergy, and the tyranny of the popes. /

Page 75 misnumbered 73.

Statistical guidelines for the analysis of data obtained from one or both eyes

Purpose - Measurements obtained from the right and left eye of a subject are often correlated whereas many statistical tests assume observations in a sample are independent. Hence, data collected from both eyes cannot be combined without taking this correlation into account. Current practice is reviewed with reference to articles published in three optometry journals, viz., Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics (OPO), Optometry and Vision Science (OVS), Clinical and Experimental Optometry (CEO) during the period 2009–2012. Recent findings - Of the 230 articles reviewed, 148/230 (64%) obtained data from one eye and 82/230 (36%) from both eyes. Of the 148 one-eye articles, the right eye, left eye, a randomly selected eye, the better eye, the worse or diseased eye, or the dominant eye were all used as selection criteria. Of the 82 two-eye articles, the analysis utilized data from: (1) one eye only rejecting data from the adjacent eye, (2) both eyes separately, (3) both eyes taking into account the correlation between eyes, or (4) both eyes using one eye as a treated or diseased eye, the other acting as a control. In a proportion of studies, data were combined from both eyes without correction. Summary - It is suggested that: (1) investigators should consider whether it is advantageous to collect data from both eyes, (2) if one eye is studied and both are eligible, then it should be chosen at random, and (3) two-eye data can be analysed incorporating eyes as a ‘within subjects’ factor.

Coordination polymeric structures in the sodium salt of 4-chloro-3-nitrobenzoic acid and the sodium and potassium salts of 4-nitroanthranilic acid

The structures of the hydrated sodium salts of 4-chloro-3-nitrobenzoic acid {poly[aqua(μ4-4-chloro-3-nitrobenzoato)sodium(I)], [Na(C7H3ClNO4)(H2O)]n, (I)} and 2-amino-4-nitrobenzoic acid {poly[μ-aqua-aqua(μ3-2-amino-4-nitrobenzoato)sodium(I)], [Na(C7H5N2O4)(H2O)2]n, (II)}, and the hydrated potassium salt of 2-amino-4-nitrobenzoic acid {poly[μ-aqua-aqua(μ5-2-amino-4-nitrobenzoato)potassium(I)], [K(C7H5N2O4)(H2O)]n, (III)} have been determined and their complex polymeric structures described. All three structures are stabilized by intra- and intermolecular hydrogen bonding and strong π–π ring interactions. In the structure of (I), the distorted trigonal bipyrimidal NaO5 coordination polyhedron comprises a monodentate water molecule and four bridging carboxylate O-atom donors, generating a two-dimensional polymeric structure lying parallel to (001). Intra-layer hydrogen-bonding associations and strong inter-ring π–π interactions are present. Structure (II) has a distorted octahedral NaO6 stereochemistry, with four bridging O-atom donors, two from a single carboxylate group and two from a single nitro group and three from the two water molecules, one of which is bridging. Na centres are linked through centrosymmetric four-membered duplex water bridges and through 18-membered duplex head-to-tail ligand bridges. Similar centrosymmetric bridges are found in the structure of (III), and in both (II) and (III) strong inter-ring π–π interactions are found. A two-dimensional layered structure lying parallel to (010) is generated in (II), whereas in (III) the structure is three-dimensional. With (III), the irregular KO7 coordination polyhedron comprises a doubly bridging water molecule, a single bidentate bridging carboxylate O-atom donor and three bridging O-atom donors from the two nitro groups. A three-dimensional structure is generated. These coordination polymer structures are among the few examples of metal complexes of any type with either 4-chloro-3-nitrobenzoic acid or 4-nitroanthranilic acid.

Sustaining productivity of a Vertosol at Warra, Queensland, with fertilisers, no-tillage or legumes. 8. Effect of duration of lucerne ley on soil nitrogen and water, wheat yield and protein.

