Evidence for tuberculosis in 18th/19th century slaves in Anse Sainte-Marguerite (Guadeloupe - French Western Indies)

During the American colonization in the 18th and 19th century, Africans were captured and shipped to America. Harsh living and working conditions often led to chronic diseases and high mortality rates. Slaves in the Caribbean were forced to work mainly on sugar plantations. They were buried in cemeteries like Anse Sainte-Marguerite on the isle of Grande-Terre (Guadeloupe) which was examined by archaeologists and physical anthropologists. Morphological studies on osseous remains of 148 individuals revealed 15 cases with signs for bone tuberculosis and a high frequency of periosteal reactions which indicates early stages of the disease. 11 bone samples from these cemeteries were analysed for ancient DNA. The samples were extracted with established procedures and examined for the cytoplasmic multicopy β-actin gene and Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex DNA (IS 6110) by PCR. An amplification product for M. tuberculosis with the size of 123 bp was obtained. Sequencing confirmed the result. This study shows evidence of M. tuberculosis complex DNA in a Caribbean slave population.

A fugitive from Hell /

Mode of access: Internet.

Airdrie and fugitive pieces /

Illustrations are 7 black-and-white mounted photographs.

Lectures on the philosophy and practice of slavery [electronic resource] : as exhibited in the institution of domestic slavery in the United States: with the duties of masters to slaves. /

Electronic text and image data.

Fugitive slave law [electronic resource] : The religious duty of obedience to law; a sermon preached in the Second Presbyterian Church in Brooklyn, Nov. 24, 1850. /

Electronic text and image data.

Revue des études slaves.

Mode of access: Internet.

Fugitive essays, upon interesting and useful subjects, relating to the early history of Ohio : its geology and agriculture, with a biography of the first successful constructor of steamboats ; a dissertation upon the antiquity of the material universe, and other articles, being a reprint from various periodicals of the day /

Mode of access: Internet.

Les luttes séculaires des Germains et des Slaves ...

La germanisation des Slaves baltiques.--Les peuples slaves et les intrigues allemandes.

Notes on the West Indies : written during the expedition under the command of the late General Sir Ralph Abercromby, including observations on the island of Barbadoes, and the settlements captured by the British troops, upon the coast of Guiana, likewise remarks relating to the creoles and slaves of the western colonies, and the Indians of South America, with occasional hints, regarding the seasoning, or yellow fever of hot climates /

Rich,

Gaieties and gravities : a series of sketches, comic tales, and fugitive vagaries /

Mode of access: Internet.

The circus, and other essays and fugitive pieces,

Reprinted in part from various periodicals.

Plays. Third series: The fugitive, The pigeon, The mob.

Mode of access: Internet.

The works of Thomas Love Peacock, including his novels, poems, fugitive pieces, criticisms, etc.,

v. 1. Preface. Biographical notice. Headlong hall. Melincourt. Nightmare abby.--v. 2. Maid Marian. Misfortunes of Elphin. Crotchet castle. Gryll grange--v. 3. Poetry. Miscellanies. Four ages of poetry. Horæ dramaticæ, no. 1-3 . Shelley. Shelley letters.