Properties of DLC films deposited by an oxyacetylene flame

Diamond-like carbon (DLC) films were obtained by spinning a tungsten carbide substrate at a high speed using an oxyacetylene flame. The films deposited at a typical experimental condition of substrate temperature of 810 degrees C, rotation of 600 rpm and 3 h deposition time, exhibited an uniform, very smooth, hard and glassy surface covering the entire exposed face of the substrate. These films were identified as DLC by their characteristic broad Raman spectra centered at 1554 cm(-1) and micro-Vicker's hardness > 3400 kg mm(-2). For substrate temperatures < 800 degrees C the film started losing the uniform glassy surface and the hardness deteriorated. For temperatures > 950 degrees C the film was still hard and shiny, but black in color. DLC films were also obtained in a wide range of speeds of rotation (300-750 rpm), as long as the temperature remained close to 850 degrees C. (C) 1999 Elsevier B.V. S.A. All rights reserved.

Preload Evaluation of Different Screws in External Hexagon Joint

Purpose: This study compared the maintenance of tightening torque in different retention screw types of implant-supported crowns.Materials and Methods: Twelve metallic crowns in UCLA abutments cast with cobalt-chromium alloy were attached to external hexagon osseointegrated implants with different retention screws: group A: titanium alloy retention screw; group B: gold alloy retention screw with gold coating; group C: titanium alloy retention screw with diamond-like carbon film coating; and group D: titanium alloy retention screw with aluminum titanium nitride coating. Three detorque measurements were obtained after torque insertion in each replica. Data were evaluated by analysis of variance (ANOVA), Tukey's test (P < 0.05), and t test (P < 0.05).Results: Detorque value reduced in all groups (P < 0.05). Group A retained the highest percentage of torque in comparison with the other groups (P < 0.05). Groups B and D retained the lowest percentage of torque without statistically significant difference between them (P < 0.05).Conclusions: All screw types exhibited reduction in the detorque value. The titanium screw maintained the highest percentage of torque whereas the gold-coated screw and the titanium screw with aluminum titanium nitride coating retained the lowest percentage. (Implant Dent 2012;21:46-50)

Effectiveness of Screw Surface Coating on the Stability of Zirconia Abutments After Cyclic Loading

Purpose: Different surface treatments have been developed in attempts to prevent the loosening of abutment screws. The aim of the current study was to compare the effectiveness of titanium alloy screws with tungsten-doped diamond-like carbon (W-DLC) coating and uncoated screws in providing stability to zirconia (ZrO2) ceramic abutments after cyclic loading. Materials and Methods: Twenty prefabricated ZrO2 ceramic abutments on their respective external-hex implants were divided into two groups of equal size according to the type of screw used: uncoated titanium alloy screw (Ti) or titanium alloy screw with W-DLC coating (W-DLC/Ti). The removal torque value (preload) of the abutment screw was measured before and after loading. Cyclic loading between 11 and 211 N was applied at an angle of 30 degrees to the long axis of the implants at a frequency of 15 Hz. A target of 0.5 x 10(6) cycles was defined. Group means were calculated and compared using analysis of variance and the F test (alpha=.05). Results: Before cyclic loading, the preload for Ti screws was significantly higher than that for W-DLC/Ti screws (P=.021). After cyclic loading, there was no significant difference between them (P=.499). Conclusions: Under the studied conditions, it can be concluded that, after cyclic loading, both abutment screws presented a significant reduction in the mean retained preload and similar effectiveness in maintaining preload. INT J ORAL MAXILLOFAC IMPLANTS 2012;27:1061-1067

Efetividade de parafusos com tratamento de superfície na estabilidade de pilares em zircônia após carga cíclica

Pós-graduação em Reabilitação Oral - FOAR

Efeito da incorporação de flúor nas propriedades de superfície de filmes DE aC:H

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Cell adhesion and growth on surfaces modified by plasma and ion implantation

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Influence of Implant Drill Materials on Wear, Deformation, and Roughness After Repeated Drilling and Sterilization

Purpose:The aim of this study was to evaluate deformation, roughness, and mass loss of stainless steel, diamond-like carbon (DLC)-coated and zirconia drills after multiple osteotomies with sterilization procedures.Materials and Methods:Drilling procedures were performed using stainless steel (G1), DLC-coated (G2), and zirconia (G3) drills. All groups were divided in subgroups 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, corresponded to drills used 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 times, respectively.Results:No significant differences in mass and roughness were detected among all groups and subgroups. In SEM images, all groups revealed signs of wear while coating delamination was detected in G2. Drills from G1 displayed more irregular surface, whereas cutting edges were more regular in G3.Conclusion:Zirconia drills presented more regular surfaces whereas stainless steel drills revealed more severe signs of wear. Further studies must be performed to evaluate the putative influence of these findings in heat generation.

