Perfil epidemiológico de acidentes com material biológico entre estudantes de medicina em um pronto-socorro cirúrgico

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the accidents with biological material among medical students interning in a trauma emergency room and identify key related situations, attributed causes and prevention. METHODS: we conducted a study with a quantitative approach. Data were collected through a questionnaire applied via internet, with closed, multiple-choice questions regarding accidents with biological material. The sample comprised 100 students. RESULTS: thirty-two had accidents with biological material. Higher-risk activities were local anesthesia (39.47%), suture (18.42%) and needle recapping (15.79%). The main routes of exposure to biological material were the eyes or mucosa, with 34%, and syringe needle puncture, with 45%. After contamination, only 52% reported the accident to the responsible department. CONCLUSION: The main causes of accidents and routes of exposure found may be attributed to several factors, such as lack of training and failure to use personal protective equipment. Educational and preventive actions are extremely important to reduce the incidence of accidents with biological materials and improve the conduct of post-exposure. It is important to understand the main causes attributed and situations related, so as general and effective measures can be applied.

Promoção da segurança no cuidado de enferamgem pediátrica: contribuições para o ensino técnio

Pós-graduação em Enfermagem (mestrado profissional) - FMB

Aspectos epidemiológicos da saúde bucal de crianças em um município brasileiro

The Health Sciences, prior to the planning of prevention programs, adopt the tools to analyze the population profile, entitled epidemiological surveys, to obtain data on the need for heathcare and the possibility of treating health events. The aim of this study was to evaluate dental conditions in schoolchildren, aged five to fourteen, enrolled in public schools in Américo Brasiliense, SP Brazil. The dmft and DMFT index, caries experience, and prevalence of fluorosis were analyzed. For this epidemiological study, 1,137 children were selected. Four calibrated dentists performed oral exams according to WHO criteria (1997). The data were collected using descriptive analyses. The results showed that 94% of the five-year-old children were caries free, and the value of dmft was 1.44. DMFT was 1.19 in 12-year-olds. The lowest and the highest fluorosis prevalence could be observed in eight and fourteen-year-olds, respectively. It could be concluded that the city of Américo Brasiliense has developed respectful educational and preventive oral health programs which presented satiosfactory results in the present epidemiological study.

Metabolic risk and television time in adolescent females

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Métodos de avaliação da eficácia dos tratamentos para a dor

Pain is a subjective condition and, thus, difficult to measure. The best tools to assess pain are the pain evaluation questionnaires, which provide either diagnostic, pain evolution or pain intensity information. To provide information which could help differentiate between nociceptive pain and neuropathic pain is one of the most important functions of these questionnaires. The questionnaires can measure pain intensity, quality of life, or sleep quality. Quality of life and sleep are two really important characteristics to assess the pain impact on patients' life. Pain intensity assessing questionnaires combine physical evaluations with questions, providing information either from the patient sensations or clinical assessment of pain manifestations as well as the underlying biological mechanisms (such as hyperalgesia or allodynia). For example, the Pain Detect questionnaire has two parts: the patient form (intuitive, with pictures and easy understandable) and the physician form. Thus, in this questionnaire, subjective information is provided by the patient and the objective one is provided by the physician. Other pain intensity questionnaires are NPSI, DN4, LANSS or StEP. Quality of life questionnaires are versatile (can be used in different pathologies). These questionnaires include functional self-evaluation questions, and other ones associated to physical and mental health. Two of such quality of life questionnaires are SF-36 and NHP. Sleep evaluation questionnaires include quantitative features such as the number of sleep interruptions, sleep latency or sleep duration as well as qualitative characteristics such as rest sensation, mood and dreams. One of the most used sleep evaluation questionnaires is PSQI, which includes patient questions and bed-partner questions, providing information from two points of view.

Bullying e má oclusão relacionados a autoestima e qualidade de vida em adolescentes

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Perfil dos pacientes internados em uma unidade de terapia intensiva pediátrica de um hospital escola do interior de São Paulo

The purpose of the study was to outline the profile of patients hospitalized at the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit of the Hospital das Clínicas de Botucatu - UNESP. This is a descriptive, cross-sectional and quantitative study. The data were extracted from the “Discharge, Admission and Death Register” of the unit of the patients hospitalized between January and December 2011. There was predominance of male children (54.4%) under one year of age (40,7%) were, with a mean length of stay of 5.46 days. Most of these children came from cities included in the DIR XI/SP in Botucatu (78.2%). The discharge contributed with 91.1% of the total discharges from the unit. Most admissions happened during the fall and winter, with the Immediate Post-Operative (IPO - 32.3%) and respiratory diseases (24.2%) as the most frequent causes. The profile of patients at the PICU makes it possible to elucidate individual aspects, family, social, demographic, seasonal, climatic, and, also, the clinical conditions, and, thus, comprehend the context of hospitalizations, in order to propose improvements on assistance, in an individualized and integral manner, for patients and their families.

