Técnica Delphi na validação das intervenções de enfermagem

O saber, a ciência são universais e vêm se desenvolvendo muito rapidamente e, o enfermeiro, tem conhecimento de sua responsabilidade neste desenvolvimento científico. Com o objetivo de analisar a Técnica Delphi, descrevendo a sua utilização na validação das intervenções de enfermagem aos lesados medulares em reabilitação, foi possível resultados fidedignos, por meio de uma técnica de caráter flexível e, sobretudo, por valorizar a opinião ou o conhecimento de cada um dos enfermeiros que atuam junto aos lesados medulares. Delphi permitiu aos especialistas apontarem as intervenções preconizadas a esta clientela, mas este contexto teve requisitos necessários que identificam o pensar-fazer em enfermagem.

Técnica Delphi: identificando as competências gerais do médico e do enfermeiro que atuam em atenção primária de saúde

Este trabalho tem como objetivo identificar as competências gerais do médico e do enfermeiro que atuam em atenção primária de saúde em Marília, estado de São Paulo. A técnica Delphi foi utilizada para identificação destas competências. Foram identificadas oito (8) competências comunicação, trabalho em equipe, gerência, orientada à comunidade, valores profissionais, tomada de decisão, resolver problemas e habilidades educacionais. A competência referente à gerência foi a única a não apresentar consenso entre os médicos que não a consideram necessária para atuar m medicina.

Les indications à une retransplantation pulmonaire : une approche selon la méthode DELPHI

1) Etat des connaissances : Actuellement, les indications à la transplantation pulmonaire sont bien décrites et validées. Par contre, lors d'une retransplantation, les résultats restent encore discutés : la retransplantation pulmonaire reste la seule option thérapeutique dans certains cas de rejet du greffon, de syndrome de bronchiolite oblitérante avancée et aussi lors de graves affections respiratoires, principalement de sténose cicatricielle. Malgré cela, son utilité a été mise en doute en raison de la pénurie de donneurs d'organes et des rapports indiquant des résultats insatisfaisants. 2) But de l'étude : Ce travail est une étude d'évaluation méthodologique dans lequel on utilisera un questionnaire DELPHI auprès de 10 soignants engagés dans le programme Vaud-Genève de transplantation pulmonaire afin de déterminer les critères de sélection qui mèneraient à la pratique d'une retransplantation. 3) Objectifs : Ce projet a pour but d'élaborer un consensus local sur les critères et les contre-indications à une retransplantation pulmonaire, dans le cadre du programme Vaud-Genève et du système d'allocation d'organes en vigueur en Suisse. D'où la question : ''Quelles sont les indications potentielles à une retransplantation pulmonaire ?'' 4) Justification : Dans une situation de pénurie explicite de ressources (manque de donneurs), l'utilisation des greffons doit être basée à la fois sur des critères d'équité et d'efficacité médicale. En l'absence de données claires dans la littérature sur les indications à la retransplantation pulmonaire, la recherche d'une attitude pragmatique au sein du programme local est justifiée. 5) Méthode : Cette étude monocentrique multisite est une étude clinique ouverte où les personnes interrogées restent en insu: un questionnaire DELPHI sera envoyé à 10 soignants spécialisés dans le domaine de la transplantation pulmonaire issus du programme Vaud-Genève. La méthode Delphi a pour but de mettre en évidence des convergences d'opinions afin de trouver des consensus grâce à l'interrogation de différents experts par le biais de questionnaires successifs. L'objectif des études Delphi est d'apporter l'éclairage des experts sur des zones d'incertitude en vue d'une aide à la décision. 6) Sélection des sujets : Les ''sujets'' éligibles sont un groupe de 10 experts anonymes spécialisés dans le domaine de la retransplantation pulmonaire du canton de Vaud et de Genève. 6.1 Critères d'inclusion : Personnel médical et paramédical directement impliqué dans le cadre du programme de transplantation Vaud-Genève. 6.2 Critère d'exclusion : Toute personne qui est elle-même directement impliquée dans l'analyse de l'étude. 7) Déroulement de l'étude et investigations prévues: L'étude aura lieu au CHUV et au HUG pour une durée de 2 ans. Les investigations seront effectuées par le biais de questionnaires envoyés par courrier électronique et seront analysées au CHUV.

