Sterol, n-alcohol and n-alkane composition of living fen plants

In groundwater-fed fen peatlands, the surface biomass decays rapidly and, as a result, highly humified peat is formed. A high degree of humification constrains palaeoecological studies because reliable identification of plant remains is hampered. Organic geochemistry techniques as a means of identifying historical plant communities have been successfully applied tobog peat. The method has also been applied to fen peat, but without reference to the composition of fen plants. We have applied selected organic geochemistry methods to determine the composition of the neutral lipid fractions from 12 living fen plants, to investigate the potential for the distributions to characterize and separate different fen plants and plant groups. Our results show correspondence with previous studies, e.g. C23 and C25n-alkanes dominating Sphagnum spp. and C27 to C31 alkanes dominating vascular plants. However, we also found similarities in n-alkane distributions between Sphagnum spp. and the below ground parts of some vascular plants. We tested the efficiency of different n-alkane ratios to separate species and plant groups. The ratios used for bog studies (e.g. n-C23/n-C25 and n-C23/n-C29) did not work as consistently for fen plants. Some differences in sterol distribution were found between vascular plants and mosses; in general vascular plants had a higher concentration of sterols. When distributions of n-alkanes, n-alkane ratios and sterols were all included as variables, redundancy analysis (RDA) separated different plant groups into their own clusters. Our results imply that the pattern for bog biomarkers cannot directly be applied to fen environments. Nevertheless, they encourage further testing to determine whether or not the identification of plant groups, plants or plant parts from highly humified peat is possible by applying fen species-specific biomarker proxies.

Auicenna tertium volume[n] in quo expositiones Ge[n]tilis de fuliginio [et] Iacobi de p[ar]tib[us] lucule[n]tissime ac nouiter castigate vsque ad VI fen tertij Can[onis] Auice[nne] c[on]tine[n]tur ...

Lugar e imp. tomados del colofón del v. I

Auicenna quintum volumen continet fen. 20am [et]. 21am. tertij Can[onis] Auic[enne] cu[m] expositionibus Gentilis de fuli. [et] Iacobi de partibus ...

Lugar e imp. tomados del colofón del v. I

Auicenna quintum volumen continet fen. 20am [et]. 21am. tertij Can[onis] Auic[enne] cu[m] expositionibus Gentilis de fuli. [et] Iacobi de partibus ...

Lugar e imp. tomados del colofón del v. I

The disease-resistance gene Pto and the fenthion-sensitivity gene fen encode closely related functional protein kinases.

Resistance to bacterial speck in tomato is governed by a gene-for-gene interaction in which a single resistance locus (Pto) in the plant responds to the expression of a specific avirulence gene (avrPto) in the pathogen. Disease susceptibility results if either Pto or avrPto are lacking from the corresponding organisms. Leaves of tomato cultivars that contain the Pto locus also exhibit a hypersensitive-like response upon exposure to an organophosphorous insecticide, fenthion. Recently, the Pto gene was isolated by a map-based cloning approach and was shown to be a member of a clustered multigene family with similarity to various protein-serine/threonine kinases. Another member of this family, termed Fen, was found to confer sensitivity to fenthion. The Pto protein shares 80% identity (87% similarity) with Fen. Here, Pto and Fen are shown to be functional protein kinases that probably participate in the same signal transduction pathway.

Die bedeutung der kühlhäuser an schlachthöfen für die landwirthschaft.

At head of title: Deutscher landwirthschaftsrath. XXV. Plenarversammlung 1897. Drucksache Nr. 10.

Er fen jian ti cao /

Mode of access: Internet.

Shi wu fen lei xing guo ce : [liu juan].

Mode of access: Internet.

Qin ding xin zuan liu bu chu fen ze li : wu shi er juan.

Mode of access: Internet.

Waatze Gribberts brilloft, kommeedje fen acht uitkomsten: rjeucht formeitselyk om te lezzen yn it Lân-friesk.

Mode of access: Internet.

Chongming da sheng fen chang di yi ci gu dong hui yi shi lu bing zhang lue.

Cover title.