Numérifrag, Suivi de corps discursif et dispositif dans Le centre blanc de Nicole Brossard

Numérifrag, la première partie de ce mémoire, se présente en tant que code source d’un projet de poésie numérique où les balises html ont été trafiquées de manière esthétique. L’effet répétitif et parasitant du code oblige le lecteur à effectuer un travail de décryptage afin de rendre aux poèmes leur lisibilité. Si le texte est linéaire sur papier, la programmation de chaque poème en tant que page web incite le lecteur à naviguer dans l’œuvre et à actualiser son potentiel d’a-linéarité. La seconde partie de ce mémoire, Corps discursif et dispositif dans Le centre blanc de Nicole Brossard, s’intéresse à la notion de dispositif en tant que subversion, dans le recueil Le centre blanc (1970) de Nicole Brossard. L’élaboration de ce dispositif passe par le corps qui s’exprime au-travers du texte et trouve son souffle chez le lecteur, par l’acte d'interprétation.

"The whole reflected world shuddering": active aesthetics and contemporary Australian poetry

This article maps the landscape of contemporary Australian poetry, arguing that that we are witnessing a paradigmatic shift that now accommodates ancient storytelling and cultures alongside emergent poetic forms and communities. It considers how contemporary poems reflect key cultural movements while themselves enacting a movement towards new forms of knowing.

Existentialist methodology and perspective: writing the first-person

Without proposing anything quite so grandiose as a return to existentialism, in this paper we aim to articulate and minimally defend certain core existentialist insights concerning the first-person perspective, the relationship between theory and practice, and the mode of philosophical presentation conducive to best making those points. We will do this by considering some of the central methodological objections that have been posed around the role of the first-person perspective and “lived experience” in the contemporary literature, before providing some neo-existentialist rejoinders. We will suggest that the dilemma that contemporary philosophy poses to existentialism, vis-à-vis methodology, is that it is: a) committed to lived experience as some sort of given that might be accessed either introspectively or retrospectively (with empirical science posing prima facie obstacles to the veridicality of each); and/or b) it advocates transformative experiences, and the power of philosophy in connection with such experiences, to radically revise our doxastic and inter-connected web of beliefs. In short, the charge is conservatism on the one hand, radicalism on the other. Each of these concerns will be addressed in turn, utilizing ideas from Kierkegaard (as the source for many existentialist themes, methodological concerns, and formal practices) and from the German and French twentieth century versions of existentialism

Practice briefing : Is BOT the best financing model to procure infrastructure projects? A case study of the Hong Kong-Shuhai-Macau Bridge

Abstract: Purpose – Several major infrastructure projects in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) have been delivered by the build-operate-transfer (BOT) model since the 1960s. Although the benefits of using BOT have been reported abundantly in the contemporary literature, some BOT projects were less successful than the others. This paper aims to find out why this is so and to explore whether BOT is the best financing model to procure major infrastructure projects. Design/methodology/approach – The benefits of BOT will first be reviewed. Some completed BOT projects in Hong Kong will be examined to ascertain how far the perceived benefits of BOT have been materialized in these projects. A highly profiled project, the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau Bridge, which has long been promoted by the governments of the People's Republic of China, Macau Special Administrative Region and the HKSAR that BOT is the preferred financing model, but suddenly reverted back to the traditional financing model to be funded primarily by the three governments with public money instead, will be studied to explore the true value of the BOT financial model. Findings – Six main reasons for this radical change are derived from the analysis: shorter take-off time for the project; difference in legal systems causing difficulties in drafting BOT agreements; more government control on tolls; private sector uninterested due to unattractive economic package; avoid allegation of collusion between business and the governments; and a comfortable financial reserve possessed by the host governments. Originality/value – The findings from this paper are believed to provide a better understanding to the real benefits of BOT and the governments' main decision criteria in delivering major infrastructure projects.