Soil nitrogen (N) supply in the Vertosols of southern Queensland, Australia has steadily declined as a result of long-term cereal cropping without N fertiliser application or rotations with legumes. Nitrogen-fixing legumes such as lucerne may enhance soil N supply and therefore could be used in lucerne-wheat rotations. However, lucerne leys in this subtropical environment can create a soil moisture deficit, which may persist for a number of seasons. Therefore, we evaluated the effect of varying the duration of a lucerne ley (for up to 4 years) on soil N increase, N supply to wheat, soil water changes, wheat yields and wheat protein on a fertility-depleted Vertosol in a field experiment between 1989 and 1996 at Warra (26degrees 47'S, 150degrees53'E), southern Queensland. The experiment consisted of a wheat-wheat rotation, and 8 treatments of lucerne leys starting in 1989 (phase 1) or 1990 (phase 2) for 1,2,3 or 4 years duration, followed by wheat cropping. Lucerne DM yield and N yield increased with increasing duration of lucerne leys. Soil N increased over time following 2 years of lucerne but there was no further significant increase after 3 or 4 years of lucerne ley. Soil nitrate concentrations increased significantly with all lucerne leys and moved progressively downward in the soil profile from 1992 to 1995. Soil water, especially at 0.9-1.2 m depth, remained significantly lower for the next 3 years after the termination of the 4 year lucerne ley than under continuous wheat. No significant increase in wheat yields was observed from 1992 to 1995, irrespective of the lucerne ley. However, wheat grain protein concentrations were significantly higher under lucerne-wheat than under wheat wheat rotations for 3-5 years. The lucerne yield and soil water and nitrate-N concentrations were satisfactorily simulated with the APSIM model. Although significant N accretion occurred in the soil following lucerne leys, in drier seasons, recharge of the drier soil profile following long duration lucerne occurred after 3 years. Consequently, 3- and 4-year lucerne-wheat rotations resulted in more variable wheat yields than wheat-wheat rotations in this region. The remaining challenge in using lucerne-wheat rotations is balancing the N accretion benefits with plant-available water deficits, which are most likely to occur in the highly variable rainfall conditions of this region.

Algumas Contribuições para Algoritmos de Controle de Filtros Ativos e Híbridos Conectados em Paralelo com Redes Elétricas Trifásicas a 3 ou a 4 Fios.

Este trabalho apresenta contribuições para algoritmos de controle utilizados em filtros ativos e híbridos conectados em redes elétricas trifásicas a 3 ou a 4 fios. Em relação aos algoritmos de controle para filtros ativos, a contribuição consiste em estender o conceito da filtragem harmônica seletiva para compensação de correntes harmônicas e desequilibradas em uma rede trifásica a 4 fios. Esses algoritmos derivam dos conceitos utilizados na teoria da potência instantânea (teoria pq), em conjunto com um circuito de sincronismo PLL. É importante ressaltar que estes algoritmos não utilizam as correntes consumidas pelas cargas, ou seja, apenas as tensões no ponto da rede onde o filtro está conectado são utilizadas para determinação das correntes harmônicas de referência. Apenas as correntes na saída do conversor são utilizadas como realimentação do controle PWM. Estes algoritmos também foram utilizados no filtro híbrido para compensação de correntes harmônicas em uma rede trifásica a 3 fios. Por fim foi feito uma alteração nesses algoritmos de controle que permite eliminar as correntes utilizadas na realimentação do controle PWM. Resultados de simulação são apresentados com objetivo de observar o comportamento desses algoritmos tanto no filtro ativo quanto no híbrido nas condições mencionadas.

青鳉与三刺鱼嗅觉受体(OR)基因的鉴定与进化分析

嗅觉是动物至关重要的感官,而嗅觉受体基因则构成了嗅觉的基础.嗅觉受体跟环境气味分子的相互作用被认为是嗅觉过程发生的第一步.气味分子结合被认为发生在由跨膜区形成的一个口袋结构中,而直接结合位点叫做绑定位点.以往的研究显示,绑定位点可能因为功能分化而受到正向选择.本研究对青鳉和三刺鱼的基因组中鉴定了OR基因,并对这些序列进行了进化分析.通过不同跨膜区与整个编码区的选择压力的比较,发现跨膜区4,5,6有较高的平均Ka/Ks值,这可能在某种程度上由正向选择所致.同时发现,许多受正向选择的位点主要分布在跨膜区.通过

The lung cancer exercise training study: a randomized trial of aerobic training, resistance training, or both in postsurgical lung cancer patients: rationale and design.

