Tratamento do tromboembolismo pulmonar maciço por fragmentação percutânea do trombo

OBJETIVOS: Avaliar a segurança e a eficácia da fragmentação percutânea do trombo (FPT) no tromboembolismo pulmonar (TEP) maciço em pacientes com contra-indicação à administração de trombolíticos. MÉTODOS: Entre julho de 1999 e agosto de 2005, 10 pacientes (7 homens, 3 mulheres, idade média de 57±18 anos) com TEP maciço e contra-indicação à administração de trombolíticos foram submetidos a FPT. A saturação arterial de oxigênio (Sat.O2), índice de Walsh (IW), pressão arterial pulmonar média (PAP), pressão arterial sistêmica média (PAS) e função ventricular direita (FVD) ao ecocardiograma Doppler transtorácico foram avaliados pré e pós-procedimento. Foi realizada análise estatística por meio do teste de Wilcoxon pareado, sendo p significativo quando < 0,05. RESULTADOS: Após o tratamento por FPT houve melhora da Sat. O2 [87,4±1,3% vs 92,3±3,1% (p<0,001)], do IW [6,4±1,07 vs 4,4±1,42 (p=0,003), PAP [31,8±4,6 mmHg vs 25,5±3,4 mmHg (p<0,001)] e PAS [73,9±8,7 vs 85±8,3 (p=0,001). A FVD pré-procedimento percutâneo era grave nos 10 pacientes, porém até o 10º dia após a FPT passou a ser normal ou discreta em 8 e moderada em 1. Não houve complicações técnicas ou do sítio vascular de acesso relacionadas a FPT. Houve 1 óbito hospitalar (10%). O paciente em questão foi o único em quem não se obteve sucesso com o procedimento. CONCLUSÃO: A FPT mostrou-se segura pela ausência de complicações relacionadas ao procedimento. A melhora na Sat.O2, no IW, na PAP, na PAS e na FVD em 90% dos casos, revelaram a eficácia do procedimento, sugerindo ser esse uma alternativa no tratamento do TEP maciço em pacientes com contra-indicação à trombolíticos sistêmicos.

Fibrilação atrial no pós-operatório de cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdio: características do perfil clínico associadas a óbitos hospitalares

OBJETIVO: Identificar fatores associados à maior chance de óbitos hospitalares em pacientes submetidos a revascularização cirúrgica do miocárdio (RM), que tenham apresentado fibrilação atrial (FA) no pós-operatório. MÉTODOS: No período de 2000 a 2003, foi analisada uma série consecutiva de 397 pacientes submetidos a RM que desenvolveram FA no pós-operatório. Esses pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos (G), sendo o G1 formado pelos pacientes que sobreviveram (n=369) e o G2, por aqueles que faleceram na fase hospitalar (n=28). Foram realizados os testes t de Student e do qui-quadrado, sendo p significativo quando < 0,05. RESULTADOS: A análise comparativa entre o G1 e o G2 demonstrou não haver diferença entre os grupos quanto a idade (67,3 ± 8,4 anos vs 69,3 ± 9,6 anos; p = 0,4), sexo masculino (75,9% vs 64,3%; p = 0,1), hipertensão arterial sistêmica (75,3% vs 85,7%; p = 0,2) e insuficiência cardíaca congestiva (17% vs 17%; p = 1). O G2 apresentou maiores taxas de infarto agudo do miocárdio prévio (14,6% vs 28,6%; p = 0,05), fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo < 40% (12,2% vs 32,1%; p = 0,003), acidente vascular encefálico prévio (0,8% vs 17,9%; p = 0,03), intervenção coronariana percutânea prévia (19,5% vs 39,3%; p = 0,01), e revascularização cirúrgica do miocárdio prévia (19,3% vs 35,7%; p = 0,03). CONCLUSÃO: Antecedentes de infarto agudo do miocárdio, RM, intervenção coronariana percutânea, acidente vascular encefálico e déficit ventricular grave foram mais freqüentes no grupo que faleceu na fase hospitalar, sugerindo possível associação entre esses fatores e maior chance de óbito no pós-operatório de RM.

Report on the scientific results of the voyage of S.Y. "Scotia" during the years 1902, 1903 and 1904, under the leadership of William S. Bruce.

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Report on the scientific results of the voyage of S.Y. "Scotia" during the years 1902, 1903 and 1904, under the leadership of William S. Bruce.