Flagging Spaces : exploring the myth of the Australian beach as an egalitarian space

The Australian beach is now accepted as a significant part of Australian national culture and identity. However, Huntsman (2001) and Booth (2001) both believe that the beach is dying: “intellectuals have failed to apply to the beach the attention they have lavished on the bush…” (Huntsman 2001, 218). Yet the beach remains a prominent image in contemporary literature and film; authors such as Tim Winton and Robert Drewe frequently set their stories in and around the coast. Although initially considered a space of myth (Fiske, Hodge, and Turner 1987), Meaghan Morris labelled the beach as ‘ordinary’ (1998), and as recently as 2001 in the wake of the Sydney Olympic Games, Bonner, McKee, and Mackay termed the beach ‘tacky’ and ‘familiar’. The beach, it appears, defies an easy categorisation. In fact, I believe the beach is more than merely mythic or ordinary, or a combination of the two. Instead it is an imaginative space, seamlessly shifting its metaphorical meanings dependent on readings of the texts. My studies examine the beach through five common beach myths; this paper will explore the myth of the beach as an egalitarian space. Contemporary Australian national texts no longer conform to these mythical representations – (in fact, was the beach ever a space of equality?), instead creating new definitions for the beach space that continually shifts in meaning. Recent texts such as Tim Winton’s Breath (2008) and Stephen Orr’s Time’s Long Ruin (2010) lay a more complex metaphorical meaning upon the beach space. This paper will explore the beach as a space of egalitarianism in conjunction with recent Australian fiction and films in order to discover how the contemporary beach is represented.

Designing radical business model innovation : a case study

“The process of innovation is often seen as being very linear, with research results, new technologies or user insights being channelled, often prematurely, into specific products and process” (Kyffin and Gardien 2009). It is precisely this perception of innovation-as-linear-process which this paper seeks to challenge. While there are many current theories and much contemporary literature available which discuss the management and catalysts of innovation, what is missing are examples of how innovation occurs from the application of these theories and literature (Wrigley & Bucolo 2010). This paper addresses both this gap and perceptions of the viability of linear innovation by presenting a case study for the commercialisation of a core technology (a cleantech, semi-portable mass-energy generator posited as a direct competitor to conventional energy provision systems), within an 18-month timeframe by the use of the Design-Led Innovation approach: “a process of creating a sustainable competitive advantage by radically changing the customer value proposition” (Bucolo & Matthews 2011).

Searching for value : the influence of policy and reform on nurses’ sense of value in long-term aged care in Australia.

Contemporary literature on long-term aged care focuses heavily on issues associated with the recruitment and retention of nursing staff, such as job satisfaction and attitudes towards caring for older people. This paper aims to highlight one aspect of a larger study of registered nurses' experiences in long-term aged care in Australia and the influence that government policy and reform has in shaping that experience. This insight into aspects of nurses' everyday experience also contributes to a broader understanding of job satisfaction in long-term care. Findings from this study suggest that registered nurses experience tension in their search for value in their practice, which incorporates professional, political and social mediators of value and worth. These issues are discussed in relation to the impact of policy and reform on nurses' sense of value in long-term aged care and highlight the need for sensitive policy initiatives that support issues of value in nursing practice.

Wellbeing as a process of accrual : beyond subjectivity and beyond the moment

Although the notion of wellbeing is popular in contemporary literature, it is variously interpreted and has no common definition. Such inconsistencies in definition have particular relevance when considering wellbeing programs designed for children. By developing a broader conceptualisation of wellbeing and its key elements, the range of programs and services developed in the name of wellbeing will achieve a more consistent cross-disciplinary focus to ensure that the needs of the individual, including children, can more accurately be addressed. This paper presents a new perspective on conceptualising wellbeing. The authors argue that conceptualising wellbeing as an accrued process has particular relevance for both adults and children. A definition for accrued wellbeing is presented in an attempt to address some of the current deficiencies in existing understandings of an already complicated construct. The potential for the ideas presented when considering wellbeing as a process of accrual may have further application when considered beyond childhood.

Advancing practice in critical care : A model of knowledge integration: A Singaporean context

It could be argued that advancing practice in critical care has been superseded by the advanced practice agenda. Some would suggest that advancing practice is focused on the core attributes of an individuals practice progressing onto advanced practice status. However, advancing practice is more of a process than identifiable skills and as such is often negated when viewing the development of practitioners to the advanced practice level. For example practice development initiatives can be seen as advancing practice for the masses which ensures that practitioners are following the same level of practice. The question here is; are they developing individually. To discuss the potential development of a conceptual model of knowledge integration pertinent to critical care nursing practice. In an attempt to explore the development of leading edge critical care thinking and practice, a new model for advancing practice in critical care is proposed. This paper suggests that reflection may not be the best model for advancing practice unless the individual practitioner has a sound knowledge base both theoretically and experientially. Drawing on the contemporary literature and recent doctoral research, the knowledge integration model presented here uses multiple learning strategies that are focused in practise to develop practice, for example the use of work-based learning and clinical supervision. Ongoing knowledge acquisition and its relationship with previously held theory and experience will enable individual practitioners to advance their own practice as well as being a resource for others.

