Determination of the most suitable oil pipeline route using GIS least cost path analysis

The Keystone XL has a big role for transforming Canadian oil to the USA. The function of the pipeline is decreasing the dependency of the American oil industry on other countries and it will help to limit external debt. The proposed pipeline seeks the most suitable route which cannot damage agricultural and natural water recourses such as the Ogallala Aquifer. Using the Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques, the suggested path in this study got extremely high correct results that will help in the future to use the least cost analysis for similar studies. The route analysis contains different weighted overlay surfaces, each, was influenced by various criteria (slope, geology, population and land use). The resulted least cost path routes for each weighted overlay surface were compared with the original proposed pipeline and each displayed surface was more effective than the proposed Keystone XL pipeline.

Exploring Literary Landscapes: From Texts to Spatiotemporal Analysis through Collaborative Work and GIS

This article argues that the study of literary representations of landscapes can be aided and enriched by the application of digital geographic technologies. As an example, the article focuses on the methods and preliminary findings of LITESCAPE.PT—Atlas of Literary Landscapes of Mainland Portugal, an on-going project that aims to study literary representations of mainland Portugal and to explore their connections with social and environmental realities both in the past and in the present. LITESCAPE.PT integrates traditional reading practices and ‘distant reading’ approaches, along with collaborative work, relational databases, and geographic information systems (GIS) in order to classify and analyse excerpts from 350 works of Portuguese literature according to a set of ecological, socioeconomic, temporal and cultural themes. As we argue herein this combination of qualitative and quantitative methods—itself a response to the difficulty of obtaining external funding—can lead to (a) increased productivity, (b) the pursuit of new research goals, and (c) the creation of new knowledge about natural and cultural history. As proof of concept, the article presents two initial outcomes of the LITESCAPE.PT project: a case study documenting the evolving literary geography of Lisbon and a case study exploring the representation of wolves in Portuguese literature.

Contribuição da detecção remota para a prospecção de jazigos de Sn, W e Au na região de Góis

A presente dissertação pretende utilizar técnicas de detecção remota como ferramenta na prospecção de jazigos de estanho, volfrâmio e ouro em Portugal Continental. O facto de ser relativamente comum a coexistência de mineralizações estano-volframíticas com mineralizações auro-argentíferas nas regiões centro e norte de Portugal, associado à importância estratégica e económica destes metais, tanto a nível nacional, como europeu, faz destas regiões um dos mais apetecíveis alvos para a prospecção e exploração mineira em Portugal. No contexto português, as ferramentas de detecção remota têm vindo a ser aplicadas com alguma regularidade e nas mais diversas temáticas das Geociências. Contudo, exceptuando alguns trabalhos, principalmente dos anos oitenta e noventa, são escassos os casos conhecidos da aplicação específica da detecção remota na prospecção de recursos minerais metálicos em Portugal. Assim, através da utilização de critérios de fotointerpretação, da aplicação de técnicas de processamento digital a imagens de satélite, assim como da integração dos resultados obtidos com dados de cartografia geológica, de altimetria e geofísicos, pretende-se a selecção de zonas potencialmente relacionadas com a ocorrência dos referidos metais na região de Góis-Castanheira de Pêra. A selecção das zonas potenciais tem como objectivo a escolha de alvos para posterior estudo em pormenor, cujo alcance já não é abrangido pelo âmbito desta dissertação. Para além da aplicação das técnicas de detecção remota e da integração de diferentes fontes de informação em ambiente SIG, foram realizados trabalhos de campo com o intuito de permitir a validação preliminar dos resultados obtidos.

A GIS extension model to calculate urban heat island intensity based on urban geometry

This paper presents a simulation model, which was incorporated into a Geographic Information System (GIS), in order to calculate the maximum intensity of urban heat islands based on urban geometry data. The method-ology of this study stands on a theoretical-numerical basis (Okeâ s model), followed by the study and selection of existing GIS tools, the design of the calculation model, the incorporation of the resulting algorithm into the GIS platform and the application of the tool, developed as exemplification. The developed tool will help researchers to simulate UHI in different urban scenarios.