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Report on the scientific results of the voyage of S.Y. "Scotia" during the years 1902, 1903 and 1904, under the leadership of William S. Bruce.

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Report on the scientific results of the voyage of S.Y. "Scotia" during the years 1902, 1903 and 1904, under the leadership of William S. Bruce.

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Report on the scientific results of the voyage of S.Y. "Scotia" during the years 1902, 1903 and 1904, under the leadership of William S. Bruce.

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The Irish Pub: past, present – whither the future?

The purpose of this research is to examine the main economic, legislative, and socio- cultural factors that are currently influencing the pub trade in Ireland and their specific impact on a sample of publicans in both Galway city and county. In approaching this task the author engaged in a comprehensive literature review on the origin, history and evolution of the Irish pub; examined the socio-cultural and economic role of the public house in Ireland and developed a profile of the Irish pub by undertaking a number of semi-structured interviews with pub owners from the area. In doing so, the author obtained the views and opinions of the publicans on the current state of their businesses, the extent to which patterns of trade have changed over recent years, the challenges and factors currently influencing their trade, the actions they believed to be necessary to promote the trade and address perceived difficulties and how they viewed the future of the pub business within the framework of the current regulatory regime. In light of this research, the author identified a number of key findings and put forward a series of recommendations designed to promote the future success and development of the pub trade in Ireland. The research established that public houses are currently operating under a very unfavourable regulatory framework that has resulted in the serious decline of the trade over the last decade. This decline appears to have coincided initially with the introduction of the ban on smoking in the workplace and was exacerbated further by the advent of more severe drink-driving laws, especially mandatory breath testing. Other unfavourable conditions include the high levels of excise duty, value added tax and local authority commercial rates. In addition to these regulatory factors, the research established that a major impediment to the pub trade is the unfair competition from supermarkets and other off-licence retail outlets and especially to the phenomenon of the below-cost selling of alcohol. The recession has also been a major contributory factor to the decline in the trade as also has been the trend towards lifestyle changes and home drinking mirroring the practice in some continental European countries.

Circulatory and Ventilatory Power: Characterization in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease

Background:Circulatory power (CP) and ventilatory power (VP) are indices that have been used for the clinical evaluation of patients with heart failure; however, no study has evaluated these indices in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) without heart failure.Objective:To characterize both indices in patients with CAD compared with healthy controls.Methods:Eighty-seven men [CAD group = 42 subjects and healthy control group (CG) = 45 subjects] aged 40–65 years were included. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing was performed on a treadmill and the following parameters were measured: 1) peak oxygen consumption (VO2), 2) peak heart rate (HR), 3) peak blood pressure (BP), 4) peak rate-pressure product (peak systolic HR x peak BP), 5) peak oxygen pulse (peak VO2/peak HR), 6) oxygen uptake efficiency (OUES), 7) carbon dioxide production efficiency (minute ventilation/carbon dioxide production slope), 8) CP (peak VO2 x peak systolic BP) and 9) VP (peak systolic BP/carbon dioxide production efficiency).Results:The CAD group had significantly lower values for peak VO2 (p < 0.001), peak HR (p < 0.001), peak systolic BP (p < 0.001), peak rate-pressure product (p < 0.001), peak oxygen pulse (p = 0.008), OUES (p < 0.001), CP (p < 0.001), and VP (p < 0.001) and significantly higher values for peak diastolic BP (p = 0.004) and carbon dioxide production efficiency (p < 0.001) compared with CG. Stepwise regression analysis showed that CP was influenced by group (R2 = 0.44, p < 0.001) and VP was influenced by both group and number of vessels with stenosis after treatment (interaction effects: R2 = 0.46, p < 0.001).Conclusion:The indices CP and VP were lower in men with CAD than healthy controls.

