The effects of postnatal health education for mothers on infant care and family planning practices in Nepal: a randomised controlled trial

Objectives: To evaluate impact of postnatal health education for mothers on infant care and postnatal family planning practices in Nepal.

Lois de Manou : comprenant les institutions religieuses et civiles des Indiens /

At head of title: Manava-dharma-sastra.

Vedic lore : part II /

"Supplement. Information for strangers [about the Vedic Mission]": p. i-xv (second grouping).

Stochastic dynamic programming for election timing: A game theory approach

In this paper, we consider dynamic programming for the election timing in the majoritarian parliamentary system such as in Australia, where the government has a constitutional right to call an early election. This right can give the government an advantage to remain in power for as long as possible by calling an election, when its popularity is high. On the other hand, the opposition's natural objective is to gain power, and it will apply controls termed as "boosts" to reduce the chance of the government being re-elected by introducing policy and economic responses. In this paper, we explore equilibrium solutions to the government, and the opposition strategies in a political game using stochastic dynamic programming. Results are given in terms of the expected remaining life in power, call and boost probabilities at each time at any level of popularity.

Effects of antenatal multiple micronutrient supplementation on lung function in mid-childhood : follow-up of a double-blind randomised controlled trial in Nepal

Date of Acceptance: 12/12/2014 Support statement: This study was funded by the Wellcome Trust (Ref 092121/Z/10/Z), who played no role in its conception, methods, analysis or interpretation. Funding information for this article has been deposited with FundRef.

Effects of antenatal multiple micronutrient supplementation on lung function in mid-childhood : follow-up of a double-blind randomised controlled trial in Nepal

Date of Acceptance: 12/12/2014 Support statement: This study was funded by the Wellcome Trust (Ref 092121/Z/10/Z), who played no role in its conception, methods, analysis or interpretation. Funding information for this article has been deposited with FundRef.

Metaphysics of love in the religious philosophy of Pável Florensky

This article focuses on the analysis of the concept of love in the religious philosophy of Pavel Florensky, who shares the ontological approach to the consideration of love with other representatives of Russian religious philosophy (N. berdyaev and S. bulgakov). We pay more careful attention to the understanding of love-άγαπαν by Florensky. We have drawn the conclusion that, in the philosophy of P. Florensky, Love, closely connected with truth and beauty, is considered an ontological basis existence of personality. We develop the ideas of Pavel Florensky, and accordingly assume that it is possible to synthesise love-agape and love-eros around the idea of sacrificial love. Agapelogical and erotical ‘bezels’ of one jewel of love is aspects of united love, which is given by God. this gift of God, the gift of united love, is kept by humans through prayer and deeds of love.

Scheduling of track inspection and maintenance activities in railroad networks

The U.S. railroad companies spend billions of dollars every year on railroad track maintenance in order to ensure safety and operational efficiency of their railroad networks. Besides maintenance costs, other costs such as train accident costs, train and shipment delay costs and rolling stock maintenance costs are also closely related to track maintenance activities. Optimizing the track maintenance process on the extensive railroad networks is a very complex problem with major cost implications. Currently, the decision making process for track maintenance planning is largely manual and primarily relies on the knowledge and judgment of experts. There is considerable potential to improve the process by using operations research techniques to develop solutions to the optimization problems on track maintenance. In this dissertation study, we propose a range of mathematical models and solution algorithms for three network-level scheduling problems on track maintenance: track inspection scheduling problem (TISP), production team scheduling problem (PTSP) and job-to-project clustering problem (JTPCP). TISP involves a set of inspection teams which travel over the railroad network to identify track defects. It is a large-scale routing and scheduling problem where thousands of tasks are to be scheduled subject to many difficult side constraints such as periodicity constraints and discrete working time constraints. A vehicle routing problem formulation was proposed for TISP, and a customized heuristic algorithm was developed to solve the model. The algorithm iteratively applies a constructive heuristic and a local search algorithm in an incremental scheduling horizon framework. The proposed model and algorithm have been adopted by a Class I railroad in its decision making process. Real-world case studies show the proposed approach outperforms the manual approach in short-term scheduling and can be used to conduct long-term what-if analyses to yield managerial insights. PTSP schedules capital track maintenance projects, which are the largest track maintenance activities and account for the majority of railroad capital spending. A time-space network model was proposed to formulate PTSP. More than ten types of side constraints were considered in the model, including very complex constraints such as mutual exclusion constraints and consecution constraints. A multiple neighborhood search algorithm, including a decomposition and restriction search and a block-interchange search, was developed to solve the model. Various performance enhancement techniques, such as data reduction, augmented cost function and subproblem prioritization, were developed to improve the algorithm. The proposed approach has been adopted by a Class I railroad for two years. Our numerical results show the model solutions are able to satisfy all hard constraints and most soft constraints. Compared with the existing manual procedure, the proposed approach is able to bring significant cost savings and operational efficiency improvement. JTPCP is an intermediate problem between TISP and PTSP. It focuses on clustering thousands of capital track maintenance jobs (based on the defects identified in track inspection) into projects so that the projects can be scheduled in PTSP. A vehicle routing problem based model and a multiple-step heuristic algorithm were developed to solve this problem. Various side constraints such as mutual exclusion constraints and rounding constraints were considered. The proposed approach has been applied in practice and has shown good performance in both solution quality and efficiency.

