Decomposição de NO em cobre suportado sobre zeólitas

No presente trabalho visou-se o estudo da eliminação dos compostos de nitrogênio, NOx, usando a decomposição direta sobre catalisadores de cobre suportado em zeólitas (ZSM-5, MCM-22 e Seta). Os catalisadores foram preparados pelo método de troca iônica com o meio básico obtendose catalisadores com teores de cobre variando entre 0,21% a 3,3% em peso. Os mesmo foram caracterizados através de análise química pela técnica absorção atômica (AA), área superficial (SET), isotermas de adsorção de nitrogênio, difração de Raios-X (DRX) e redução a temperatura programada (TPR). Os testes de atividade catalítica foram realizados através da reação de decomposição do NO em um reator tubular com leito fixo e fluxo contínuo. A mistura reacional era composta por 500 ppm de NO em hélio. Os produtos da reação foram analisados por espectrometria de infravermelho com transformada de fourier (do inglês, Fourier Transformed Infrared, FTIR), usando célula de gás. As medidas de absorção atômica permitiram calcular um nível de troca em relação a CU2+variando entre 7 e 46% nos catalisadores CuZSM-5, CuMCM-22 e CuSeta. As análises de DRX e das isotermas de adsorção de nitrogênio mostraram que a incorporação de cobre não alterou de forma significativa as estruturas das zeólitas. A análise de redução a temperatura programa (TPR) apresentou duas espécias de cobre presente nos catalisadores, Cu2+e Cu+ Na reação de decomposição dos compostos de nitrogênio, a atividade e a seletividade dos catalisadores é influenciada pela temperatura e pela acessibilidade do metal nas cavidades e nos poros das zeólitas. A partir dos testes de atividade catalítica provou-se que os suportes zeolíticos (MCM-22 e Seta) conduziram a valores de conversão de NO comparáveis ou melhores aos do suporte zeolítico ZSM-5, citado como sendo o melhor, até hoje, estudado para tal reação.

A PPCCIPS: a Política Pública da Coleta Complementar Itinerante e Programada de Sangue, sob a luz da teoria do ciclo da política pública

This study aimed to focus on aspects of public administration concerning the implementation of the public policy of complementary blood collection by the itinerant and scheduled PPCCIPS services either trough off local unity or mobile unit blood collection operations, which are managed by the State Institute of Hematology Arthur de Siqueira Cavalcanti - HEMORIO. The case study method was used in that public health institutional field, in search for a better understanding of responsibilities and management related to collection, serology, fractionation, storage and distribution of blood supply to almost all public hospitals and clinics, summed up to agreements with the single health system of the State of Rio de Janeiro. Bibliographic references, documentary and field data obtained through interviews and systematic observation in the public servants of HEMORIO workplaces, were treated by the analysis of the content method and the results of this research revealed the complexity of those services, and needs in outstanding aspects of infrastructure, equipment, logistics and personnel, which are critical for the achievement of the increased public collection of blood in the Rio de Janeiro State, endorsing the suggestions for the implementation of PPCCIPS in HEMORIO. The main point found in this research results concern the immanent ethical commitment of that public service personnel, including staff members and low ranking members as well, perceived due to a brief philosophical overlook on that personnel¿s attitudes. An important strategic aspect was revealed by the need for excellence of midia communications and education programs to implement the community involvement in the whole process. Final reflections point out that personnel posture is considered vital for the quality of the expected care of the technical activities and also for the quality of its final products release to the local public, fluminense, which is the irreplaceable human blood, and their derivatives. Despite the author¿s effort in this dissertation there is much more to be studied on that crucial theme.

A instrução programada e o treinamento na empresa

Após um breve histórico da instrução programada (I.P. )e da descrição de suas características e fundamentos teóricos, os dois primeiros, capítulos o presente estudo se cinge a pesquisas feitas pelo autor sobre os resultados didáticos e sobre a economicidade do treinamento de vendedores com o emprego das técnicas de I. P. na Olivetti brasileira, empresa pioneira no Brasil. na utilização deste método. Em pesquisa realizada em março de 1968. pelo autor, o levantamento de custos de treinamento, ministrado a um grupo de 161 neo vendedores, e a comparação destes custos com os que teria ocasionado o mesmo grupo ao ser treinado com a chamada instrução convencional (I.C.), levou à verificação das vantagens econômicas que a nova técnica oferece à empresa são apresentados a seguir, os resultados da segunda pesquisa sobre a eficiência didática deste tipo de treinamento. A pesquisa abrangeu o longo período de agosto de 1966 a maio de 1967. A aplicação de vários testes de aprendizagem, em um mesmo grupo de 24 indivíduos, conduziu o autor à conclusão sobre a melhor qualidade didática do treinamento, através da I.P, ao compará-la com a instrução convencional representada por aulas com as técnicas mais avançadas de educação Encerra-se este estudo com a apresentação de experiências feitas em outros Países, por um grupo de grandes empresas como a IBM 1 DuPont 1 Kodak, Bell Telephone, Schering, Spiegel e a Marinha Real Inglesa, que vieram corroborar com seus resultados os obtidos nas pesquisas do autor, nos seus dois aspectos: o econômico e o didático