Efeito do recobrimento de filmes de carbono tipo diamante depositados a plasma na manutenção do torque de parafusos protéticos

Pós-graduação em Odontologia Restauradora - ICT

Efeito in vivo da deposição de filmes de DLC com e sem nanopartículas de prata sobre liga de titânio para utilização em próteses articulares

Pós-graduação em Biopatologia Bucal - ICT

Retorque de parafusos de pilares protéticos com recobrimento de carbono tipo diamante: uma análise da manutenção do torque após fadiga mecânica

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Retorque de parafusos de pilares protéticos com recobrimento de carbono tipo diamante: uma análise da manutenção do torque após fadiga mecânica

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Preload Evaluation of Different Screws in External Hexagon Joint

Purpose: This study compared the maintenance of tightening torque in different retention screw types of implant-supported crowns. Materials and Methods: Twelve metallic crowns in UCLA abutments cast with cobalt-chromium alloy were attached to external hexagon osseointegrated implants with different retention screws: group A: titanium alloy retention screw; group B: gold alloy retention screw with gold coating; group C: titanium alloy retention screw with diamond-like carbon film coating; and group D: titanium alloy retention screw with aluminum titanium nitride coating. Three detorque measurements were obtained after torque insertion in each replica. Data were evaluated by analysis of variance (ANOVA), Tukey's test (P < 0.05), and t test (P < 0.05). Results: Detorque value reduced in all groups (P < 0.05). Group A retained the highest percentage of torque in comparison with the other groups (P < 0.05). Groups B and D retained the lowest percentage of torque without statistically significant difference between them (P < 0.05). Conclusions: All screw types exhibited reduction in the detorque value. The titanium screw maintained the highest percentage of torque whereas the gold-coated screw and the titanium screw with aluminum titanium nitride coating retained the lowest percentage. (Implant Dent 2012;21:46-50)

Caratterizzazione tribologica e microstrutturale di acciai sottoposti a trattamenti duplex (trattamenti termochimici di diffusione seguiti da deposizione di rivestimenti in carbonio amorfo DLC)

Lo studio condotto in questa tesi ha lo scopo di esplorare possibili soluzioni alternative per aumentare la vita in esercizio di componenti per un contatto tribologico da strisciamento in motori idraulici. In particolare, per limitare l’usura e ridurre l’attrito fra i corpi a contatto, è stata presa in considerazione la deposizione di rivestimenti in carbonio amorfo idrogenato, appartenenti alla famiglia dei rivestimenti DLC (Diamond-Like Carbon), prodotti con tecnologia PACVD (Plasma Assisted Chemical Vapour Deposition), grazie alla collaborazione con la ditta STS srl presso la quale sono state prodotte ed in parte caratterizzate diverse tipologie di strati sottili a base carbonio-carbonio. Questa scelta è stata motivata dal fatto che i rivestimenti DLC combinano basso attrito ed alta resistenza ad usura, dato che l’elevata durezza (e resistenza ad usura) è data dalla presenza di un’elevata frazione di C ibridati sp3 (con struttura simil-diamante) fra loro interconnessi, mentre la tendenza al basso attrito contro la maggior parte degli antagonisti deriva dalla struttura lamellare (quindi a basso sforzo di taglio), tipica del C sp2 (simil-grafite), che permette lo scorrimento fra i piani basali. Nel corso del presente lavoro sono quindi stati presi in esame due gruppi di rivestimenti DLC, differenziati in base alla tipologia di interstrato impiegato per moderare le tensioni residue e migliorare l’adesione (CrN singolo strato o WC/C multistrato), depositati su acciaio 20MnV6 sottoposto preliminarmente a cementazione gassosa per ottenere una adeguata capacità di supporto del carico. Gli strati in esame sono stati caratterizzati dal punto di vista microstrutturale e meccanico (con prove sia di adesione e con prove di nanoindentazione). Successivamente, i materiali rivestiti sono stati sottoposti a prove tribologiche di laboratorio (block-on-ring) in condizioni di strisciamento non lubrificato, per effettuare una valutazione comparativa fra i rivestimenti ed identificare i meccanismi di usura prevalenti nelle diverse coppie tribologiche.

