975 resultados para ECOLOGICAL DISTRIBUTION


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BACKGROUND: The historical orogenesis and associated climatic changes of mountain areas have been suggested to partly account for the occurrence of high levels of biodiversity and endemism. However, their effects on dispersal, differentiation and evolution of many groups of plants are still unknown. In this study, we examined the detailed diversification history of Primula sect. Armerina, and used biogeographic analysis and macro-evolutionary modeling to investigate a series of different questions concerning the evolution of the geographical and ecological distribution of the species in this section. RESULTS: We sequenced five chloroplast and one nuclear genes for species of Primula sect. Armerina. Neither chloroplast nor nuclear trees support the monophyly of the section. The major incongruences between the two trees occur among closely related species and may be explained by hybridization. Our dating analyses based on the chloroplast dataset suggest that this section began to diverge from its relatives around 3.55 million years ago, largely coinciding with the last major uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP). Biogeographic analysis supports the origin of the section in the Himalayan Mountains and dispersal from the Himalayas to Northeastern QTP, Western QTP and Hengduan Mountains. Furthermore, evolutionary models of ecological niches show that the two P. fasciculata clades have significantly different climatic niche optima and rates of niche evolution, indicating niche evolution under climatic changes and further providing evidence for explaining their biogeographic patterns. CONCLUSION: Our results support the hypothesis that geologic and climatic events play important roles in driving biological diversification of organisms in the QTP area. The Pliocene uplift of the QTP and following climatic changes most likely promoted both the inter- and intraspecific divergence of Primula sect. Armerina. This study also illustrates how niche evolution under climatic changes influences biogeographic patterns.

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Georgia is known for its extraordinary rich biodiversity of plants, which may now be threatened due to the spread of invasive alien plants (IAP). We aimed to identify (i) the most prominent IAP out of 9 selected potentially invasive and harmful IAP IAP by predicting thetheir distribution of 9 selected IAP under current and future climate conditions in Georgia as well as in its 43 Protected Areas, as a proxy for areas of high conservation value and (ii) the Protected Areas most at risk due to these IAP. We used species distribution models based on 6 climate variables and then filtered the obtained distributions based on maps of soil and vegetation types, and on recorded occurrences, resulting into the predicted ecological distribution of the 9 IAP's at a resolution of 1km2. We foundOur habitat suitability analysis showed that Ambrosia artemisiifolia, (24% and 40%) Robinia pseudoacaia (14% and 19%) and Ailanthus altissima (9% and 11%) have the largest potential distribution are the most abundant (predicted % area covered)d) IAP, with Ailanthus altissima the potentially most increasing one over the next fifty years (from 9% to 13% and from 11% to 25%), for Georgia and the Protected Areas, respectively. Furthermore, our results show indicate two areas in Georgia that are under specifically high threat, i.e. the area around Tbilisi and an area in the western part of Georgia (Adjara), both at lower altitudes. Our procedure to identify areas of high conservation value most at risk by IAP has been applied for the first time. It will help national authorities in prioritizing their measures to protect Georgia's outstanding biodiversity from the negative impact of IAP.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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A new occurrence of the genus Doliocatella (Cyanophyceae, Cyanobacteria) is reported. The type species of the genus, D. formosa, is described from a stream of the tropical Amazonian rainforest (Manaus, Amazonas State, Brazil). A detailed taxonomic description with photomicrographs and ecological characteristics are provided based on the three worldwide species records. D. formosa is characterized by the presence of uniseriate main filaments, cylindrical branches, and mostly cylindrical cells; heterocytes are absent. D. formosa occurs under limited and special conditions, i.e. habitats with low pH and relatively high temperatures. The species has a restricted ecological distribution, limited to tropical lotic ecosystems, but it is found over a relatively wide geographical range.

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Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Biologia Vegetal) - IBRC

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Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Biologia Vegetal) - IBRC

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Corallus hortulanus é uma espécie conhecida por apresentar grande variação no padrão de coloração e desenho, além de apresentar a maior distribuição geográfica e ecológica dentre as serpentes Neotropicais. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a variação morfológica nos padrões de cor e desenho, verificar se estes padrões estão relacionados à presença dos rios amazônicos, verificar o grau de estruturação genética entre as populações de C. hortulanus ao longo de sua distribuição e verificar se os principais interflúvios ao sul da bacia amazônica representam populações geneticamente estruturadas. Foram analisados as cores e desenhos de 125 espécimes e geradas 103 sequências de Citb e 38 de COI. Um total de seis morfotipos foram descritos para as populações ao sul do Rio Amazonas. Verificou-se que os rios ao sul do Rio Amazonas apresentaram um padrão misto, onde Tocantins, Xingu e Madeira não influenciaram na estruturação genética, enquanto que os rios Purus e Tapajós se apresentaram como barreira geográfica para as populações de C. hortulanus, sendo que apenas em um caso a estruturação é encontrada em todas as análises (Purus).

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)