981 resultados para Farmacologia e terapeutica : Odontologia


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O texto trata das novas demandas à formação em odontologia e dos desafios da profissionalização da atividade docente. Investigam-se as concepções de qualidade do ensino de 13 coordenadores de cursos de graduação em odontologia do Estado de São Paulo, procurando indicadores que contribuam para a elaboração de propostas de formação docente, numa perspectiva crítica e reflexiva sobre qualidade e sobre problemas da realidade brasileira na área. A partir de depoimentos colhidos por questionário e entrevistas, busca-se compreender e analisar dados relativos à dimensão político-estrutural da profissão. Os resultados apontam para a crise da odontologia nos aspectos de número de escolas, exaustão do modelo de atendimento, dilema ético dos profissionais e diminuição de prestígio, com visível crise destatus. Conclui-se que a transformação da crise em projeto político-pedagógico cria espaço para mudanças curriculares das faculdades de odontologia e acentua desafios quanto a orientações pedagógicas e competências da função docente.

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As novas demandas sociais e as diretrizes curriculares brasileiras para os cursos de odontologia colocam desafios à prática docente nas instituições de educação superior. Nesse contexto, investigam-se as concepções de qualidade de ensino universitário de professores que atuam como coordenadores de graduação nas faculdades de odontologia do Estado de São Paulo que possuem pós-graduação stricto-sensu, para refletir sobre os desafios da formação docente na área. Como instrumentos de levantamento de dados utilizou-se questionário, contendo perguntas abertas e fechadas e entrevista semi-estruturada, organizada para possibilitar o aprofundamento da discussão. Os dados foram descritos e discutidos mediante análise quantitativa e qualitativa, a partir das três dimensões da prática docente analisadas por Cunha (1995): político-estrutural, curricular e pedagógica. Para este artigo, focalizaram-se apenas os aspectos da dimensão pedagógica, na qual os pontos que expressam posturas mais contraditórias referem-se a métodos de ensino-aprendizagem, participação do aluno e tutoria. Os resultados apontam para concepções de ensino-aprendizagem que oscilam entre modelos tradicionais e inovadores, sinalizando pontos de conflito em relação a paradigmas que se articulam diretamente a questões curriculares e político-estruturais.

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Since 2002, which are in effect the Curriculum Guidelines for National Graduate courses in dentistry. The adequacy of the education needs of the Unified Health System is one of its main goals. As guidance, a way of achieving this goal is through supervised, which are presented as a tool for improving the academic scientific and technical, providing you know the reality of health and society in which to work. This study aims to examine the supply and distribution of supervised in graduate programs in dentistry in the state of Minas Gerais - Brazil. The material for analysis was obtained by sending letters to courses and consulting to its sites on the Internet. Were part of the study, 15 of the 23 courses in the state. It appeared that the load-hours of supervised showed variations between 315 and 975 hours, with only 20% of courses devoted 20% of the total working hours of supervised practice. There was no correlation between the total working hours of the course and working hours of supervised practice. The courses in which the supervised activities were represented only by extra muros showed a lower percentage of working hours in relation to total working hours of the course.

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Corrosion phenomena in a dental copper-based alloy are experimentally studied using electrochemical techniques. Two heating sources, torch and induction, were used in the casting experiments. In the corrosion essays, the optimum casting cycle and the polarization curves were obtained. It was found that the heating sources have little influence on the corrosion processes of the metallic alloys studied.

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Objective: To evaluate the intraexaminer reproducibility of static anthropometric measurements of undergraduate dental students as well as the characteristics and regulating measurements of the dental stools used by them. Methods: Forty volunteers and 6 types of dental stools were evaluated. For the anthropometric measurements the employed equipments were: an adapted office chair, aflexible measuring tape with two adapted rods, a metallic device with a 90 degree central angle, string, a 35 x 24 cm rectangular wooden board, isolating tape and crepe tape. In order to standardize the position of the adapted office chair and the volunteers' feet, the floor was marked with the isolating and crepe tapes. A string was attached to the waist of each volunteer to mark the area corresponding to the kidney region making it possible to measure the seat-renal region area. The examined anthropometric measurements were height, trunkcephalic heigh, sacral-popliteal distance (OK?), hip width, popliteal height and the seat-renal region height. The evaluated characteristics of the dental stools relative to the seat were depth, horizontal width and minimum/maximum height. The back of the dental stool was evaluated as for the minimum/ maximum height adjustment. The anthropometric and dental stool measurements were obtained by a single examiner at two moments with a 1-week interval between the evaluations. Intra-class correlation coefficient (ρ) was used to estimate the intraexaminer reproducibility. Results: Excellent reproducibility was observed for all anthropometric measurements obtained (ρ=0.99) as well as for all dental stools evaluated (ρ=0.99). Conclusion: The method used to obtain the anthropometric and dental stools measurements was reproducible and can be used reliably.

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Objective: To identify the perception of undergraduate dental students with respect of the risk factors present at the study/work place that could contribute to the development of musculoskeletal disorders. Method: A total of 348 undergraduate dental students from Araraquara Dental School - UNESP were evaluated. The Portuguese version of the Work-related activities that may contribute to job-related pain and/or injury questionnaire was used. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics. Results: The mean perception of the undergraduates was 5.68 (SD=1.92). The factors with highest mean values were continue working with some kind of pain or lesion (7.49, SD=2.55), bending or twisting the back in an uncomfortable manner (7.39, SD=2.59), working in uncomfortable/inadequate positions (7.27. SD=2.60) and working in the same position for long periods (7.02. SD=2.53). Overall, female students presented higher mean scores of perception than male students. The body parts with highest prevalence of pain were the neck (67.0%) and lower back (65.8%). Conclusion: The students showed perception in relation to the risk factors for musculoskeletal disorders present at the study/work place.

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Pós-graduação em Odontologia - FOA

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Pós-graduação em Ciências Odontológicas - FOAR