BACKGROUND: The Lung Cancer Exercise Training Study (LUNGEVITY) is a randomized trial to investigate the efficacy of different types of exercise training on cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2peak), patient-reported outcomes, and the organ components that govern VO2peak in post-operative non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. METHODS/DESIGN: Using a single-center, randomized design, 160 subjects (40 patients/study arm) with histologically confirmed stage I-IIIA NSCLC following curative-intent complete surgical resection at Duke University Medical Center (DUMC) will be potentially eligible for this trial. Following baseline assessments, eligible participants will be randomly assigned to one of four conditions: (1) aerobic training alone, (2) resistance training alone, (3) the combination of aerobic and resistance training, or (4) attention-control (progressive stretching). The ultimate goal for all exercise training groups will be 3 supervised exercise sessions per week an intensity above 70% of the individually determined VO2peak for aerobic training and an intensity between 60 and 80% of one-repetition maximum for resistance training, for 30-45 minutes/session. Progressive stretching will be matched to the exercise groups in terms of program length (i.e., 16 weeks), social interaction (participants will receive one-on-one instruction), and duration (30-45 mins/session). The primary study endpoint is VO2peak. Secondary endpoints include: patient-reported outcomes (PROs) (e.g., quality of life, fatigue, depression, etc.) and organ components of the oxygen cascade (i.e., pulmonary function, cardiac function, skeletal muscle function). All endpoints will be assessed at baseline and postintervention (16 weeks). Substudies will include genetic studies regarding individual responses to an exercise stimulus, theoretical determinants of exercise adherence, examination of the psychological mediators of the exercise - PRO relationship, and exercise-induced changes in gene expression. DISCUSSION: VO2peak is becoming increasingly recognized as an outcome of major importance in NSCLC. LUNGEVITY will identify the optimal form of exercise training for NSCLC survivors as well as provide insight into the physiological mechanisms underlying this effect. Overall, this study will contribute to the establishment of clinical exercise therapy rehabilitation guidelines for patients across the entire NSCLC continuum. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT00018255.

Neonatal pain, parenting stress and interaction, in relation to cognitive and motor development at 8 and 18 months in preterm infants

Procedural pain in the neonatal intensive care unit triggers a cascade of physiological, behavioral and hormonal disruptions which may contribute to altered neurodevelopment in infants born very preterm, who undergo prolonged hospitalization at a time of physiological immaturity and rapid brain development. The aim of this study was to examine relationships between cumulative procedural pain (number of skin-breaking procedures from birth to term, adjusted for early illness severity and overall intravenous morphine exposure), and later cognitive, motor abilities and behavior in very preterm infants at 8 and 18 months corrected chronological age (CCA), and further, to evaluate the extent to which parenting factors modulate these relationships over time. Participants were N=211 infants (n=137 born preterm 32 weeks gestational age [GA] and n=74 full-term controls) followed prospectively since birth. Infants with significant neonatal brain injury (periventricular leucomalacia, grade 3 or 4 intraventricular hemorrhage) and/or major sensori-neural impairments, were excluded. Poorer cognition and motor function were associated with higher number of skin-breaking procedures, independent of early illness severity, overall intravenous morphine, and exposure to postnatal steroids. The number of skin-breaking procedures as a marker of neonatal pain was closely related to days on mechanical ventilation. In general, greater overall exposure to intravenous morphine was associated with poorer motor development at 8 months, but not at 18 months CCA, however, specific protocols for morphine administration were not evaluated. Lower parenting stress modulated effects of neonatal pain, only on cognitive outcome at 18 months.