Research priorities for nursing care of infants, children and adolescents: a West Australian Delphi study.

This paper describes a study that aimed to identify research priorities for the care of infants, children and adolescents at the sole tertiary referral hospital for children in Western Australia. The secondary aim was to stimulate nurses to explore clinical problems that would require further inquiry. Background. Planning for research is an essential stage of research development; involving clinicians in this exercise is likely to foster research partnerships that are pertinent to clinical practice. Nursing research priorities for the paediatric population have not previously been reported in Australia. Design. Delphi study. Method. Over 12 months in 2005-2006, a three-round questionnaire, using the Delphi technique, was sent to a randomly selected sample of registered nurses. This method was used to identify and prioritise nursing research topics relevant to the patient and the family. Content analysis was used to analyse Round I data and descriptive statistics for Round II and III data. Results. In Round I, 280 statements were identified and reduced to 37 research priorities. Analysis of data in subsequent rounds identified the top two priority research areas as (1) identification of strategies to reduce medication incidents (Mean = 6 center dot 47; SD 0 center dot 88) and (2) improvement in pain assessment and management (Mean = 6; SD 1 center dot 38). Additional comments indicated few nurses access the scientific literature or use research findings because of a lack of time or electronic access. Conclusions. Thirty-seven research priorities were identified. The identification of research priorities by nurses provided research direction for the health service and potentially other similar health institutions for children and adolescents in Australia and internationally. Relevance to clinical practice. The nurse participants showed concern about the safety of care and the well-being of children and their families. This study also enabled the identification of potential collaborative research and development of pain management improvement initiatives.

A Delphi study on National PICU nursing research priorities in Australia and New Zealand.

BACKGROUND: There is a lack of evidence to direct and support nursing practice in the specialty of paediatric intensive care (PIC). The development of national PIC nursing research priorities may facilitate the process of undertaking clinical research and translating evidence into practice. PURPOSE: To (a) identify research priorities for the care of patients and their family as well as for the professional needs of PIC nurses, (b) foster nursing research collaboration, (c) develop a research agenda for PIC nurses. METHODS: Over 13 months in 2007-2008, a three-round questionnaire, using the Delphi technique, was sent to all specialist level registered nurses working in Australian and New Zealand PICUs. This method was used to identify and prioritise nursing research topics. Content analysis was used to analyse Round I data and descriptive statistics for Round II and III data. RESULTS: In Round I, 132 research topics were identified, with 77 research priorities (mdn>6, mean MAD(median) 0.68±0.01) identified in subsequent rounds. The top nine priorities (mean>6 and median>6) included patient issues related to neurological care (n=2), pain/sedation/comfort (n=3), best practice at the end of life (n=1), and ventilation strategies (n=1), as well as two priorities related to professional issues about nurses' stress/burnout and professional development needs. CONCLUSION: The research priorities identified reflect important issues related to critically ill patients and their family as well as to the nurses caring for them. These priorities can be used for the development of a research agenda for PIC nursing in Australia and New Zealand.

Introducing a first AIDS vaccine in Switzerland: a Policy Delphi analysis.