Arte meditativo y contemplativo en la pintura budista china: el camino del silencio sagrado

En el budismo existen dos tipos de meditación: analítica y de concentración. Teniendo en cuenta que la mente es la causa de todas las creaciones artísticas, y que la pintura es considerada por el budismo una práctica más de meditación, se analizarán los procesos que llevan a la realización de una pintura, pudiendo hacerse una división en dos grandes grupos y denominarlas “pinturas meditativas” de concentración, que siguen la escuela Chan, y “pinturas meditativas” analíticas, que siguen el resto de las escuelas Chinas. . Las pinturas de meditación de concentración suelen ser completadas en una sola sesión y con una sola tinta. De composiciones muy sencillas, libres y espontáneas son realizadas en la intimidad e igualmente contempladas en soledad. Analizaremos sus características, el proceso y la motivación con que fueron realizadas estas pinturas defendiendo la hipótesis de que eran para los monjes budistas, un ejercicio de meditación individual de atención plena cuyo medio y resultado es una creación artística. Las pinturas de meditación analítica son imágenes más complejas, que se realizan en varias sesiones y con la incorporación de más elementos y colores. Las hemos clasificado en: figurativas, ilustrativas y devocionales. Las figurativas se centran solo en la representación de las imágenes de manera individual y se realizan en su gran mayoría, sobre papel o seda. Las ilustrativas sirven para mostrar todo el universo budista, y se representan en diferentes soportes, incluidas las pinturas murales de templos, santuarios y monasterios. Y las devocionales, realizadas para infundir devoción a los fieles y utilizadas para ceremonias y rituales o realizadas por encargo de devotos que se hacen retratar junto a las deidades; también como muestra de respeto y devoción a los Maestros del Dharma. Básicamente, la diferencia entre las pinturas meditativas de concentración y las analíticas es el propósito de la práctica, el tiempo de realización y la técnica utilizada; y para demostrar esta hipótesis, se ha realizado un estudio comparativo de obras pictóricas que se han seleccionado cuidadosamente para este efecto. Desde el punto de vista budista, la contemplación puede ser introvertida (la mente que se contempla a sí misma) o extrovertida (la mente contempla el mundo exterior que nos rodea). Analizando las imágenes seleccionadas, podemos apreciar que la finalidad de las pinturas budistas es dar a conocer estos procesos que muestran los dos aspectos de la contemplación. Hablaremos de la percepción visual desde el punto de vista budista, que trata de analizar la naturaleza de la mente y los factores mentales que crean el universo pictórico; primero observando la realidad externa a través de las ventanas de los sentidos, luego interiorizando las formas que percibimos para finalmente pintarlas, utilizando las diferentes técnicas de representación. Presentamos una visión histórica de cómo el budismo se fue adaptando y sincretizando con las diferentes culturas que encuentra a su paso a través de la Ruta de la Seda hasta llegar a China. Se comentará el largo proceso de la traducción de los textos y de la creación de las escuelas budistas de origen Indio y Chino. Y se abordarán los periodos de auge, consolidación y declive del budismo a lo largo de la historia. En los últimos capítulos de la tesis detallaremos algunos de los santuarios budistas más importantes de la Ruta de la Seda, y finalmente hablaremos de los pintores chinos, entre los que encontramos monjes budistas o artistas profesionales .

Espiritualidad y política: una propuesta tibetana para la transformación del orden mundial

La Revolución Espiritual promovida por el Dalai Lama plantea una unión entre espiritualidad y política. El proyecto de una ética universal, que se inscribe dentro de dicha Revolución, busca impactar la manera en que las relaciones internacionales se desarrollan, dándole prevalencia a los valores humanos. Sin embargo, esa proposición se encuentra ligada al contexto de exilio en el marco del conflicto sino-tibetano que afecta al continente asiático. Por esto, en la presente monografía, haciendo uso de los conceptos de marco de acción colectiva e identidad inscritos en la corriente de los movimientos sociales en la disciplina de las Relaciones Internacionales, se pretende determinar la relación entre identidad tibetana, marco de acción colectiva y la propuesta de una ética universal. Para ello se recurre, metodológicamente, a textos y a trabajo de campo en Bogotá. Así, se pretende establecer la relación entre espiritualidad y política como propuesta tibetana atravesada por el conflicto sino-tibetano.