To determine if the ‘NIMBY’ phenomenon explains the slow progress of wind farm development or do institutional factors need to be taken in to consideration?

The threats posed by climate change are placing governments under increasing pressure to meet electricity demand from low carbon sources. Wind energy has been has been identified as one of the main technologies to help in meeting these demands. The public in general favour wind energy yet proposed targets for generation capacity lag behind proposed goals. The N IM B Y phenomenon has been suggested as one of the reasons why we are behind our wind generation capacity targets. It is a common mistake to take general support for granted and expect the public to support developments when confronted with them in their local area. In many cases it is not unheard of that governing bodies whether social, political, regulatory, environmental, or cultural can overrule general public support and halt developments. Motives to halt developments will vary depending on the institutional body involved. The problem with the term N IM B Y is that it is too basic a term to describe the broad spectrum of complex motives that various institutions including the public may have against a development. This research focuses on a case study where the developer had major problems with the local county council and its wind energy policies when he was erecting a wind turbine despite having gained planning permission. A survey questionnaire was also used as part o f the research to seek the perception a rural community had on wind energy. The research findings and results are discussed with respect to the literature review highlighting a general public support for wind energy and the influence institutional bodies have over the progress of developments.

Testing FCM technique for the wind energy scenarios in Finland

In the latter days, human activities constantly increase greenhouse gases emissions in the atmosphere, which has a direct impact on a global climate warming. Finland as European Union member, developed national structural plan to promote renewable energy generation, pursuing the aspects of Directive 2009/28/EC and put it on the sharepoint. Finland is on a way of enhancing national security of energy supply, increasing diversity of the energy mix. There are plenty significant objectives to develop onshore and offshore wind energy generation in country for a next few decades, as well as another renewable energy sources. To predict the future changes, there are a lot of scenario methods developed and adapted to energy industry. The Master’s thesis explored “Fuzzy cognitive maps” approach in scenarios developing, which captures expert’s knowledge in a graphical manner and using these captures for a raw scenarios testing and refinement. There were prospects of Finnish wind energy development for the year of 2030 considered, with aid of FCM technique. Five positive raw scenarios were developed and three of them tested against integrated expert’s map of knowledge, using graphical simulation. The study provides robust scenarios out of the preliminary defined, as outcome, assuming the impact of results, taken after simulation. The thesis was conducted in such way, that there will be possibilities to use existing knowledge captures from expert panel, to test and deploy different sets of scenarios regarding to Finnish wind energy development.

Sustainable Energy Plan for a Small Island Economy: St. Vincent & the Grenadines

This paper defines a sustainable energy plan to provide the basis for renewable energy initiatives that will increase energy security, reduce negative economic impacts and provide a cleaner environment. The hotel, agriculture, transportation, construction, utility, government and private sectors will play pivotal roles in achieving targets and will see significant gains. Government policies, educational campaigns and financial incentives will be required to facilitate and encourage renewable energy development and entrepreneurship. Utilization of solar energy, energy conservation measures and the use of efficient and alternative fuel vehicles by the commercial/industrial and private sectors will be crucial in meeting targets. The utility company will be charged with developing large scale renewable energy applications and with improving efficiency of the electrical system.

Institutional constraints on alternative water for energy : a guidebook for regional assessments /

"DOE/EV/10180-01."

Energy related inventions program : a joint program of the Department of Energy and the National Bureau of Standards : status report.

"October 1985."

FmHA biomass energy program [microform] : hearing before the Subcommittee on Agricultural Credit and Rural Electrification of the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry, United States Senate, Ninety-sixth Congress, second session, October 17, 1980--Lincoln, Nebr.

CIS Microfiche Accession Numbers: CIS 81 S161-15

Fiscal years 1983 and 1984 Environmental Protection Agency research and development authorization [microform] : hearings before the Subcommittee on Natural Resources, Agriculture Research, and Environment of the Committee on Science and Technology, U.S. House of Representatives, Ninety-seventh Congress, second session, February 24, March 2, 19, 1982.

"No. 124."

Fuel alcohol, an energy alternative for the 1980s : final report /

[v.1] Finalreport -- [v.2] Final report : appendix.

Multilateral energy and mineral investment insurance : hearing before the Subcommittee on International Economic Policy and Trade of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives, Ninety-sixth Congress, first session, September 11, 1979.

Item 1017

Federal r&d funding for energy : fiscal years 1971-84.

Mode of access: Internet.

Fiscal year 1982 Department of Energy authorization : hearings before the Committee on Science and Technology, U.S. House of Representatives, Ninety-seventh Congress, first session.

"No. 36"--Volume IV.

R & D initiatives for energy competitiveness /

"March, 1988".

A report on wind energy /

Presents an overview of the wind energy industry and discusses potential future wind energy development in Illinois.

Alternative energy in the Midwest : research and applications : conference proceedings, February 21-23, 1985, Schaumburg, Illinois /

Includes bibliographical references and index.

An integrated biomass energy system for Illinois agriculture : final report /

"Contract FY 81-8/AE-8."