Exendin-4 attenuates adverse cardiac remodelling in streptozocin-induced diabetes via specific actions on infiltrating macrophages

In addition to its' established metabolic and cardioprotective effects, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) reduces post-infarction heart failure via preferential actions on the extracellular matrix (ECM). Here, we investigated whether the GLP-1 mimetic, exendin-4, modulates cardiac remodelling in experimental diabetes by specifically targeting inflammatory/ECM pathways, which are characteristically dysregulated in this setting. Adult mice were subjected to streptozotocin (STZ) diabetes and infused with exendin-4/insulin/saline from 0 to 4 or 4-12 weeks. Exendin-4 and insulin improved metabolic parameters in diabetic mice after 12 weeks, but only exendin-4 reduced cardiac diastolic dysfunction and interstitial fibrosis in parallel with altered ECM gene expression. Whilst myocardial inflammation was not evident at 12 weeks, CD11b-F4/80(++) macrophage infiltration at 4 weeks was increased and reduced by exendin-4, together with an improved cytokine profile. Notably, media collected from high glucose-treated macrophages induced cardiac fibroblast differentiation, which was prevented by exendin-4, whilst several cytokines/chemokines were differentially expressed/secreted by exendin-4-treated macrophages, some of which were modulated in STZ exendin-4-treated hearts. Our findings suggest that exendin-4 preferentially protects against ECM remodelling and diastolic dysfunction in experimental diabetes via glucose-dependent modulation of paracrine communication between infiltrating macrophages and resident fibroblasts, thereby indicating that cell-specific targeting of GLP-1 signalling may be a viable therapeutic strategy in this setting.

Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy with or without panitumumab in patients with wild-type KRAS, locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC): a randomized, multicenter, phase II trial SAKK 41/07.

BACKGROUND: We conducted a randomized, phase II, multicenter study to evaluate the anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mAb panitumumab (P) in combination with chemoradiotherapy (CRT) with standard-dose capecitabine as neoadjuvant treatment for wild-type KRAS locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients with wild-type KRAS, T3-4 and/or N+ LARC were randomly assigned to receive CRT with or without P (6 mg/kg). The primary end-point was pathological near-complete or complete tumor response (pNC/CR), defined as grade 3 (pNCR) or 4 (pCR) histological regression by Dworak classification (DC). RESULTS: Forty of 68 patients were randomly assigned to P + CRT and 28 to CRT. pNC/CR was achieved in 21 patients (53%) treated with P + CRT [95% confidence interval (CI) 36%-69%] versus 9 patients (32%) treated with CRT alone (95% CI: 16%-52%). pCR was achieved in 4 (10%) and 5 (18%) patients, and pNCR in 17 (43%) and 4 (14%) patients. In immunohistochemical analysis, most DC 3 cells were not apoptotic. The most common grade ≥3 toxic effects in the P + CRT/CRT arm were diarrhea (10%/6%) and anastomotic leakage (15%/4%). CONCLUSIONS: The addition of panitumumab to neoadjuvant CRT in patients with KRAS wild-type LARC resulted in a high pNC/CR rate, mostly grade 3 DC. The results of both treatment arms exceeded prespecified thresholds. The addition of panitumumab increased toxicity.

Recueil de lettres et de pièces originales, et de copies de pièces indiquées comme telles dans le dépouillement qui suit.