Safety classification using GIS in decision-making process to define priority road interventions

Given the current economic situation of the Portuguese municipalities, it is necessary to identify the priority investments in order to achieve a more efficient financial management. The classification of the road network of the municipality according to the occurrence of traffic accidents is fundamental to set priorities for road interventions. This paper presents a model for road network classification based on traffic accidents integrated in a geographic information system. Its practical application was developed through a case study in the municipality of Barcelos. An equation was defined to obtain a road safety index through the combination of the following indicators: severity, property damage only and accident costs. In addition to the road network classification, the application of the model allows to analyze the spatial coverage of accidents in order to determine the centrality and dispersion of the locations with the highest incidence of road accidents. This analysis can be further refined according to the nature of the accidents namely in collision, runoff and pedestrian crashes.

GIS application in water resources master planning

Due to water scarcity, it is important to organize and regulate water resources utilization to satisfy the conflicting water demands and needs. This paper aims to describe a comprehensive methodology for managing the water sector of a defined urbanized region, using the robust capabilities of a Geographic Information System (GIS). The proposed methodology is based on finding alternatives to cover the gap between recent supplies and future demands. Nablus which is a main governorate located in the north of West Bank, Palestine, was selected as case study because this area is classified as arid to semi-arid area. In fact, GIS integrates hardware, software, and data for capturing, managing, analyzing, and displaying all forms of geographic information. The resulted plan of Nablus represents an example of the proposed methodology implementation and a valid framework for the elaboration of a water master plan.

Desarrollo de nuevas Funcionalidades para la Aplicación WebMap del GIS Corporativo de una empresa de distribución de agua en alta

La present memòria és el resultat del Projecte final del Màster en Tecnologia de la Informació Geogràfica, realitzat en la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, curs 2007-2009. Aquest document és per a il•lustrar el treball realitzat en a l'empresa Auding en conjunt en col•laboració amb la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. L'objectiu del projecte va ser és la creació de noves funcionalitats per a un GIS corporatiu d'una empresa de distribució d'aigua en alta. Aquest GIS és estratègic, doncs ja que permet millorar el tractament de la informació, la difusió de les dades, la planificació i la presa de decisions corporatiu.

Migració i integració d’informació GIS al web corporatiu del Parc de Collserola mitjançant APIS de Google

El present document exposa el projecte final del dotzè Màster en Tecnologies de la Informació Geogràfica, fruit de la col·laboració entre el Departament de Geografia de la UAB i el Consorci del Parc de Collserola. Amb la finalitat de gestionar millor la informació espacial del Parc Natural, i amb l’objectiu de difondre al màxim llur patrimoni natural i humà, desenvolupem un GIS web mitjançant APIs de Google, i en el present treball descric des de l’elaboració de cartografia, fins a la migració i integració d’aquesta informació al web corporatiu fent ús de la programació ASP i Javascript

Gestión en el territorio de una empresa de seguridad mediante estándares GIS e integración de datos con Google Maps.

Estudi teòric sobre els Sistemes d'Informació Geogràfica (GIS) i sobre les especificacions que està publicant el Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) com estàndards oberts que permetin les comunicacions entre distints GIS.

Localización de áreas prioritarias de actuación para la ubicación decortafuegos usando software libre GIS: gvSIG, SEXTANTE y PostGIS

El present projecte se centrarà en l'aplicació dels SIG a la prevenció dels incendis forestals a Catalunya. En concret en la localització de zones òptimes per a la instal lació de tallafocs, mitjançant la utilització dels programes lliures gvSIG i Sextant, a més de la base de dades (BDD) espacial PostgreeSQL / PostGIS.

Construcció d'un GIS de base municipal amb assignació automàtica del nom de carrer a les illes d'habitatges de la població de Terrassa

Aquest treball fi de carrera es basa en un estudi i posterior aplicació dels sistemes d'informació geogràfica (GIS), branca que pertany a l'àrea de les bases de dades.