Genetic studies on Finnish lupus erythematosus patients with cutaneous manifestations

Lupus erythematosus (LE) is a chronic, heterogeneous autoimmune disorder with abnormal immune responses, including production of autoantibodies and immune complexes. Clinical presentations of the disease range from mild cutaneous manifestations to a more generalised systemic involvement of internal organs. Cutaneous (CLE) forms are further subclassified into discoid LE (DLE), subacute cutaneous LE (SCLE) and acute cutaneous lupus erythematosus (ACLE), and may later progress to systemic disease (SLE). Both genetic and environmental factors contribute to the disease, although the precise aetiology is still elusive. Furthermore, complex gene-gene or gene-environment interactions may result in different subphenotypes of lupus. The genetic background of CLE is poorly known and only a few genes are confirmed, while the number of robust genetic associations in SLE exceeds 30. The aim of this thesis was to characterise the recruited patients clinically, and identify genetic variants conferring susceptibility to cutaneous variants of LE. Given that cutaneous and systemic disease may share underlying genetic factors, putative CLE candidate genes for genotyping were selected among those showing strong evidence of association in SLE. The correlation between relevant clinical manifestations and risk genotypes was investigated in order to find specific subphenotype associations. In addition, epistatic interactions in SLE were studied. Finally, the role of tissue degrading matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) in LE tissue injury was explored. These studies were conducted in Finnish case-control and family cohort, and Swedish case-control cohort. The clinical picture of the patients in terms of cutaneous, haematological and immunological findings resembled that described in the contemporary literature. However, the proportion of daily smokers was very high supporting the role of smoking in disease aetiology. The results confirmed that, even though clinically distinct entities, CLE and SLE share predisposing genetic factors. For the first time it was shown that known SLE susceptibility genes IRF5 and TYK2 also increase the risk of CLE. A tendency toward gene-gene interaction between these genes was found in SLE. As a remarkable novel finding, it was observed that ITGAM polymorphisms associated even more strongly to DLE than SLE, and the risk estimates were substantially higher than those reported for SLE. Several other recently identified SLE susceptibility genes showed signs of good or modest association especially in DLE. Subphenotype analyses indicated possible associations to clinical features, but marginally significant results reflected lack of sufficient power for these studies. Thorough immunohistochemical analyses of several MMPs demonstrated a role in epidermal changes and dermal tissue remodelling in diseased skin, and suggested that targeted action using selective MMP inhibitors may reduce lupus-induced damage in inflamed tissues. In conclusion, the results provide an insight into the genetics of CLE and demonstrate that genetic predisposition is at least in part shared between cutaneous and systemic variants of LE. This doctoral study has contributed IRF5, TYK2, ITGAM and several other novel genes to the so far short list of genes implicated in CLE susceptibility. Detailed examination of the function of these genes in CLE pathogenesis warrants further studies. Furthermore, the results support the need of subphenotype analysis with sample sizes large enough to reveal possible specific disease associations in order to better understand the heterogeneous nature and clinical specificities of the disease. Comprehensive analysis of clinical data suggests that smoking is an environmental triggering factor.

Stadilaispojat, rikokset ja lastensuojelu : Viisi tapaustutkimusta kuudelta vuosikymmeneltä

Societal reactions to norm breaking behavior of children reveal, how we understand childhood, the relations between generations and communitie's ratio of tolerance. In Finland the children that repeatedly commit crimes receive social service measures that are based on Child Welfare Act. In the city of Helsinki (Stadi in the slang of Helsinki) existed an agency specifically established for ill-behaving children until the 1980's, agter which an unified agency for the maltreated and maladjusted children was founded. Through five boys' welfare cases, this research aims at defining what kind of positions, social relations and structures are constructed in the social dynamics of these children's everyday lives. The cases cover different decades from the 1940s to the present. At the same time the cases reflect the child welfare and societal practices, and reveal how the communities have participated in constructing deviance in different eras. The research is meta-theoretically based on critical realism and specifically on Roy Bhaskar's transformative model of social activity. The cases are analyzed in the framework of Edwin M. Lemert's societal reaction theory. Thus the focus of the study is on the wide structural context of the institutional and societal definitions of deviance. The research is methodologically based on a qualitative multiple case study research. The primary data consist of classified child welfare case files collected from the archives of the city of Helsinki. The data of the institutional level consist of the annual reports from 1943 to 2004 and the ordinances from 1907 onwards, and of various committee documents produced in the law-making process of child welfare, youth and criminal legislation of the 20th century. Empirical finding are interpreted in a dialogue with previous historical and child welfare research, contemporary literature and studies on the urban development. The analysis is based on Derek Layder's model of adaptive theory. The research forms a viewpoint to the historical study of child welfare, in which the historical era, its agents and the dynamics of their mutual relations are studied through an individual level reconstruction based on the societal reaction theory. The case analyses reveal how the positions of the children form differently in the different eras of child welfare practices. In the 1940s the child is positioned as a psychopath and a criminal type. The measures are aimed at protecting the community from the disturbed child, and at adjusting the individual by isolation. From 1960s to 1980s the child is positioned as a child in need of help and support. The child becomes a victim, a subject that occupies rights, and a target of protection. In the turn of the millennium a norm breaking child is positioned as a dangerous individual that, in the name of the community safety, has to be confined. The case analyses also reveal the prevailing academic and practical paradigms of the time. Keywords: childhood, youth, child protection, child welfare, delinquency, crime, deviance, history, critical realism, case study research