Contient : 1 Lettre du roi « HENRY [II]... à monseigneur de Contay, gentilhomme ordinaire de ma chambre... Escript à Villiers Costerez, le IIe jour de aoust M.V.C.XLIX » ; 2 Lettre de « MONTMORENCY,... à monseigneur de Contey, gentilhomme ordinaire de la chambre du roy... Escript à Villiers Costeretz, le IIme jour d'aoust M.V.C.XLIX » ; 3 « Lettre escripte de Saleurre à monseigneur le connestable et cardinal de Lorraine par messrs [CHARLES DE MARILLAC, évêque] de Vannes, et SAINCT LAURENS, le XIXe jour de febvrier 1553 ». Copie ; 4 « Lettre escripte à madame la duchesse de Valentinoys, de Bade, le XIe mars mil V.C.LIII, par messrs [CHARLES DE MARILLAC, évêque] de Vannes, BASSEFONTEINE et SAINCT LAURENS ». Copie ; 5 Lettre de « C[HARLES DE] MARILLAC,... [évêque] de Vannes, DE BASSEFONTAINE, SAINCT LAURENS,... au roy... De Bade, le premier jour de mars 1553 ». Copie ; 6 Lettre de « C[HARLES DE] MARILLAC, [évêque] de Vannes, BASSEFONTEINE, Sr LAURENS,... au roy... De Bade, le VIe jour de mars... 1553 ». Copie ; 7 « Lettre à monseigneur le connestable, du sixiesme jour de mars 1553, de Bade, par messrs... C[HARLES DE] MARILLAC,... [évêque] de Vannes, BASSEFONTAINE et SAINCT LAURENS ». Copie ; 8 « Lettre à monseigneur le cardinal de Lorreine, du sixiesme jour de mars... 1553... à Bade, par messrs [CHARLES DE MARILLAC, évêque] de Vannes, BASSEFONTEINE et ST LAURENS ». Copie ; 9 « Lettre au roy, du unziesme jour de mars, de Bade, par messrs [CHARLES DE MARILLAC, évêque] de Vannes, BASSEFONTEINE et SAINCT LAURENS ». Copie ; 10 « Lettre à monseigneur le connestable, de Bade, du unziesme jour de mars 1553, par messrs [CHARLES DE MARILLAC, évêque] de Vannes, BASSEFONTAINE et SAINCT LAURENS ». Copie ; 11 Lettre « à monseigneur le cardinal de Lorreine, adjousté avecques la precedante escripte à monseigneur le connestable ». Copie ; 12 « Lettre du deputé du marquis [Albert de Brandebourg], du XIIIe jour de mars [M.]V.C.LIIII, envoyée à messrs [Charles de Marillac, évêque] de Vannes, de Bassefonteine et Sainct Laurens,... De Schafesz, ce 13 mars 1554 ». Copie ; 13 « Lettre envoyée à monseigneur le connestable par messrs [CHARLES DE MARILLAC, évêque] de Vannes, et SAINCT LAURENS. De Basle, le XIIIIe jour de mars 1553 ». Copie ; 14 « Lettre du XIIIIe jour de mars, de Basle, à monseigneur le cardinal de Lorreine, par messieurs [CHARLES DE MARILLAC, évêque] de Vannes, et ST LAURENS ». Copie ; 15 « Lettre du roy... HENRY [II]... du XIXe jour de mars mil V.C.LIII, envoyée en Suisse à messrs [Charles de Marillac, évêque] de Vannes, et Sainct Laurens, le XXIIIe dudict mois. Escript à Fontainebleau ». Copie ; 16 « Lettre de monseigneur le connestable... [ANNE DE] MONTMORANCY,... du XIXe jour de mars 1553, à messrs [Charles de Marillac, évêque] de Vannes, et Sainct Laurens, estans en Suisse... Escript à Fontainebleau ». Copie ; 17 « Translat de la lettre escripte au Sr de Bassefonteine par le deputé du marquis Albert de Brandebourg, du XXVIe mars 1554 » ; 18 « Lettre de N., receue à Saleurre, le XXVme mars mil cinq cens cinquante quatre ». Copie ; 19 « Lettre de monseigneur le connestable... [ANNE DE] MONTMORANCY,... du XXIIIIe jour de mars mil V.C.LIIII, escripte à messrs [Charles de Marillac, évêque] de Vannes, Bassefontaine et Sainct Laurens,... Escript à Fontainebleau ». Copie ; 20 « Lettre envoyée à monseigneur le connestable par messrs [CHARLES DE MARILLAC, évêque] de Vannes, BASSEFONTEINE et SAINCT LAURENS. De Soleurre, le XVIIIe jour de mars » ; 21 « Lettre escripte à monseigneur le connestable par messrs [CHARLES DE MARILLAC, évêque] de Vannes, BASSEFONTEINE et SAINCT LAURENS,... De Saleurre, le premier jour d'apvril 1554 ». Copie ; 22 « Lettre escripte à monseigneur le cardinal de Lorraine par messrs [CHARLES DE MARILLAC, évêque] de Vannes, BASSEFONTEINE et SAINCT LAURENS,... De Saleurre, le premier jour d'apvril 1554 ». Copie ; 23 « Lettre escripte au roy par messrs [CHARLES DE MARILLAC, évêque] de Vannes, et DE BASSEFONTENNE,... A Soleurre, le VIe jour d'apvril 