Raising turkeys ; ducks, geese, game birds /

Includes bibliographical references (p. 448-450).

The Poultry club standards, containing a complete description of all the recognised varieties of fowls, ducks, geese and turkeys,

Mode of access: Internet.

Domestic geese and ducks;

Includes index.

Raising geese /

"Issued April 1972"--T.p. verso

The growing of ducks and geese for profit and pleasure : a complete account of the origin and development of all breeds and varieties of domesticated waterfowl, and of the methods of breeding, feeding and caring for them, whether grown in tens, hundreds, thousands or hundreds of thousands /

Mode of access: Internet.

With the wild geese /

In verse.

Poultry, duck, guinea, geese, pigeon and pheasant raising and turkey production and marketing.

Mode of access: Internet.

Wild Geese Flying Down the Sumida River, from Eight Views of Edo (Furyu Edo Hakkei)

Suzuki Harunobu; 11 17/64 in.x 8 25/64 in.; woodcut, ink and color on paper

Standard perfection poultry book; the recognized standard work on poultry, turkeys, ducks and geese, containing a complete description of all the varieties, with instructions as to their diseases, breeding and care. Incubators, brooders, etc. for the farmer, fancier, or amateur,

Mode of access: Internet.

The homoeopathic poultry physician (poultry veterinarian); or, Plain directions for the homoeopathic treatment of the most common ailments of fowls, ducks, geese, turkeys, and pigeons. Based on the author's large experience, and compiled from the most reliable sources. Translated from the German.

Mode of access: Internet.

The tortoise and the geese, and other fables of Bidpai,

"Published October 1908."

Isotopic composition of diet and tissues, and isotope discrimination factors for pink-footed and barnacle geese, Svalbard

Breeding in the high Arctic is time constrained and animals should therefore start with their annual reproduction as early as possible. To allow for such early reproduction in migratory birds, females arrive at the breeding grounds either with body stores or they try to rapidly develop their eggs after arrival using local resources. Svalbard breeding barnacle geese Branta leucopsis have to fly non-stop for about 1100 km from their last continental staging site to the archipelago making the transport of body stores costly. However, environmental conditions at the breeding grounds are highly unpredictable favouring residual body stores allowing for egg production after arrival on the breeding grounds. We estimated the reliance on southern continental resources, i.e. body stores for egg formation, in barnacle geese using stable isotope ratios in the geese's forage along the flyway and in their eggs. Females adopted mixed breeding strategies by using southern resources as well as local resources to varying extents for egg formation. Southern capital in lipid-free yolk averaged 41% (range: 23-65%), early laid eggs containing more southern capital than eggs laid late in the season. Yolk lipids and albumen did not vary over time and averaged a southern capital proportion of 54% (range: 32-73%) and 47% (range: 25-88%), respectively. Our findings indicate that female geese vary the use of southern resources when synthesizing their eggs and this allocation also varies among egg tissues. Their mixed and flexible use of distant and local resources potentially allows for adaptive adjustments to environmental conditions encountered at the archipelago just before breeding.

Four new avian mitochondrial genomes help get to basic evolutionary questions in the late cretaceous

Good phylogenetic trees are required to test hypotheses about evolutionary processes. We report four new avian mitochondrial genomes, which together with an improved method of phylogenetic analysis for vertebrate mt genomes give results for three questions in avian evolution. The new mt genomes are: magpie goose (Anseranas semipalmata), an owl (morepork, Ninox novaeseelandiae); a basal passerine (rifleman, or New Zealand wren, Acanthisitta chloris); and a parrot (kakapo or owl-parrot, Strigops habroptilus). The magpie goose provides an important new calibration point for avian evolution because the well-studied Presbyornis fossils are on the lineage to ducks and geese, after the separation of the magpie goose. We find, as with other animal mitochondrial genomes, that RY-coding is helpful in adjusting for biases between pyrimidines and between purines. When RY-coding is used at third positions of the codon, the root occurs between paleognath and neognath birds (as expected from morphological and nuclear data). In addition, passerines form a relatively old group in Neoaves, and many modern avian lineages diverged during the Cretaceous. Although many aspects of the avian tree are stable, additional taxon sampling is required.

1976 step in the Pacific climate: forty environmental changes between 1968-1975 and 1977-1984

Examination of 40 time series of multidisciplinary environmental variables from the Pacific Ocean and the Americas, collected in 1968 to 1984, demonstrated the remarkable consistency of a major climate-related, step-like change in 1976. To combine the 40 variables (e.g., air and water temperatures, Southern Oscillation, chlorophyll, geese, salmon, crabs, glaciers, atmospheric dust, coral, carbon dioxide, winds, ice cover, Bering Strait transport) into a single time series, standard variants of individual annual values (subtracting the mean and dividing by a standard deviation) were averaged. Analysis of the resulting time series showed that the single step in 1976, separating the 1968-1975 period from the 1977-1984 period, accounted for 89% of variance within the composite time series. Apparently, one of the Earth's large ecosystems occasionally undergoes large abrupt shifts.