Monumenttikuvista elämyskuviin : Helsinki matkaesitteiden kuvituksessa 1895 - 2005

The purpose of this study is to define how Helsinki has been presented in the pictures of tourist brochures and how their illustration has changed over time. Attention is also paid to the values and meanings that the pictures mediate, as well as their historical and societal connections. The pictures are approached as representations selectively interpreting and illustrating the reality of Helsinki, while constructing mental images of it. An iconological framework structures the study. It proceeds from the description and classification of the physical features towards an analysis of time- and culture-specific meanings. The emergence of meanings and their historical and cultural underpinnings are examined from the perspectives of humanistic geography, semiotics and constructionism. In the analysis attention is paid to the discourses, myths and ideologies that underlie the representations. Information on the physical features of the pictures and their changes is collected with a content analysis. The classified data consists of 1377 photographs. These pictures are collected from 75 tourist brochures of Helsinki that have been published between 1895 and 2005. The deeper meanings of the pictures are studied qualitatively, by paying attention to the mental images that the content elements and visual effects evoke. Research studies, contemporary literature and the texts of the tourist brochures are utilised in the interpretation of the meanings. There has been a permanent core to objects of the pictures during the entire study period. It has consisted mainly of sights that are located close to the Senate and Market Squares. In addition, marine elements have been popular. The area of Helsinki represented in the brochures has extended from the Senate Square towards Töölö Bay. Pictures of monumental buildings and statues have been complemented with snapshots and portraits. In the beginning of the 20th century, brochures were mainly produced for the travelling, educated elite. The style of the pictures was declaratory and educative. They aimed at medating an objective image of the reality that prevailed in Helsinki. In practice, the pictures were connected to a patriotic ideology and the corresponding myth of Finnishness. In the second half of the 20th century the improvement of the standard of living led to a democratisation of consumers and an increase in the tourism demand. Local culture and the everyday life of "ordinary" people became popular themes in the pictures. A new welfare ideology manifested itself in the people of the local residential areas, for instance. The increase in the cultural diversity has led to the recognition of new target groups, expecially since the 1980s. The human figures in the pictures have started to function as objects of identification and a means of constructing mental images. A pronounced emphasis on experience and individuality in the illustration of the tourist brochures mirrors the post-modern change and a new ideology based on consumption. The construction and consumption of the pictures in the tourist brochures is governed by the conventions of representation and interpretaion that are typical of the genre of tourist brochures. The pictures emphasize the perceived positive characteristics of Helsinki and thus construct a skewed view of the reality. However, consumers can knowingly use the pictures as a means of dreaming and detaching themselves from their everyday reality.

Frentes parlamentares : o caso da frente parlamentar de apoio às santas casas de misericórdia, hospitais e entidades filantrópicas na área de saúde