1554 ». Copie ; 24 Lettre « à monseigneur le connestable... par messrs [CHARLES DE MARILLAC, évêque] de Vannes, et BASSEFONTENNE,... De Soleurre, le VIe apvril 1554 ». Copie ; 25 Lettre « à messieurs le cardinal de Guyse et de Lorrenne, du VIe apvril 1554, par messieurs [CHARLES DE MARILLAC, évêque] de Vannes, et BASSEFONTENNE,... De Soleurre, le VIe apvril 1554 ». Copie ; 26 « Discours de la negociation passée entre » Charles de Marillac, évêque de Vannes, de Bassefontaine et de Saint-Laurent, « et le deputé du marquis Albert de Brandebourg,... Faict à Soleurre, le sixiesme jour du moys d'apvril, l'an mil cinq cens cinquante quatre ». A la suite le « Traicté ». Copie ; 27 Lettre du « roy... HENRY [II]... à messieurs [Charles de Marillac, évêque] de Vannes, Bassefontenne et Sainct Laurens,... Escript à Fonteinebleau, le XXIXe jour de mars 1554 ». Copie ; 28 Lettre « de monseigneur le connestable [ANNE DE] MONTMORANCY » à MM. Charles de Marillac, évêque de Vannes, de Bassefontaine et de Saint Laurent. « Escript à Fontennebleau, ce XXIXe mars 1554 ». Copie ; 29 Lettre de « DIANNE DE POICTIE » à MM. Charles de Marillac, évêque de Vannes, de Bassefontaine et de Saint-Laurent. « A Fonteinebleau, ce XIXe jour de mars 1554 ». Copie ; 30 Lettre du « roy... HENRY [II]... à messieurs [Charles de Marillac, évêque] de Vannes, et de Bassefonteine,... Escript à Meudon, le XIIIe jour d'avril 1554, apres Pasques ». Copie ; 31 Lettre de « monseigneur le connestable... [ANNE DE] MONTMORANCY,... à messrs [Charles de Marillac, évêque] de Vannes, et de Bassefonteine,... De Meudon, le XIIIe apvril 1554 ». Copie ; 32 « Lectre que le marquis ALBERT DE BRANDEBOURG escript au roy, la coppie de laquelle le dict Sr roy a envoyé à messrs [Charles de Marillac, évêque] de Vannes, et de Bassefonteine,... De Dannen, ce IXe jour d'apvril 1554 ». Copie ; 33 « Lectre escripte au roy par monseigneur [CHARLES DE MARILLAC, évêque] de Vannes, le XVIIIe avril 1554. De Soleurre ». Copie ; 34 Lettre du « Sr [CHARLES DE MARILLAC, évêque] de Vannes, à monseigneur le connestable... De Soleurre, le XVIIIe jour d'avril 1554 ». Copie ; 35 Lettre de « l'advoyer et conseil de Berne... à... monsieur le duc de Nemours,... Donné ce XXe d'aougst 1556 » ; 36 Lettre, en italien, d'«el duca di Ferrara », HERCULE II D'EST, au duc de Nemours. « Da Ferrara, alli V giugno 1557 » ; 37 Lettre, en italien, d'«el duca di Ferrara », HERCULE II D'EST, au duc de Nemours. « Da Ferrara, il VII maggio 1557 » ; 38 Lettre, en italien, d'«el duca di Ferrara [HERCULE II D'EST]... alla... duchessa di Guisa,... Di Ferrara, alli VIII di maggio 1554 » ; 39 Lettre de « CLAUDE DE LORRAINE [duc D'AUMALE]... à monsieur le duc de Nemours,... A Maulny, ce XXVe jour de mars 1555 » ; 40 Lettre de « SANSAC,... à monsieur... le duc de Nemours, cappitaine general de la cavallerye legere... A Abbeville, ce VIe jour d'octobre 1553 » ; 41 Lettre, en italien, d'«ANNE D'ALENSON,... marchesa DI MONFERRATO », au duc de Nemours. « Di Mantova, lo IIII di febraro M.D.LVII » ; 42 Lettre, en italien, de GUILLAUME, « duca DI MANTOVA », au duc de Nemours. « Di Mantova, lo III di febraro del M.D.LVII » ; 43 Lettre, en italien, de « MARGARETA, duchessa DI MANTOVA », au duc de Nemours. « Di Mantova, lo IIII di febraro M.D.LVII » ; 44 Lettre, en italien, de GUI UBALD II DE LA ROVERE, « duca D'URBINO,... all' illustrissimo signore... il duca [de] Nemors,... Di Pesaro, li IIII di marzo del [M.D.]LVII » ; 45 « Double des lectres de messrs les generaulx de Mompellier pour les gens du roy en la court de parlement à Thoulouse... De Thoulouse, ce XXe jour du moys de novembre mil V.C.L » ; 46 Mémoire pour Alphonse II, duc de Ferrare, prenant fait et cause pour Jacques Corcol contre Guillaume Le Chandellier, se disant receveur du domaine de Lyons, dans le comté de Gisors ; 47 Donation de « Renée de France, doueriere de Ferrare... à... madame Lucresse d'Est », duchesse d'Urbin, sa fille. Minute ; 48 Nouvelles envoyées de « Nerbonne, le VIIIme de jung... 1548 »