Política de saúde do homem

No artigo discute-se a articulação entre sistemas de informações epidemiológicas, produção científica e políticas de saúde de assistência à saúde do homem. Foram utilizadas três fontes secundárias: dados do Ministério da Saúde (Sistemas de Informação sobre Mortalidade e Hospitalar, Vigilância de Fatores de Risco e Proteção para Doenças Crônicas por Inquérito Telefônico), artigos publicados na SciELO e documentos do Ministério da Saúde referentes à saúde do homem. Os resultados apontam que, em termos de morbimortalidade, os homens estão mais expostos a riscos do que as mulheres. Na produção científica, predominam estudos que focalizam os agravos e doenças exclusivamente masculinos em detrimento de outros aspectos relacionados à saúde. Documentos legais destacam o panorama epidemiológico de morbimortalidade masculina e a metodologia de elaboração da política. É necessário que os pesquisadores ampliem a utilização dos dados dos sistemas de informações epidemiológicas do Ministério da Saúde e procedam à incorporação crítica da perspectiva relacional de gênero.

Aproximación epidemiológica al estudio de las condiciones de empleo, trabajo y salud en la población inmigrante colombiana en España

El objetivo es analizar las condiciones de trabajo en inmigrantes colombianos y sus problemas de salud asociados. Para tal fin, se realizó un estudio epidemiológico descriptivo, en población inmigrante colombiana trabajadora activa o en paro, mediante encuesta personal, recogiendo información sobre características personales y laborales e indicadores de salud. Los resultados indican que existe un porcentaje importante de inmigrantes con contrataciones temporales o sin contrato y jornadas de trabajo semanales por encima de las 40 horas. Una quinta parte no se encuentra de alta en la seguridad social. La gran mayoría de las mujeres (92%) tienen salarios menores o iguales a los 1.200 euros. La población percibe discriminación en espacios sociales y laborales. Se reportan problemas de salud con diferencias por sexo. Casi una tercera parte no ha recibido información sobre prevención de accidentes y daños a la salud. Se evidencian así, situaciones de precariedad que exigen estrategias para garantizar mecanismos de protección social para esta población.

The experience of insomnia among older women

Study Objectives: To measure sleeping difficulty and sleep quality among older women, explore experience and attitudes towards sleep, and test for negative association between difficulty sleeping and health-related quality of life. Design: Four-year longitudinal study. Setting: Women were participants in the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health. Participants: Women were sampled according to use of sleeping medication and classified into 4 groups: sleeping badly and using sleeping medications; not sleeping badly, but using sleeping medications; sleeping badly, not using sleeping medications; not sleeping badly, not using sleeping medications. Interventions: None. Measurements and Results: Sleeping difficulty and sleeping-medication use were measured at Survey 1, Survey 2 (3 years later), and Survey 3 (4 years later). Survey 3 included: Nottingham Health Profile Sleep Subscale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Geriatric Depression Scale, Duke Social Support Index, Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form 36-item Health Survey, and a 21-item life events scale. Survey 3 was returned by 1011 women (84%). Sleeping problems were negatively associated with SF-36 subscale scores. Most associations remained significant after comorbid conditions, Geriatric Depression Scale, life events scores, and medication use were added to models. Most women with sleeping problems (72%) sought help from a doctor, and 54% used prescribed sleeping medications in the past month. Conclusions: Sleeping difficulty is a serious symptom for older women and is associated with poorer quality of life. Some of this effect can be explained by comorbidities, depression scores, life events, and use of sleeping medications.

Effect on trend estimates of the difference between survey respondents and non-respondents: Results from 27 populations in the WHO MONIICA Project

Introduction: In the World Health Organization (WHO) MONICA (multinational MONItoring of trends and determinants in CArdiovascular disease) Project considerable effort was made to obtain basic data on non-respondents to community based surveys of cardiovascular risk factors. The first purpose of this paper is to examine differences in socio-economic and health profiles among respondents and non-respondents. The second purpose is to investigate the effect of non-response on estimates of trends. Methods:Socio-economic and health profile between respondents and non-respondents in the WHO MONICA Project final survey were compared. The potential effect of non-response on the trend estimates between the initial survey and final survey approximately ten years later was investigated using both MONICA data and hypothetical data. Results: In most of the populations, non-respondents were more likely to be single, less well educated, and had poorer lifestyles and health profiles than respondents. As an example of the consequences, temporal trends in prevalence of daily smokers are shown to be overestimated in most populations if they were based only on data from respondents. Conclusions: The socio-economic and health profiles of respondents and non-respondents differed fairly consistently across 27 populations. Hence, the estimators of population trends based on respondent data are likely to be biased. Declining response rates therefore pose a threat to the accuracy of estimates of risk factor trends in many countries.