Personalized touristic routes implementing semantic web on GIS

Nowadays, when a user is planning a touristic route is very difficult to find out which are the best places to visit. The user has to choose considering his/her preferences due to the great quantity of information it is possible to find in the web and taking into account it is necessary to do a selection, within small time because there is a limited time to do a trip. In Itiner@ project, we aim to implement Semantic Web technology combined with Geographic Information Systems in order to offer personalized touristic routes around a region based on user preferences and time situation. Using ontologies it is possible to link, structure, share data and obtain the result more suitable for user's preferences and actual situation with less time and more precisely than without ontologies. To achieve these objectives we propose a web page combining a GIS server and a touristic ontology. As a step further, we also study how to extend this technology on mobile devices due to the raising interest and technological progress of these devices and location-based services, which allows the user to have all the route information on the hand when he/she does a touristic trip. We design a little application in order to apply the combination of GIS and Semantic Web in a mobile device.

Association between GIS-based exposure to urban air pollution during pregnancy and birth weight in the INMA Sabadell Cohort

Background: There is growing evidence that traffic-related air pollution reduces birth weight. Improving exposure assessment is a key issue to advance in this research area.Objective: We investigated the effect of prenatal exposure to traffic-related air pollution via geographic information system (GIS) models on birth weight in 570 newborns from the INMA (Environment and Childhood) Sabadell cohort.Methods: We estimated pregnancy and trimester-specific exposures to nitrogen dioxide and aromatic hydrocarbons [benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, m/p-xylene, and o-xylene (BTEX)] by using temporally adjusted land-use regression (LUR) models. We built models for NO2 and BTEX using four and three 1-week measurement campaigns, respectively, at 57 locations. We assessed the relationship between prenatal air pollution exposure and birth weight with linear regression models. We performed sensitivity analyses considering time spent at home and time spent in nonresidential outdoor environments during pregnancy.Results: In the overall cohort, neither NO2 nor BTEX exposure was significantly associated with birth weight in any of the exposure periods. When considering only women who spent < 2 hr/day in nonresidential outdoor environments, the estimated reductions in birth weight associated with an interquartile range increase in BTEX exposure levels were 77 g [95% confidence interval (CI), 7–146 g] and 102 g (95% CI, 28–176 g) for exposures during the whole pregnancy and the second trimester, respectively. The effects of NO2 exposure were less clear in this subset.Conclusions: The association of BTEX with reduced birth weight underscores the negative role of vehicle exhaust pollutants in reproductive health. Time–activity patterns during pregnancy complement GIS-based models in exposure assessment.

Web-based Implementation of Winter Maintenance Decision Support System Using GIS and Remote Sensing, May 2005

Winter maintenance, particularly snow removal and the stress of snow removal materials on public structures, is an enormous budgetary burden on municipalities and nongovernmental maintenance organizations in cold climates. Lately, geospatial technologies such as remote sensing, geographic information systems (GIS), and decision support tools are roviding a valuable tool for planning snow removal operations. A few researchers recently used geospatial technologies to develop winter maintenance tools. However, most of these winter maintenance tools, while having the potential to address some of these information needs, are not typically placed in the hands of planners and other interested stakeholders. Most tools are not constructed with a nontechnical user in mind and lack an easyto-use, easily understood interface. A major goal of this project was to implement a web-based Winter Maintenance Decision Support System (WMDSS) that enhances the capacity of stakeholders (city/county planners, resource managers, transportation personnel, citizens, and policy makers) to evaluate different procedures for managing snow removal assets optimally. This was accomplished by integrating geospatial analytical techniques (GIS and remote sensing), the existing snow removal asset management system, and webbased spatial decision support systems. The web-based system was implemented using the ESRI ArcIMS ActiveX Connector and related web technologies, such as Active Server Pages, JavaScript, HTML, and XML. The expert knowledge on snow removal procedures is gathered and integrated into the system in the form of encoded business rules using Visual Rule Studio. The system developed not only manages the resources but also provides expert advice to assist complex decision making, such as routing, optimal resource allocation, and monitoring live weather information. This system was developed in collaboration with Black Hawk County, IA, the city of Columbia, MO, and the Iowa Department of transportation. This product was also demonstrated for these agencies to improve the usability and applicability of the system.