Efeito do selamento dentinário imediato na resistência de união de restaurações cerâmicas

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do selamento dentinário imediato na cimentação definitiva de restaurações cerâmicas (Empress2Ivoclar Vivadent), levando em consideração a influência de diferentes métodos de remoção dos restos de cimento provisório da superfície dentinária previamente selada. Para isso foram utilizados 72 molares, hígidos, conseguidos no banco de dentes da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Os dentes foram divididos em nove grupos, os três primeiros serviram como grupo controle, onde não houve contaminação com nenhum cimento provisório, sendo eles: G1, onde o selamento e a cimentação definitiva foram feitas 15 dias após a confecção dos preparos cavitários; G2, onde o selamento dentinário foi feito imediatamente após o preparo e a cimentação definitiva após 15 dias; G3, onde o preparo, selamento e cimentação definitiva foram feitos no mesmo momento. Os próximos grupos foram os do selamento tardio, onde o sistema adesivo foi aplicado somente no momento da cimentação. Nestes grupos, após o preparo foram cimentadas restaurações provisórias com um cimento livre de eugenol (Temp BondNE) e após 15 dias as restaurações provisórias foram removidas e os restos de cimento limpos com diferentes métodos: G4: remoção com instrumento manual; G5: remoção com jato de bicarbonato; G6: remoção com pontas de ultra-som; após esta limpeza o sistema adesivo foi aplicado e as restaurações cerâmicas cimentadas. Por último foram os grupos do selamento dentinário imediato, onde o sistema adesivo foi aplicado imediatamente após a confecção dos preparos cavitários e em seguida foi feita a cimentação das restaurações provisórias. Após 15 dias as restaurações provisórias foram removidas, os restos de cimento foram limpos com os diferentes métodos: G7: remoção com instrumento manual; G8: remoção com jato de bicarbonato; G9: remoção com pontas de ultra-som. Após a limpeza as restaurações cerâmicas foram cimentadas. Para todos os grupos o sistema adesivo utilizado foi o Optibond FL Kerr e o cimento resinoso foi o Rely X ARC3M/ESPE. Vinte e quatro horas após as cimentações cerâmicas os corpos de prova foram submetidos ao ensaio mecânico de push out em uma máquina de ensaios universais EMIC DL. Os valores de resistência de união foram obtidos em KgF, convertidos em MPa e analisados estatisticamente. O teste de ANOVA mostrou que houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre os grupos (p≤0,05) e em seguida o t-teste mostrou que a técnica do selamento imediato resultou nos melhores valores de resistência de união. Por último, o teste de comparações múltiplas Student-Newman-Keuls (Teste SNK) mostrou que o método de limpeza dos restos de cimento provisório da superfície dentinária apresenta influência na resistência de união das restaurações cerâmicas. Com base nos resultados pôde-se concluir que a técnica do selamento imediato promoveu maior resistência adesiva para as restaurações cerâmicas e quanto ao método de limpeza, o melhor resultado, independente da técnica adesiva utilizada, foi a remoção com as pontas de ultrasson.

Utilização de materiais restauradores autocondicionantes na prevenção de descoloração coronária causada por minociclina

O objetivo desse estudo foi comparar a capacidade de dois materiais restauradores em prevenir a descoloração coronária causada pela minociclina como medicação intracanal e propor uma técnica de fácil implementação para encorajar o uso da pasta tri-antibiótica para desinfecção do sistema de canais radiculares durante procedimentos de regeneração pulpar sem perda estética. Cem dentes foram selecionados, seus canais radiculares foram instrumentados e divididos em quatro grupos de acordo com o tratamento dentinário utilizado: Grupo OB- Agente adesivo OptiBond All-In-One (KERR); Grupo U200- Cimento resinoso auto-condicionante e auto adesivo RelyX U200 (3M ESPE); Grupo MIN- Sem revestimento; Grupo CN- Sem revestimento (controle negativo). Em todos os grupos, com exceção do CN, foi utilizada pasta de minociclina como medicação intracanal coberta por uma bolinha de algodão e vedados com restauração provisória. As medições de cor foram realizadas com um espectrofotômetro no início do estudo (T0), e 7(T7), 14 (T14), 21 (T21) e 28 dias (T28) pós-minociclina. Os resultados obtidos foram submetidos à análise estatística. As diferenças de cor (E*) foram crescentes nos grupos CN, OB, U200 e MIN, respectivamente. A diferença de luminosidade (L*) foi também crescente nos grupos CN, OB, U200 e MIN, respectivamente. Houve diferença significante entre os grupos MIN e CN, e entre os grupos MIN e U200 (p<0,05). O eixo amarelo-azul (b*) não apresentou alteração de cor significante (p>0,05). Uma alteração de cor significante no eixo vermelho-verde (a*) foi observada no grupo MIN em relação ao grupo CN (p<0,05). Portanto, conclui-se que a técnica foi fácil de ser implementada, ambos materiais reduziram a descoloração da coroa causada pela pasta de minociclina mas foram ineficazes em impedi-la completamente.