This preliminary exploration was limited by a number of factors. The format of the study has necessarily induced some form of selection bias of the panelists, because of the complexity of some questions, and the time required to complete the questionnaires. Several issues have not been addressed. One example could be the response to HIV infection occurring in a vaccinee. The study also did not address the difficulties related to the licensing of the vaccine. Indeed, the proposed scenario assumed that the vaccine had been registered as a starting point for the analysis. Finally, it has not been possible to conduct a sensitivity analysis, in order to evaluate how the responses would have been modified if some important characteristics of the vaccine had been modified.Very diverse evaluations were given in response to questions related with attitudes and perception of AIDS and AIDS vaccine. The possibility that vaccine availability or usage can be associated with an increased frequency in risky behaviors was spontaneously mentioned by half of the panelists. The estimation of the proportion of persons at highest risk who would choose to use this vaccine also indicated a high degree of uncertainty. This study offers important lessons. According to a broad and diverse panel of individuals, an incompletely effective AIDS vaccine would result in an additional level of complexity for the AIDS prevention strategy, rather than a simplification. The use of such a vaccine would have to be coupled with counselling. This implies a sustained emphasis on the recommendations which have been central to the STOP AIDS campaigns until now. In addition, consensual issues, as well as other issues more likely to be controversial have been identified. This should greatly help focusing the work of any committee designated to develop and implement a vaccination policy if an AIDS vaccine became available. Finally, our experience with the Policy Delphi indicates that this mode of structured communication could be usefully applied to other public health issues presenting a high visibility as well as a complex relationship with public perception.

Roles y competencias de los profesionales de la salud laboral para promover la integración de la prevención en la empresa. Un estudio Delphi

Objetivo: Conocer el punto de vista de docentes que forman prevencionistas acerca de cuáles son los roles y competencias necesarios en los profesionales de la salud laboral para promover la integración de la prevención en la empresa.

Indicateurs sécurité en obstétrique : une étude Delphi [Patient safety indicators for obstetrics: a Delphi based study]

OBJECTIVE: Clinical indicators are increasingly used to assess safety of patient care. In obstetrics, only a few indicators have been validated to date and none is used across specialties. The purpose of this study was to identify and assess for face and content validity a group of safety indicators that could be used by anaesthetists, obstetricians and neonatologists involved in labour and delivery units. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We first conducted a systematic review of the literature to identify potential measures. Indicators were then validated by a panel of 30 experts representing all specialties working in labour and delivery units. We used the Delphi method, an iterative questionnaire-based consensus seeking technique. Experts determined on a 7-point Likert scale (1=most representative/7=less representative) the soundness of each indicator as a measure of safety and their possible association with errors and complications caused by medical management. RESULTS: We identified 44 potential clinical indicators from the literature. Following the Delphi process, 13 indicators were considered as highly representative of safety during obstetrical care (mean score</=2.3). Experts ranked 6 of these indicators as being strongly associated to potential errors and complications. CONCLUSIONS: We identified and validated for face and content, a group of six clinical indicators to measure potentially preventable iatrogenic complications in labour and delivery units.

Institution de la religion chrestienne , mise en quatre livres et distinguee par chapitres en ordre & methode bien propre. Par Jean Calvin

Comprend : Indice premier des matieres contenues en ce present livre [- Autre indice contenant les passages de la Bible, selon l'ordre des livres du vieil et nouveau testament]

Las Competencias profesionales de los educadores sociales como punto de partida para el diseño curricular de la formación universitaria. Un estudio mediante el método Delphi

En estos últimos años, la universidad española ha estado inmersa en un proceso de transformación de las titulaciones universitarias como consecuencia de la adaptación al espacio europeo de educación superior. Esta transformación se concreta en un cambio de estructura de los ciclos universitarios a la vez que supone una modificación del modelo pedagógico: de un modelo centrado en la enseñanza se pasa a un modelo centrado en el aprendizaje del estudiante. Los planes de estudio de las titulaciones deben estructurarse partiendo de las competencias profesionales que se atribuyen a una determinada profesión. Por ello, la identificación correcta de dichas competencias se convierte en un elemento esencial para el diseño de los títulos. En este artículo presentamos el proceso seguido en la Universidad de Girona (España) para identificar las competencias profesionales de los educadores sociales. Una parte de dicho proceso fue la realización de un estudio en el que, mediante el método Delphi, un panel de expertos valoró y llegó a un consenso sobre cuáles son las competencias profesionales que los educadores sociales en ejercicio desarrollan. El listado ordenado de las competencias de los educadores sociales sirvió como punto de partida para la elaboración del plan de estudios de Educación social de dicha universidad. El propósito del artículo es explicar el proceso seguido y exponer las ventajas de esta información como referente para el diseño de las nuevas titulaciones universitarias