Pirólise rápida catalítica do capim elefante utilizando materiais mesoporosos e óxidos metálicos para deoxigenação em bio-óleo

The fast pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass is a thermochemical conversion process for production energy which have been very atratactive due to energetic use of its products: gas (CO, CO2, H2, CH4, etc.), liquid (bio-oil) and charcoal. The bio-oil is the main product of fast pyrolysis, and its final composition and characteristics is intrinsically related to quality of biomass (ash disposal, moisture, content of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin) and efficiency removal of oxygen compounds that cause undesirable features such as increased viscosity, instability, corrosiveness and low calorific value. The oxygenates are originated in the conventional process of biomass pyrolysis, where the use of solid catalysts allows minimization of these products by improving the bio-oil quality. The present study aims to evaluate the products of catalytic pyrolysis of elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum) using solid catalysts as tungsten oxides, supported or not in mesoporous materials like MCM-41, derived silica from rice husk ash, aimed to reduce oxygenates produced in pyrolysis. The biomasss treatment by washing with heated water (CEL) or washing with acid solution (CELix) and application of tungsten catalysts on vapors from the pyrolysis process was designed to improve the pyrolysis products quality. Conventional and catalytic pyrolysis of biomass was performed in a micro-pyrolyzer, Py-5200, coupled to GC/MS. The synthesized catalysts were characterized by X ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, X ray fluorescence, temperature programmed reduction and thermogravimetric analysis. Kinetic studies applying the Flynn and Wall model were performed in order to evaluate the apparent activation energy of holoceluloce thermal decomposition on samples elephant grass (CE, CEL and CELix). The results show the effectiveness of the treatment process, reducing the ash content, and were also observed decrease in the apparent activation energy of these samples. The catalytic pyrolysis process converted most of the oxygenate componds in aromatics such as benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, etc

Dedução de Funções de Alívio para Priorização de Variantes de Chaveamento Adequadas à Eliminação de Sobrecargas

Eventually, violations of voltage limits at buses or admissible loadings of transmission lines and/or power transformers may occur by the power system operation. If violations are detected in the supervision process, corrective measures may be carried out in order to eliminate them or to reduce their intensity. Loading restriction is an extreme solution and should only be adopted as the last control action. Previous researches have shown that it is possible to control constraints in electrical systems by changing the network topology, using the technique named Corrective Switching, which requires no additional costs. In previous works, the proposed calculations for verifying the ability of a switching variant in eliminating an overload in a specific branch were based on network reduction or heuristic analysis. The purpose of this work is to develop analytical derivation of linear equations to estimate current changes in a specific branch (due to switching measures) by means of few calculations. For bus-bar coupling, derivations will be based on short-circuit theory and Relief Function methodology. For bus-bar splitting, a Relief Function will be derived based on a technique of equivalent circuit. Although systems of linear equations are used to substantiate deductions, its formal solution for each variant, in real time does not become necessary. A priority list of promising variants is then assigned for final check by an exact load flow calculation and a transient analysis using ATP Alternative Transient Program. At last, results obtained by simulation in networks with different features will be presented

Uso de funções de alívio para estimar o efeito de chaveamentos corretivos na eliminação de congestionamentos em sistemas de potência

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Efeitos da eliminação de neurônios infragranulares sobre a especificação de neurônios supragranulares do córtex cerebral