Swelling behaviour of isora/natural rubber composites in oils used in automobiles

Natural rubber/isora fibre composites were cured at various temperatures. The solvent swelling characteristics of natural rubber composites containing both untreated and alkali treated fibres were investigated in aromatic and aliphatic solvents like toluene, and n-hexane. The diffusion experiments were conducted by the sorption gravimetric method. The restrictions on elastomer swelling exerted by isora fibre as well as the anisotropy of swelling of the composite have been confirmed by this study. Composite cured at 100°C shows the lowest percentage swelling. The uptake of aromatic solvent is higher than that of aliphatic solvent for the composites cured at all temperatures. The effect of fibre loading on the swelling behaviour of the composite was also investigated in oils like petrol, diesel, lubricating oil etc. The % swelling index and swelling coefficient of the composite were found to decrease with increase in fibre loading. This is due to the increased hindrance exerted by the fibres at higher fibre loadings and also due to the good fibre-rubber interactions. Maximum uptake of solvent was observed with petrol followed by diesel and then lubricating oil. The presence of bonding agent in the composites restrict the swelling considerably due to the strong interfacial adhesion. At a fixed fibre loading, the alkali treated fibre composite showed lower percentage swelling compared to the untreated one.

Characterization of Short Nylon-6 Fiber/Acrylonitrile Butadiene Rubber Composite by Thermogravimetry

The thermal degradation of short nylon-6 fiber reinforced acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) composites with and without epoxy-based bonding agent has been studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). It was found that the onset of degradation shifted from 330.5 to 336.1°C in the presence of short nylon fiber, the optimum fiber loading being 20 phr. The maximum rate of degradation of the composites was lower than that of the unfilled rubber compound, and it decreased with increase in fiber concentration. The presence of epoxy resin-based bonding agent in the virgin elastomer and the composites improved the thermal stability. Results of kinetic studies showed that the degradation of NBR and the short nylon fiber reinforced composites followed first-order kinetics.

Thermal Degradation of Short Nylon -6 Fiber-Reinforced Styrene Butadiene Rubber Composite

The thermal properties of short Nylon-6 fiber-reinforced Styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) composites were studied by Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). The effect of epoxy-based bonding agent on thermal degradation of the gum and the composites was also studied. The thermal stability of the SBR was enhanced in the presence of Nylon-6 fibers and the stability of the composites increased in the presence of bonding agent. The epoxy resin did not significantly change the thermal stability of SBR gum vulcanizate. Results of kinetic studies showed that the degradation of SBR and the short nylon fiber-reinforced composites with and without bonding agents followed first-order kinetics.

Acrylonitrile-Butadiene Rubber/ Reclaimed Rubber-Nylon Fiber Composite

The effect of diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) -polyethyleneglycol (PEG) resin on the cure characteristics and mechanical properties of nitrile rubber/whole tyre eclaim-short nylon fiber composite-was studied. At a constant loading of 5 phr, the resin composition was varied. The minimum torque .,id (maximum - minimum) torque increased with isocyanate concentration. Scorch time and cure time showed a reduction on introduction of bonding agent. Properties like tensile strength, tear strength, and abrasion resistance increased with increase in MDI/PEG ratio, and these properties are higher in the longitudinal direction of fiber orientation. Compression set increased with isocyanate concentration and the resilience remain unchanged.

Interface slip control for CFRP-concrete composite beams

Carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) has been used frequently to retrofit concrete structures. Strengthening efficiency is related to the CFRP application process and the characteristics of the bonding agent. In this paper the mechanism of interface shear behaviour in CFRP to concrete beams is discussed considering previous test observations and mathematical models. This paper then discusses the consequences of introducing interface slip which reduces the integrity of the composite section, however improve ductility and delay debonding failure. The paper suggests that using softer bonding agent as well as setting limits on the interface slip could ensure acceptable serviceability and ductile behaviour.

Bond properties of rubber modified epoxy

In this paper, the bond integrity of unmodified and rubber-modified epoxy used for bonding the carbon fibre sheets to the hosting steel surface was investigated. The rigidity of the bonding agent is one of the factors that have a significant role in the premature failure (debonding) of this application. In order to overcome this issue, a series of experiments were conducted on the steel plates using the epoxy resin modified by CTBN and ATBN reactive liquid polymers, in addition to the unmodified epoxy resin. The interface between the carbon fibre matrix and the hosting surface is subjected to a longitudinal shear force for which the corresponding displacement is recorded. The shear stress-strain relationship for the tested specimen is plotted. The result shows that, the bond behaviour of modified epoxy using CTBN and ATBN reactive liquid polymers was improved in terms of ductility and toughness.