The International Universities Walking Project: Development of a Framework for Workplace Intervention Using the Delphi Technique

Background: This paper aimed to use the Delphi technique to develop a consensus framework for a multinational, workplace walking intervention. Methods: Ideas were gathered and ranked from eight recognized and emerging experts in the fields of physical activity and health, from universities in Australia, Canada, England, the Netherlands, Northern Ireland, and Spain. Members of the panel were asked to consider the key characteristics of a successful campus walking intervention. Consensus was reached by an inductive, content analytic approach, conducted through an anonymous, three-round, e-mail process. Results: The resulting framework consisted of three interlinking themes defined as “design, implementation, and evaluation.” Top-ranked subitems in these themes included the need to generate research capacity (design), to respond to group needs through different walking approaches (implementation), and to undertake physical activity assessment (evaluation). Themes were set within an underpinning domain, referred to as the “institution” and sites are currently engaging with subitems in this domain, to provide sustainable interventions that reflect the practicalities of local contexts and needs. Conclusions: Findings provide a unique framework for designing, implementing, and evaluating walking projects in universities and highlight the value of adopting the Delphi technique for planning international, multisite health initiatives.

The diagnosis of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy: a Delphi-method approach.

The diagnosis of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) is based on a set of clinical and neurophysiological parameters. However, in clinical practice, CIDP remains difficult to diagnose in atypical cases. In the present study, 32 experts from 22 centers (the French CIDP study group) were asked individually to score four typical, and seven atypical, CIDP observations (TOs and AOs, respectively) reported by other physicians, according to the Delphi method. The diagnoses of CIDP were confirmed by the group in 96.9 % of the TO and 60.1 % of the AO (p < 0.0001). There was a positive correlation between the consensus of CIDP diagnosis and the demyelinating features (r = 0.82, p < 0.004). The European CIDP classification was used in 28.3 % of the TOs and 18.2 % of the AOs (p < 0.002). The French CIDP study group diagnostic strategy was used in 90 % of the TOs and 61 % of the AOs (p < 0.0001). In 3 % of the TOs and 21.6 % of the AOs, the experts had difficulty determining a final diagnosis due to a lack of information. This study shows that a set of criteria and a diagnostic strategy are not sufficient to reach a consensus for the diagnosis of atypical CIDP in clinical practice.

Malaria chemoprophylaxis recommendations for immigrants to Europe, visiting relatives and friends--a Delphi method study.

BACKGROUND: Numbers of travellers visiting friends and relatives (VFRs) from Europe to malaria endemic countries are increasing and include long-term and second generation immigrants, who represent the major burden of malaria cases imported back into Europe. Most recommendations for malaria chemoprophylaxis lack a solid evidence base, and often fail to address the cultural, social and economic needs of VFRs. METHODS: European travel medicine experts, who are members of TropNetEurop, completed a sequential series of questionnaires according to the Delphi method. This technique aims at evaluating and developing a consensus through repeated iterations of questionnaires. The questionnaires in this study included questions about professional experience with VFRs, controversial issues in malaria prophylaxis, and 16 scenarios exploring indications for prescribing and choice of chemoprophylaxis. RESULTS: The experience of participants was rather diverse as was their selection of chemoprophylaxis regimen. A significant consensus was observed in only seven of 16 scenarios. The analysis revealed a wide variation in prescribing choices with preferences grouped by region of practice and increased prescribing seen in Northern Europe compared to Central Europe. CONCLUSIONS: Improving the evidence base on efficacy, adherence to chemoprophylaxis and risk of malaria and encouraging discussion among experts, using techniques such as the Delphi method, may reduce the variability in prescription in European travel clinics.

Traité de l'orthographe : dans lequel on établit, par une methode claire et facile... les regles certaines d'écrire correctement, et où l'on examine... les règles qu'a données ([Reprod.]) / M. de Lesclache...

Collection : Archives de la linguistique française ; 245