Objetiva analisar o trabalho da Frente Parlamentar de apoio às Santas Casas de Misericórdia, Hospitais e Entidades Filantrópicas na área de saúde, durante a 1ª Sessão Ordinária da 54ª Legislatura. A Instituição Legislativa, por força regimental, pauta seus trabalhos no poder decisório dos dirigentes da Mesa e das Lideranças Partidárias restringindo estratégias individuais. Dessa forma como se dão a criação de espaços para constituição e atuação das Frentes? A saúde como um dos principais fundamentos para o exercício de uma cidadania plena justificou a busca e aferição das informações. A construção da pesquisa se deu através do levantamento de dados documentais, eventos públicos e entrevistas com parlamentares. Pesquisou-se a gradual abrangência da assistência médica, o papel das instituições filantrópicas e da legislação que as ampara. Para contextualizar o modo de atuação da Frente, elaborou-se revisão de literaturas clássicas e contemporâneas abordando democracia e representação política, com enfoque em estudos atuais que demonstram que os parlamentares são orientados pela obediência partidária, previsibilidade nas votações, em oposição a teorias que classificam de prevalência da indisciplina partidária, patronagem e fisiologismo os fatores norteadores dos legisladores. Em detrimento da escassez de literatura, pode-se levantar dados históricos da formação no parlamento de colegiados nos moldes das Frentes - principalmente no período democrático de 1945/1964, e nos dias atuais retroagiu-se à 52ª Legislatura o acesso a dados eletrônicos.

Fingidores em cena: a metaficção em Sérgio SantAnna e Rubens Figueiredo

A partir de uma proposta de ampliação do conceito de metaficção, a tese tem como objetivo investigar os usos metaficcionais nas obras de dois autores da literatura brasileira contemporânea: Sérgio SantAnna e Rubens Figueiredo. No caso de Sérgio SantAnna, são investigadas as relações que a metaficção estabelece com o controle do imaginário, com a reflexão estética feita no interior dos textos ficcionais e com a polêmica em torno das vanguardas. No caso de Rubens Figueiredo, a discussão sobre o uso do discurso metaficcional levará em conta os três ciclos pelos quais passa a obra do autor, ciclos esses marcados pela ênfase em determinadas questões, tais como a parodização de romances policiais, a questão da identidade e a problemática do social. O olhar panorâmico lançado para a obra ficcional dos dois autores deverá mostrar como os diferentes usos metaficcionais − ao atribuírem valores diferenciados à ligação que a literatura tem com o chamado mundo real − sinalizam duas concepções quase antagônicas do fenômeno literário

Enfrentando a violência contra a mulher: uma experiência pioneira no interior do Estado do Rio de Janeiro

A pesquisa analisou a estratégia adotada por uma Organização Não Governamental feminista do interior do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, o Ser Mulher, no enfrentamento da violência contra a mulher. A estratégia compreende a implantação de um Serviço telefônico anônimo, denominado Disque-Mulher e a composição da Rede Multisetorial de Atendimento às Mulheres Vítimas de Violência (REMUV). A experiência do Serviço é descrita a partir das diferentes metodologias de atendimento e registro dos relatos telefônicos. A análise buscou identificar, no banco de dados resultante dos registros telefônicos, a percepção e a atribuição de significados das usuárias do Disque-Mulher em relação as suas vivências de violência conjugal à luz da literatura feminista brasileira contemporânea. Esta dissertação alinhou-se a um grupo de pesquisadoras que focaram a atenção em descrever e refletir sobre as representações femininas acerca da violência retratadas através da divisão das estudiosas que representam a mulher como vítima ou cúmplice da violência e as que salientam a não universalidade da experiência feminina diante das agressões, valorizando aspectos singulares das mulheres agredidas. Foram utilizadas três fontes de dados: os 1274 registros telefônicos que compõem um banco de dados denominado geral, delineando o perfil sócio-econômico cultural das usuárias e os 413 registros do banco de dados específico, que faz parte do geral e foi montado após as mudanças na forma de realizar o registro e que contém informações de caráter qualitativo, permitindo problematizar os impasses das usuárias frente ao desejo expresso de separarem-se de relações conjugais violentas. Além disso, foram realizadas entrevistas e supervisões gravadas e transcritas, com as plantonistas do Disque-Mulher visando apreender suas percepções sobre os limites e possibilidades de utilização do atendimento telefônico anônimo como estratégia de enfrentamento da violência contra a mulher. Além de salientar para a necessidade de uma constante articulação entre ONGs e poder público, a pesquisa aponta também para a importância de confluir esforços em busca de categorização e sistematização das informações obtidas em serviços semelhantes ao Disque- Mulher, cujo objeto de trabalho é a escuta de fenômenos complexos e multifacetados como a violência e o acesso a direitos. Além de categorizar o motivo principal dos telefonemas há um questionamento em que medida os impasses das usuárias frente ao desejo de separarem-se estariam relacionados a tensões entre a subjetivação feminina e as mudanças sociais, que permitiram às mulheres ampliar sua autonomia.