Experimental investigation on CFRP-steel bond properties using ionic liquid

Solving the problem of pre mature debonding of CFRP retrofitted structure is a main concern for most of structural engineers nowadays. Reducing the brittleness of the bonding agent at the CFRP/concrete interface is a major factor to avoid this behaviour. In this research, the effect of modifying the bonding agent using different percentages of ionic liquid (IL) is investigated. This paper reports on an experimental investigation on the behaviour of modified epoxy resin with IL. Steel plates were used as hosting surface of the CFRP laminates, the laminates were attached to the steel surface using the IL modified epoxy. The shear mechanism at the interface of CFRP laminates to steel plates is discussed considering the relationship between the shear and the slip at the interface. The shear stress- displacement are traced for all specimens, the results are compared with control test prepared using unmodified epoxy. A 20% IL modified epoxy shows improved Behaviour. The improvement is with respect to ductility enhancement of the overall behaviour.

Short-term in situ/ex vivo study of the anticariogenic potential of a resin-modified glass-ionomer cement associated with adhesive systems

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Biocompatibility of a resin-modified glass-ionomer cement applied as pulp capping in human teeth

Purpose: to evaluate the human pulp response following pulp capping with calcium hydroxide (CI-I, Group 1), and the resin-modified glass-ionomer Vitrebond (VIT, Group 2). Materials and Methods: Intact teeth with no cavity preparation were used as control Group (ICG, Group 3). Buccal Class V cavities were prepared in 34 sound human premolars. After exposing the pulps, the pulp capping materials were applied and the cavities were Filled using Clearfil Liner Bond 2 bonding agent and Z100 resin-based composite. The teeth were extracted after 5, 30, and from 120 to 300 days, fixed in 10% buffered formalin solution, and prepared according to routine histological techniques. 6-mu m sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, Masson's trichrome, or Brown gr Brenn technique for bacterial observation. Results: At 5 days, CH caused a large zone of coagulation necrosis, the mononuclear inflammatory reaction underneath the necrotic zone was slight to moderate. VIT caused a moderate to intense inflammatory pulp response with a large necrotic zone. A number of congested venules associated with plasma extravasation and neutrophilic infiltration was observed. Over time, only CH allowed pulp repair and complete dentin bridging around the pulp exposure site. VIT components displaced into the pulp tissue triggered a persistent inflammatory reaction which appeared to be associated with a lack of dentin bridge formation. After 30 days a few histological sections showed a number of bacteria on the lateral dentin walls. In these samples the pulp response was similar to those samples with no microleakage. VIT was more irritating to pulp tissue than CH, which allowed pulp repair associated with dentin bridge formation. These results suggested that VIT is not an appropriate dental material to be used in direct pulp capping for mechanically exposed human pulps.

Avaliação qualitativa do efeito de agentes de limpeza na camada de lama dentinária: estudo ultra-estrutural em microscopia eletrônica de varredura

Quando qualquer instrumento abrasiona ou corta a dentina, produz na superfície uma camada de lama dentinária ou smear layer. Dependendo do agente de união indicado em Odontologia adesiva, há a necessidade ou não da remoção da camada de lama da superfície dentinária. Com a finalidade de verificar a ação de diferentes substâncias para a limpeza dentinária, utilizamos 20 dentes pré-molares superiores íntegros, mantidos em soro fisiológico, nos quais as coroas foram seccionadas ao meio no sentido mésio-distal. Com instrumento diamantado, removeu-se o esmalte da porção vestibular e da porção lingual da coroa e, com uma broca carbide cilíndrica lisa nº 56, cortou-se aproximadamente 1 mm de dentina com alta rotação sob abundante refrigeração ar/água, para produzir a camada de lama dentinária. em seguida, essa superfície foi tratada com diferentes substâncias e lavada por 30 segundos com spray ar/água. No controle, foi simplesmente utilizado o spray ar/água. Os espécimes foram montados em suportes metálicos, preparados e visualizados no MEV-DSM 950 da Zeiss, em aumentos que variaram de 100 a 5.000 vezes. Os materiais que mais removeram a camada de lama foram, em ordem crescente: 1. spray ar/água; 2. fluoreto de sódio 2%; 3. associação alternada de Dakin/Tergensol; 4. água oxigenada 3%; 5. jateamento com óxido de alumínio 50 mm; 6. flúor acidulado 1,27%; 7. ácido poliacrílico 25%; 8. ácido fosfórico 10%.

