Análise de métodos para aplicação de ventilação natural em projetos de edificações em Natal-RN

Natural ventilation is an efficient bioclimatic strategy, one that provides thermal comfort, healthful and cooling to the edification. However, the disregard for quality environment, the uncertainties involved in the phenomenon and the popularization of artificial climate systems are held as an excuse for those who neglect the benefits of passive cooling. The unfamiliarity with the concept may be lessened if ventilation is observed in every step of the project, especially in the initial phase in which decisions bear a great impact in the construction process. The tools available in order to quantify the impact of projected decisions consist basically of the renovation rate calculations or computer simulations of fluids, commonly dubbed CFD, which stands for Computational Fluid Dynamics , both somewhat apart from the project s execution and unable to adapt for use in parametric studies. Thus, we chose to verify, through computer simulation, the representativeness of the results with a method of simplified air reconditioning rate calculation, as well as making it more compatible with the questions relevant to the first phases of the project s process. The case object consists of a model resulting from the recommendations of the Código de Obras de Natal/ RN, customized according to the NBR 15220. The study has shown the complexity in aggregating a CFD tool to the process and the need for a method capable of generating data at the compatible rate to the flow of ideas and are discarded during the project s development. At the end of our study, we discuss the necessary concessions for the realization of simulations, the applicability and the limitations of both the tools used and the method adopted, as well as the representativeness of the results obtained

Qualificação de edifícios residenciais verticais em Natal/RN à luz do regulamento técnico da qualidade para o nível de eficiência energética de edificações residenciais (RTQ-R)

The goal of the research was to investigate the energy performance of residential vertical buildings envelope in the hot and humid climate of Natal, capital of Rio Grande do Norte, based in the Technical Regulation of Quality for Energy Efficiency Level in Residential Buildings (RTQ -R), launched in 2010. The study pretends to contribute to the development of design strategies appropriate to the specific local climate and the increasing of energy efficiency level of the envelope. The methodological procedures included the survey in 22 (twenty two) residential buildings, the formulation of representative prototypes based on typological and constructives characters researched and the classification of the level of energy efficiency in the envelopment of these prototypes, using as a tool the prescriptive method of the RTQ-R and the parametric analyzes from assigning different values of the following variables: shape of the pavement type; distribution of housing compartments; orientation of the building; area and shading of openings; thermal transmittance, and solar absorptance of opaque materials of the frontage in order to evaluate the influence of these on the envelopment performance. The main results accomplished with this work includes the qualification of vertical residential buildings in Natal/RN; the verification of the adequacy of these buildings to local climate based from the diagnosis of the thermal energy of the envelopment performance, the identification of variables with more significant influence on the prescriptive methodology of RTQ-R and design solutions more favorable to obtain higher levels energy efficiency by this method. Finally, it was verified, that some of these solutions proved contradictory in relation to the recommendations contained in the theoretical approaches regarding environmental comfort in hot and humid weather, which indicates the need for improvement of the prescriptive method RTQ-R and further research on efficient design solutions

Análises de elementos arquitetônicos de proteção solar em edificações institucionais na cidade de Natal/RN Diretrizes projetuais

The present work concerns the use of shade elements as architectural elements to block sunlight in public buildings. In a city like Natal, (5o South) the incidence of sunrays in any type of design should be a constant concern for all the architects. Besides, this habit of avoiding insolation in the environment is not a common practice. Within this context, the present work has the objective to dig deep into the knowledge of solar control, studying some cases and verifying its function according to the orientation and the original design of the building, having in mind if the shade elements usually used in the region have achieved their purpose of providing protection against the incidence of direct sun rays. This study considers the position of the shade element (horizontal and vertical), the angle formed between them and the respective facades, and the local of the buildings in relation to their orientation during the summer, winter and equinox solstice. As supporting instruments the solar map of the city and the protractor, for measuring shade angles, were used. It was concluded that in all the cases studied, it was not possible to obtain the maximum use of the elements. It was verified that the best type of shade element (more efficient) for the city of Natal is the mixed type (horizontal and vertical) and that the vertical shade elements are more efficient in the early mornings and late afternoon. The horizontal shade elements are used more effective at midday. We intend to present the results of this study to the architects in the region in order to show them the correct ways of using the shade elements according to the possible orientation on the facade, as a supporting tool at the time of designing a project as well as a subsidy for further discussions on the elaboration of the new urban standards for the city of Natal/RN

A contribuição de técnicas modernas de reabilitação estrutural para autenticidade e integridade de edificações patrimoniais

This work discusses the study of the application of structural reinforcement and rehabilitation using modern techniques for interventions in repair works of historical buildings as well as the verification of the behavior of works that have already undergone different structural intervention techniques, with the objective of obtaining data to allow a comparative analysis of the advantages/disadvantages of techniques adapted in each case, regarding the interferences related the authenticity and integrity of the buildings belong to the constructed patrimony so as to obtain a basis for the theoretical foundation for choosing the best solution to be adopted in the case study which consists in an intervention of structural rehabilitation of the old historic building in the primary school "Augusto Severo"