Emergence of normative beliefs legitimizing antisocial behaviour in adolescents : the roles of monitoring, attachment, and temperament /

Beliefs about the rightness or wrongness of engaging in various antisocial acts, referred to here as nonnative beliefs legitimizing antisocial behaviour (nblab), have been shown to playa role in the emergence oflater antisocial behaviour. The current study represented an attempt to understand whether parental monitoring and parent-child attachment have differential relationships with these antisocial nonnative beliefs in adolescents of different temperaments. The participants, 7135 adolescents in 25 high schools (ages 10- 18 years, M = 15.7) completed a wide-ranging questionnaire as part of the broad Youth Lifestyle Choices - Community University Research Alliance project, whose goal is to identify and describe the major developmental pathways of risk behaviours and resilience in youth. Two aspects of monitoring (monitoring knowledge and surveillance/tracking), attachment security, and two measures of temperament (activity level and approach) were examined for main effects and in interactions as predictors of adolescent nonnative beliefs. All of these measures were based on adolescent self-ratings on either 3- or 4-point Likert-type scales. Several important results emerged from the study. Males were higher than females in nblab; parental monitoring knowledge and adolescent attachment security were negatively related to nblab; and temperamental activity level was positively related. Monitoring knowledge, the strongest of the predictors, was much more strongly related to nonnative beliefs than was parental surveillance/tracking, supporting the contention that it is how much parents actually know, and not their surveillance efforts, that predict adolescent nonnative beliefs. A surprising finding that is of the utmost importance was that, although several of the interactions tested were significant, none were considered to be of a meaningful magnitude (defined as sr^ > .01). The current study supported the suggestion that normative beliefs legitimizing antisocial behaviour are multiply determined, and the results were discussed with respect to the observed differential relations of parental monitoring, parent-child attachment, temperament, age, and gender to antisocial normative beliefs in adolescents. Also discussed were the need to test other parenting, temperament, and other variables that may be involved in the development of nblab; the need to directly test possible mechanisms explaining the links among the variables; and the usefulness of longitudinal research in determining possible directions of causality and developmental changes in the relationships.