Interfacial fracture of dentin adhesively bonded to quartz-fiber reinforced composite

The paper presents the results of an experimental study of interfacial failure in a multilayered structure consisting of a dentin/resin cement/quartz-fiber reinforced composite (FRC). Slices of dentin close to the pulp chamber were sandwiched by two half-circle discs made of a quartz-fiber reinforced composite, bonded with bonding agent (All-bond 2, BISCO, Schaumburg) and resin cement (Duo-link. BISCO, Schaumburg) to make Brazil-nut sandwich specimens for interfacial toughness testing. Interfacial fracture toughness (strain energy release rate, G) was measured as a function of mode mixity by changing loading angles from 0 degrees to 15 degrees. The interfacial fracture surfaces were then examined using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX) to determine the failure modes when loading angles changed. A computational model was also developed to calculate the driving forces, stress intensity factors and mode mixities. Interfacial toughness increased from approximate to 1.5 to 3.2 J/m(2) when the loading angle increases from approximate to 0, 0 to 15 degrees. The hybridized dentin/cement interface appeared to be tougher than the resin cement/quartz-fiber reinforced epoxy. The Brazil-nut sandwich specimen was a suitable method to investigate the mechanical integrity of dentin/cement/FRC interfaces. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Evaluation of shear bond strength at the interface of two porcelains and pure titanium injected into the casting mold at three different temperatures

Statement of problem. Titanium has physical and mechanical properties, which have led to its increased use in dental prostheses despite casting difficulties due to high melting point and formation of oxide layers which affect the metal-ceramic bond strength.Purpose. This in vitro study evaluated the shear bond strength of the interface of 2 dental porcelains and pure titanium injected into a mold at 3 different temperatures.Material and methods. Using commercially pure (cp) titanium bars (Titanium, Grade I) melted at 1668degreesC and cast at mold temperatures of 430degreesC, 700degreesC or 900degreesC, 60 specimens were machined to 4 x 4 mm, with a base of 5 x 1 mm. The 4-mm surfaces were airborne-particle abraded with 100 mum aluminum oxide before applying and firing the bonding agent and evaluating the 2 porcelains (Triceram/Triline ti and Vita Titankeramik). Ten specimens were prepared for each temperature and porcelain combination Shear bond testing was performed in a universal testing machine, with a 500-kg load cell and crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. The specimens were loaded until failure. The interfaces of representative fractured specimens of each temperature were examined with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). Data for shear bond strength (MPa) were statistically analyzed by 2-way ANOVA and the Tukey test (alpha = .05).Results. The results showed significant differences for the metal/porcelain interaction effect (P = .0464). There were no significant differences for the 2 porcelains (P = .4250). The Tukey test showed a significant difference between the pair cp Ti 430degreesC Triceram and cp Ti 900degreesC Triceram, with respective mean values and SDs of 59.74 +/- 11.62 and 34.03 +/- 10.35 MPa.Conclusion. Triceram porcelain showed a bond strength decrease with an increase in the mold temperature for casting titanium. The highest bond strength for Vita porcelain and the best metal-ceramic interface observed with the SEM were found with the mold temperature of 700degreesC.

Cytotoxic effects of cleansing solutions recommended for chemical lavage of pulp exposures

Purpose: To evaluate the in vitro cytotoxic effects of three cleansing solutions used for chemical lavage of pulp exposures. Materials and Methods: the immortalized odontoblast cell line (MDPC-23) was plated (30,000 cells/cm(2)) and incubated for 72 hrs in 24-well dishes. After counting the cell number under inverted light microscopy, 20 mul of the experimental and control solutions were added to 980 mul of fresh culture medium. Then, hydrogen peroxide (3%, H2O2), sodium hypochlorite (6%, NaOCl) or calcium hydroxide-saline solution (5g of Ca(OH)(2) in 10 mi of sterile distilled water) were added to wells for experimental Groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively. The positive and negative control groups received Syntac Sprint bonding agent (SS) and phosphate buffered saline (PBS), respectively. Following incubation for 120 min the cell number was counted again, the cell morphology was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the cell metabolism was determined by the methyltetrazolium (MTT) assay. The scores obtained from cell counting and MTT assay were analyzed with an ANOVA followed by Fisher's PLSD tests. Results: H2O2 NaOCl solutions, and SS bonding agent were more cytotoxic than Ca(OH)2 or PBS. In the groups with H2O2 Or SS, only a few cells remained attached to the bottom of wells. The difference between these two groups was not statistically significant. H2O2, NaOCl and SS depressed the mitochondrial enzyme response by 97.7%, 97.3%, and 95.0%, respectively. on the other hand, Ca(OH)2 depressed the metabolic activity of cells by only 5%. While H2O2, NaOCl and SS caused extreme changes on the cell morphology, neither Ca(OH)2 nor PBS promoted dramatic changes in the cell morphology.