The cerebral cortex of mammals is histologically organized into different layers of excitatory neurons that have distinct patterns of connections with cortical or subcortical targets. During development, these cortical layers are established through an intricate combination of neuronal specification and migration in a radial pattern known as "insideout": deep-layer neurons are generated prior to upper-layer neurons. In the last few decades, several genes encoding transcription factors involved in the sequential specification of neurons destined to different cortical layers have been identified. However, the influence of early-generated neurons in the specification of subsequent neuronal cohorts remains unclear. To investigate this possible influence, we induced the selective death of cortical neurons from layer V and VI before the generation of layer II, III and IV neurons. Thus, we can evaluate the effects of ablation of early born neurons on the phenotype of late born neurons. Our data shows that one-day after ablation, layer VI neurons expressing the transcription factor TBR1 are newly generated while virtually no neuron expressing TBR1 was generated in the same age in control animals. This suggests that progenitors involved in the generation of neurons destined for superficial layers suffer interference from the selective death of neurons in deep layers, changing their specification. We also observed that while TBR1-positive neurons are located exclusively in deep cortical layers of control animals, many TBR1-positive neurons are misplaced in superficial layers of ablated animals, suggesting that the migration of cortical neurons could be controlled independently of neuronal phenotypes. Furthermore, we observed an increase in layer V neurons expressing CTIP2 and neurons expressing SATB2 and that these cells have changed their distributions. As a conclusion, our data indicate the existence of a mechanism of control exercised by the early-generated neurons in the cerebral cortex on the fate of the progenitors involved in the generation of the following cortical neurons. This mechanism could help to control the number of neurons in different layers and contribute to the establishment of different cortical areas

A eliminação do mosquito do dengue em ambientes residenciais: uma questão de cuidado ambiental?

Dengue is currently considered one of the most relevant public health problems worldwide. Studies indicate the surroundings of the houses as the preferred sites for the proliferation of Aedes aegypti. The residential areas are privileged environments for human development and contribute to the formation of the individual s identity and for the establishment of affective, social and cultural bonds. The purpose of this study was to investigate possible links between psychological indicators of pro-environmentalism and conservation status of residential backyards. Data collection was performed in 147 homes and methodological strategy involved the use of interview, the Scale of Ecocentric and Anthropocentric Environmentalism, Scale of Consideration of Future Consequences and a tool for environmental evaluation. It was found that the participants expressed as environmental practices the garbage recycling, besides they had the knowledge of how the transmission of dengue occurs. These residents showed ecofriendly motivated commitment: pro-environmentalist ecocentric and anthropocentric. In evaluating the backyard it was verified that the conservation conditions, in almost half of the homes, appeared as carelessness on the part of residents and those conditions are conducive to the proliferation of Aedes aegypti. The pro-environmentalists and guidance for the future identified by the scales were not associated with the conservation status of the backyards. However, it was found that the trends of reduction and stability of infestation levels are associated with self-reported environmental care. These results can contribute to the discussion and design of new mosquito control actions and practices of education and health information among the population

Eliminação do desbaste na cultura do algodoeiro

Este trabalho foi desenvolvido nos anos agrícolas de 1979/80 a 1982/83 em diferentes localidades no Estado de São Paulo, com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da eliminação do desbaste na cultura do algodoeiro Gossypium hirsutum L. O delineamento experimental empregado foi o de blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial, com seis tratamentos e seis repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos de 12 e 24 sementes/m, submetidas ao deslintamento mecânico, deslintamento mecânico + tratamento com fungicidas e deslintamento químico + tratamento com fungicidas. Para a avaliação dos resultados foram feitas duas análises conjuntas, com base na emergência das plantas: emergência normal e emergência tardia, estudando-se as características: emergência, produção, estande final, peso de capulho e semente, porcentagem e índice de fibra. Os resultados mostraram que em condições edafoclimáticas adversas à germinação ocorreu baixa emergência, causando, com isso, menor população de plantas, e, conseqüentemente, prejuízos à produção de algodão. Com maior estande ocorreram menores pesos de capulho e de sementes, e menor porcentagem e índice de fibra. Constatou-se que existe a viabilidade de eliminação da prática do desbaste por meio do tratamento das sementes com fungicidas aliado ao deslintamento químico, desde que o plantio seja efetuado em boas condições de ambiente à germinação.

Versão eletrônica de questionário e o controle de erros de resposta

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Proyeccion de componentes versus otras tecnicas para evaluar los logros de programas dirigidos a una reduccion programada de la fecundidad

Incluye Bibliografía

Análise de séries temporais de coordenadas estimadas com GPS: uma proposta metodológica para eliminação de efeitos sazonais

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Influência da ionosfera no posicionamento GPS: estimativas dos resíduos no contexto de duplas diferenças e eliminação dos efeitos de 2ª e 3ª ordem

Pós-graduação em Ciências Cartográficas - FCT