Activités professionnelles et qualité de l'air des parcs de stationnement couvert : rapport d'expertise collective

[Table des matières] 1. Contexte, objet et modalités de traitement de la saisine. - 2. Préambule. - 3. Caractérisation des parcs de stationnement couverts et de leurs activités professionnelles en France (enquête Afsset). - 4. Observations de terrain et analyse d'activités professionnelles exercées dans les parcs de stationnement couverts (étude Anact). - 5. Evaluation des risques sanitaires. - 6. Recommandations. - Bibliographie. - Annexe 1 : Lettre de saisine. - Annexe 2 : Présentation des positions divergentes. - Annexe 3 : Synthèse des déclarations publiques d'intérêts des experts par rapport au champ de la saisine. - Annexe 4 : Réglementation et recommandations institutionnelles concernant la qualité de l'air dans les parcs de stationnement couverts, et l'hygiène et la sécurité des travailleurs. - Annexe 5 : Etude de coparly sur la mesure de polluants atmosphériques dans les parcs de stationnement - Informations générales. - Annexe 6 : Dépassement des valeurs cibles Afsset" limitant les risques pour la santé des travailleurs dans les parcs de stationnement (Coparly, 2009). - Annexe 7 : Enquête Asset - Méthode d'identification du code NAF le plus adapté. - Annexe 8 : Enquête Afsset - Questionnaire d'enquête. - Annexe 9 : Enquête Afsset - Villes d'implantation des parcs inclus dans l'étude. - Annexe 10 : Rapport de l'Anact : Activité professionnelle et qualité de l'air dans les parcs couverts de stationnement. - Annexe 11 : Résultats de mesures de la campagne du LCPP utilisés pour les scénarios d'exposition. - Annexe 12 : Résultats issus de l'enquête Afsset sur les activités professionnelles exercées dans les parcs de stationnement couverts. - Annexe 13 : Concentrations ubiquitaires dans différents "micro-environnements" (Afsset, 2007). - Annexe 14 : Facteurs d'abattement entre concentrations dans le local d'exploitation et dans le parc. - Annexe 15 : Limites des valeurs toxicologiques de référence (Afsset, 2007). - Annexe 16 : Exemples de solutions pour améliorer la qualité de l'air et réduire l'exposition des travailleurs.

Educação em saúde ao ostomizado: um estudo bibliométrico

Este trabalho objetivou identificar a produção científica sobre orientação ao ostomizado, publicada entre 1970 e 2004 e classificá-la segundo quantidade, cronologia de publicação, função exercida pelos autores, procedência, tipo, assunto, origem e palavras-chave; utilizando a metodologia bibliométrica. As 27 publicações foram coletadas no banco de dados DEDALUS, nas bases de dados LILACS, MEDLINE e de uma docente da EEUSP (referência nacional em ostomia). No total, 19 são nacionais, oito internacionais e escritas principalmente por enfermeiros e estomaterapeutas. Os tipos são: dissertações, teses, folhetos, livros e artigos. A procedência dos materiais é da academia, laboratorial e hospitalar. A década de noventa é a que concentra o maior número de trabalhos nesta área temática. Todos têm como finalidade elevar a auto-estima dos pacientes para fazê-los sentir que, mesmo com uma ostomia, eles podem levar uma vida normal. Assim, o estudo mostrou que a enfermeira como educadora de um ostomizado deve conhecer tais publicações para melhorar a assistência.

Association of NTRK3 and its interaction with NGF suggest an altered cross-regulation of the neurotrophin signaling pathway in eating disorders

Eating disorders (EDs) are complex psychiatric diseases that include anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, and have higher than 50% heritability. Previous studies have found association of BDNF and NTRK2 to ED, while animal models suggest that other neurotrophin genes might also be involved in eating behavior. We have performed a family-based association study with 151 TagSNPs covering 10 neurotrophin signaling genes: NGFB, BDNF, NTRK1, NGFR/p75, NTF4/5, NTRK2, NTF3, NTRK3, CNTF and CNTFR in 371 ED trios of Spanish, French and German origin. Besides several nominal associations, we found a strong significant association after correcting for multiple testing (P = 1.04 × 10−4) between ED and rs7180942, located in the NTRK3 gene, which followed an overdominant model of inheritance. Interestingly, HapMap unrelated individuals carrying the rs7180942 risk genotypes for ED showed higher levels of expression of NTRK3 in lymphoblastoid cell lines. Furthermore, higher expression of the orthologous murine Ntrk3 gene was also detected in the hypothalamus of the anx/anx mouse model of anorexia. Finally, variants in NGFB gene appear to modify the risk conferred by the NTRK3 rs7180942 risk genotypes (P = 4.0 × 10−5) showing a synergistic epistatic interaction. The reported data, in addition to the previous reported findings for BDNF and NTRK2, point neurotrophin signaling genes as key regulators of eating behavior and their altered cross-regulation as susceptibility factors for EDs.