The tribology of linear tape recording systems

This thesis is devoted to the tribology at the head~to~tape interface of linear tape recording systems, OnStream ADRTM system being used as an experimental platform, Combining experimental characterisation with computer modelling, a comprehensive picture of the mechanisms involved in a tape recording system is drawn. The work is designed to isolate the mechanisms responsible for the physical spacing between head and tape with the aim of minimising spacing losses and errors and optimising signal output. Standard heads-used in ADR current products-and prototype heads- DLC and SPL coated and dummy heads built from a AI203-TiC and alternative single-phase ceramics intended to constitute the head tape-bearing surface-are tested in controlled environment for up to 500 hours (exceptionally 1000 hours), Evidences of wear on the standard head are mainly observable as a preferential wear of the TiC phase of the AI203-TiC ceramic, The TiC grains are believed to delaminate due to a fatigue wear mechanism, a hypothesis further confirmed via modelling, locating the maximum von Mises equivalent stress at a depth equivalent to the TiC recession (20 to 30 nm). Debris of TiC delaminated residues is moreover found trapped within the pole-tip recession, assumed therefore to provide three~body abrasive particles, thus increasing the pole-tip recession. Iron rich stain is found over the cycled standard head surface (preferentially over the pole-tip and to a lesser extent over the TiC grains) at any environment condition except high temperature/humidity, where mainly organic stain was apparent, Temperature (locally or globally) affects staining rate and aspect; stain transfer is generally promoted at high temperature. Humidity affects transfer rate and quantity; low humidity produces, thinner stains at higher rate. Stain generally targets preferentially head materials with high electrical conductivity, i.e. Permalloy and TiC. Stains are found to decrease the friction at the head-to-tape interface, delay the TiC recession hollow-out and act as a protective soft coating reducing the pole-tip recession. This is obviously at the expense of an additional spacing at the head-to-tape interface of the order of 20 nm. Two kinds of wear resistant coating are tested: diamond like carbon (DLC) and superprotective layer (SPL), 10 nm and 20 to 40 nm thick, respectively. DLC coating disappears within 100 hours due possibly to abrasive and fatigue wear. SPL coatings are generally more resistant, particularly at high temperature and low humidity, possibly in relation with stain transfer. 20 nm coatings are found to rely on the substrate wear behaviour whereas 40 nm coatings are found to rely on the adhesive strength at the coating/substrate interface. These observations seem to locate the wear-driving forces 40 nm below the surface, hence indicate that for coatings in the 10 nm thickness range-· i,e. compatible with high-density recording-the substrate resistance must be taken into account. Single-phase ceramic as candidate for wear-resistant tape-bearing surface are tested in form of full-contour dummy-heads. The absence of a second phase eliminates the preferential wear observed at the AI203-TiC surface; very low wear rates and no evidence of brittle fracture are observed.

Caratterizzazione meccanica ad alta temperatura dell'acciaio inossidabile AISI 316L prodotto con processo additivo

Analisi meccanica e microstrutturale a temperatura ambiente e alta temperatura (400 °C) dell'acciaio inossidabile AISI 316L prodotto tramite additive manufacturing (Laser Powder Bed Fusion) e rivestito con un sistema multistrato composto da nichelatura al fosforo e diamond like carbon. Il materiale è stato testato meccanicamente tramite prove di trazione, fatica a basso numero di cicli e durezza. Queste hanno dimostrato come il rivestimento non modifica significativamente le proprietà a trazione del materiale (sia a 20°C che a 400 °C) mentre allunga notevolmente la vita a fatica del provino a temperatura ambiente. Le analisi di durezza hanno evidenziato il diverso comportamento del rivestimento a temperatura ambiente e a 400 °C in quanto, alla temperatura di 300 °C, subisce una ricristallizzazione che ne determina un indurimento. L'analisi microstrutturale ha previsto l'osservazione del materiale al microscopio ottico ed elettronico a scansione FEG-SEM, la quale ha permesso di identificare i melt pool, grani colonnari e struttura cellulare che compongono il materiale. La struttura cellulare scompare a 400 °C mentre i melt pool ed i grani colonnari restano invariati. Oltre a queste analisi sono state svolte anche delle osservazioni per quanto riguarda le superfici di frattura del materiale le quali hanno mostrato una tipologia di frattura duttile nei provini di trazione mentre i campioni a fatica presentano una tipica frattura a fatica, ovvero che comprende un innesco, una zona di propagazione della cricca ed una zona di rottura di schianto. I campioni rivestiti presentavano l'innesco nella zona interfacciale tra substrato e rivestimento a causa delle tensioni residue, nonostante l'adesione del rivestimento con l'acciaio fosse ottimale.