Estudos e propriedades mecânicas de um novo tipo de bloco cerâmico híbrido para edificações em alvenarias estruturais

This dissertation presents a hybrid ceramic block the use of which reside in the buildings executed with walls. Initially, we conducted a survey on the requirements and / or norms prevailing in Brazil about structural ceramic blocks, making use of the experiences in other countries. This work seeks new materials and / or products in order to maintain or increase the compressive strength of the ceramic blocks, without neglecting the other properties. Then was collected materials (clay and crushed powder) and an approach on the characterization, through fluorescence, Mineralogy, vitrification curve and characterization of these materials used in the manufacture of the blocks by Ray Diffraction "X" and SEM. Subsequently it was made, numbered and measured dimensions of about 150 bodies of the test piece (hybrid ceramic blocks in small sizes) with varying percentages of 0%, 5%, 10% and 15% substitution of crushed clay powder. After sintering of the bodies of the test piece at temperatures of 900oC, 1000oC 1100oC and with a heating rate of 5oC/minuto and level of 1 hour, the samples were submitted to the tests (compressive strength and water absorption) and calculated their retractions, which were subsequently carried out the analysis of the results according to the criteria and parameters required by Brazilian legislation and standards in force

Estimação da demanda de instalações elétricas de edificações com múltiplas unidades de consumo

This work aims to predict the total maximum demand of a transformer that will be used in power systems to attend a Multiple Unit Consumption (MUC) in design. In 1987, COSERN noted that calculation of maximum total demand for a building should be different from that which defines the scaling of the input protection extension in order to not overestimate the power of the transformer. Since then there have been many changes, both in consumption habits of the population, as in electrical appliances, so that this work will endeavor to improve the estimation of peak demand. For the survey, data were collected for identification and electrical projects in different MUCs located in Natal. In some of them, measurements were made of demand for 7 consecutive days and adjusted for an integration interval of 30 minutes. The estimation of the maximum demand was made through mathematical models that calculate the desired response from a set of information previously known of MUCs. The models tested were simple linear regressions, multiple linear regressions and artificial neural networks. The various calculated results over the study were compared, and ultimately, the best answer found was put into comparison with the previously proposed model

Reestruturação da disciplina "Física I" do Curso de Tecnólogo em Gerência de Obras de Edificações do CEFET/PB

The aim of the present paper is to reorganize a discipline on technological physics so that the construction site of civil engineering becomes a natural environment of learning, providing the learner with the association between theory and practice as well as allowing the subject to process, in real time, information generated from his cognitive constructions and his contextualizations. Thus, a sequence of actions was taken into account: firstly, the programme was developed in the classroom, sharing with its contextualized information through experiments done under supervision by the learners in laboratories; secondly, the data which associate physics with construction were collected and, to do so, technical visits to construction sites were realized, providing the learner the association between the theory and the practice in a suitable site to the constructivist approach. As a result, the first discipline on physics of the Curso de Tecnólogos em Gerência de Obras de Edificações do CEFET/PB was re-structured in terms of syllabus, methodology, application and evaluation. In fact, this work deals with a dynamic process that gathers and gives emphasis to teaching, learning, technology, information, creativity, competence and abilities in a constructivist learning process and, as a consequence, having allowed institutional engagement

Extração semi-automática de edificações com análise do modelo numérico de elevações

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Avaliação da ventilação e insolação em edificações na região de Bauru - SP

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Energia na Agricultura) - FCA

Análise da relação entre desenho e implantação de edificações unifamiliares e o consumo de energia

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Análise de edificações de aço considerando a ação diafragma

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Gestão energética e ambiental de edificações: avaliação de metodologias para certificação

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Mecânica - FEG

Conforto térmico em edificações

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Mecânica - FEG

Influência do sombreamento natural de duas espécies arbóreas na temperatura de edificações

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Competências necessárias para atuação do arquiteto como coordenador do processo de projeto de edificações (Estudo de caso)

O presente trabalho procurou identificar as competências necessárias, no processo de formação profissional do Arquiteto e urbanista, durante a graduação, tendo como foco a sua atuação como coordenador do processo de Projeto de edificações. A pesquisa utilizou uma metodologia qualitativa com enfoque exploratório e descritivo, envolvendo coleta de dados através de pesquisa de opinião. Foram analisados dados como: Resoluções do MEC e CONFEA/CREA, grades curriculares das Faculdades de Arquitetura e Urbanismo da Região Metropolitana de Belém-PA e a percepção de alunos e arquitetos (docentes e profissionais liberais) através de entrevistas, tendo como principal resultado uma proposta de reformulação curricular na formação do arquiteto e urbanista, através da inclusão de conhecimentos sobre coordenação do processo de projeto de edificações, com o objetivo de atender as necessidades deste profissional no campo de trabalho. O principal resultado obtido, foi uma proposta para o desenvolvimento de competências que procura trabalhar através de conhecimentos, habilidades e atitudes relacionados aos conteúdos, experiências de aprendizagem e formas de avaliação, a melhor forma de contribuir de forma efetiva com a formação do arquiteto e urbanista, com o objetivo possibilitar que este profissional possa atuar como coordenador do processo de projeto de edificações.