68 resultados para Decodificação


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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Em muitas aves que cantam em dplayback com dueto modificado em sintaxe e na faixa de frequência com casais nos arredores do ueto, os pares combinam suas parcelas de forma alternada para resultar em um único canto. A família Troglodytidae (corruíras e garrinchas) compreende 23 espécies que cantam em dueto, dentre elas a espécie Thryothorus genibarbis. O canto em dueto dessa espécie carrega a informação referente ao reconhecimento específico, no entanto, os parâmetros físicos que o compõe (frequência e duração) são variáveis entre os casais e apenas a sintaxe, ou seja, a ordem de emissão das notas que compõe o canto é conservada. A partir disso, para investigar o papel da sintaxe e dos parâmetros físicos na decodificação do reconhecimento específico foram realizados experimentos de Parque Ecológico de Gunma (Santa Bárbara, Pará) e no campus da Universidade Federal do Pará (Belém, Pará). Investigou-se também a existência de um padrão geral de modulação nas unidades que compõem o dueto dessa espécie, e em segundo momento foram avaliadas as similaridades entre a sintaxe do canto de Thryothorus genibarbis e de mais sete espécies filogeneticamente próximas. A partir das análises de modulação, foi encontrado um padrão geral nas unidades sonoras (notas) do dueto de diferentes casais. Em relação às similaridades entre a sintaxe do canto de T. genibarbis e das demais espécies simpátricas, há mais diferenças entre T. genibarbis e T. leucotis que são sintópicas. Dessa forma, a sintaxe do dueto de T. genibarbis pode ser importante como código de articulação do dueto entre os pares, mas não contém informação referente ao reconhecimento específico, diferentemente da faixa de frequência, que quando modificada a partir de 36% do sinal original, o canto perde o caráter de reconhecimento.

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A mensagem publicitária, que pressupõe uma rápida e correta decodificação por parte dos receptores, assim como uma exigência de novidade, apresenta muitas vezes elementos estrangeiros acompanhados de tradução. Nesta fase, o termo estrangeiro é empregado metalingüisticamente e sentido como externo à língua: constitui um estrangeirismo. Passa a ser empréstimo, elemento integrado à língua, na medida em que é empregado sem tradução e sem marcas gráficas.

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Pós-graduação em Educação - FCT

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Pós-graduação em Geografia - IGCE

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Pós-graduação em Estudos Literários - FCLAR

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Pós-graduação em Fonoaudiologia - FFC

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Reading is a complex process that involves cognitive and linguistic skills, such as decoding and comprehension. When the skill to understand texts is not performed there is a commitment throughout the learning process interfering with the development of the student as a whole. Ensuring that the student carries out reading efficiently is one of the main challenges of schools. Considering these aspects, this study, through reflection of previous studies, presents the processes involved in reading comprehension, as well as problems that can interfere with these processes, assessment and intervention strategies with the students so that possible difficulties in the educational context can be minimized.

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This study aimed to characterize and to compare the performance of students with an interdisciplinary diagnosis of dyslexia and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in students with good academic performance on the reading processes. Sixty students from both genders, from 2nd to 4th grades of municipal public schools in Marília - SP participated in this study, they were distributed as follows: GI, 20 students with interdisciplinary diagnosis of dyslexia; GII, 20 students with ADHD and GIII, 20 students with good academic performance, paired according to gender, age and grade level with GI and GII. The students were submitted to the application of the assessment of reading processes (PROLEC) composed by four processes: letters identification, lexical, syntactical and semantic. The results highlighted that the students of GIII showed superior performance comparing with GI and GII. There was difference between GI and GII only in low frequency word reading and non words reading of the lexical process. The inferior performance from GI and GII in the PROLEC tests can be justified by the difficulty on the coding and decoding abilities. In ADHD students this difficulty was due to impaired interaction between the visual, linguistic, attention and auditory processing and in the dyslexic students was due to failure at the phonological mediation process, which depends on the knowledge of rules of grapheme - phoneme conversion to the acquisition of word reading. These changes affect the reading achievement and the comprehension of the read text.

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INTRODUCTION: developmental dyslexia is characterized by impairment in reading and writing of simple words often involving deficits in phonological decoding and spelling. It affects individuals without sensory disabilities, free of significant emotional commitment and adequate educational opportunities. OBJECTIVE: to characterize the performance in activities related to writing observed in children with developmental dyslexia. METHOD: a total of six children (boys and girls) from 3rd to 7th grade from public schools in a city in the state of Sao Paulo, eight to thirteen years of age, participated in this study. Data were collected in CEES - Centro de Estudos de Educação e Saúde of UNESP - in Marília -SP in writing tasks. The results were analyzed descriptively by the score in percentage of correct answers. RESULTS: children with developmental dyslexia presented alterations in relation to the activities: writing of isolated words and writing of dictated words were below expectations for the education level, presenting phonological and orthographic changes. CONCLUSION: it is important that children with school problems make a more specific evaluation concerning these tasks.

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The cataloging process, is responsible for building systems consisting of sets of interconnected elements and combined forms of representation, creating tools to facilitate the flow of information in various informational environments. It presents structures that offer favorable conditions for access to formal codes of symbolic representation and to the channels of information transfer, performing with competence the decoding and encoding of codes and rules used to represent knowledge and to describe information, documents and resources. The objective of this paper is to present the challenge of transforming operational data into consistent information, the role of the forms of representation and the mental constructions for defining the memory markers of users of catalogs. It shows as results the memory markers indicated by three categories of users for the description of a book like resource and points to the need of collaborative and cooperative work in cataloging and to the need of catalog modelling focused on the user.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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The Auditory Evoked Middle Latency Response is one of the most promising objective tests in audiology and in revealing brain dysfunction and neuro-audiologic findings. The main advantages of its clinical use are precision and objectivity in evaluating children. This study aimed to analyze the auditory evoked middle latency response in two patients with auditory processing disorder and relate objective and behavioral measures. This case study was conducted in 2 patients (P1 = 12 years, female, P2 = 17 years old, male), both with the absence of sensory abnormalities, neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders. Both were submitted to anamnesis, inspection of the external ear canal, hearing test and evaluation of Auditory Evoked Middle latency Response. There was a significant association between behavioral test and objectives results. In the interview, there were complaints about the difficulty in listening in a noisy environment, sound localization, inattention, and phonological changes in writing and speaking, as confirmed by evaluation of auditory processing and Auditory Evoked Middle Latency Response. Changes were observed in the right decoding process hearing in both cases on the behavioral assessment of auditory processing; auditory evoked potential test middle latency shows that the right contralateral via response was deficient, confirming the difficulties of the patients in the assignment of meaning in acoustic information in a competitive sound condition at right, in both cases. In these cases it was shown the association between the results, but there is a need for further studies with larger sample population to confirm the data.