Perfis epidemiológicos de saúde bucal no Brasil e os modelos de vigilância

National surveys are important tools for public health surveillance and thus key elements in monitoring health conditions and system performance. In the field of oral health, such surveys began with the oral health survey in 1986 and later in 1996 and with the SBBrasil Project in 2003. The 2010 edition of SBBrasil is the principal oral health surveillance strategy for the production of primary data. In order to contribute to this discussion, this article proposes: (a) to present and discuss the Brazilian experience with nationwide oral health surveys and (b) to discuss the use of data in health surveillance models. One can conclude that oral health surveys in Brazil have great possibilities as a tool for health services and academia. Such surveys have shown evident potential for verifying trends in the oral health profile, as well as for producing valid indicators for use in health services.

A implantação de hidrelétricas na Amazônia brasileira, impactos socioambientais e à saúde com as transformações no território : o caso da UHE de Belo Monte

Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Humanas, Departamento de Geografia, Pós-Graduação em Geografia, 2016.

Determinantes de saúde numa amostra de crianças portuguesas

Introdução: Os estilos de vida actuais podem estar associados a comportamentos de risco que estão na base do perfil de saúde de um país. Objetivos: O objectivo do estudo consiste na avaliação dos determinantes da saúde e sua associação com variáveis sóciodemográficas numa amostra de crianças portuguesas dos 3 aos 10 anos de idade. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo transversal desenhado com um total de 1617 crianças de escolas públicas, a partir dos dois principais grupos escolares de Tondela e Vouzela, Portugal. A amostra final do estudo foi construído com um total de 1365 crianças com idades compreendidas entre os 3 e 10 anos de idade. A recolha de dados foi realizada através da distribuição de um questionário auto-administrado aos pais e cuidadores das crianças. Resultados: Verificou-se que as crianças mais velhas tinham uma menor adesão a hábitos alimentares saudáveis e uma maior prevalência de atividade física. Os meninos tinham níveis mais elevados de atividade física e maior prevalência de sedentarismo, em comparação com as meninas. A área de residência das crianças foi associada a uma maior prevalência de consumo de fastfood e comportamentos sedentários. Torna-se evidente a necessidade de realizar intervenção sobre os grupos sociais mais vulneráveis para obter a igualdade em saúde de forma mais eficaz. A definição de estratégias de promoção da saúde deve ser seriamente considerada nas comunidades, a fim de melhorar os estilos de vida saudáveis entre as crianças portuguesas e as suas famílias.

Caracterización nutricional mediante antropometría de los niños sanos menores de 5 años asistentes a una institución de salud en Puerto Inírida 2014

Introducción: Siendo la desnutrición infantil, un indicador trazador en el perfil de salud de una población y prioridad establecida por los objetivos de desarrollo del milenio y el plan decenal de salud pública en Colombia - PDSP en su dimensión de seguridad alimentaria y nutricional, mantiene gran prevalencia a nivel nacional a pesar de presentar subregistro en la información reportada, por ende, es prioridad la medición, notificación y tratamiento de la misma. La OMS estandarizó los parámetros de medición y el gobierno nacional los adoptó mediante la resolución 2121 de 2010. Sin embargo, para disminuir el indicador de desnutrición que al año 2015 debería estar reducido en un 50% según el PDSP, es necesario identificar el sub registro que hay en el diagnóstico de la misma. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio poblacional, descriptivo y transversal, en el cual se analizó la base de datos de los niños menores de 5 años asistentes a consulta de crecimiento y desarrollo en una institución de salud del municipio de Puerto Inírida, con el fin de realizar una caracterización nutricional basados en mediciones antropométricas y contrastándolas realizadas por los profesionales de salud con las encontradas utilizando los patrones establecidos por la OMS. La información se analizó con el Software WHO Anthro propiedad de la OMS. Resultados: Se encontró que el 33,6% de los menores de 5 años registrados presentan desnutrición crónica, el 7,6% desnutrición aguda, el 13,2% de desnutrición global y el 13,9% tiene obesidad. Al discriminarlo por edad se encontró mayor prevalencia de desnutrición crónica en ambos sexos, siendo mayor en población de sexo masculino (40,1% masculino – 27,6% femenino); al igual que al realizar la comparación por pertenencia puesto que se encuentra la misma prevalencia en desnutrición crónica (29,1% en población indígena y 29% en población no indígena). Según los estándares de la OMS, en la población estudiada 12 se identificaron 243 casos de malnutrición, mientras que en la consulta de crecimiento y desarrollo fueron diagnosticados como casos de malnutrición por los profesionales de salud solo 99. Discusión: La malnutrición es un problema estructural, por ende, se deben tener en cuenta factores tanto intrínsecos como extrínsecos de la persona. Las medidas antropométricas son sólo una manera de medir, que se debe contextualizar con el entorno y las condiciones socioeconómicas, patológicas y culturales en las que se encuentre la población. El estado nutricional de los menores asistentes a los controles de crecimiento y desarrollo de la población estudiada, se encuentra mal registrado, de la misma manera se encontró una gran prevalencia de desnutrición crónica que es un determinante en la calidad de vida. Es imperante la implementación de políticas públicas adecuadas que permitan profundizar en las causas de este flagelo y así mismo en su tratamiento.