Natural infection with zoonotic subtype of Cryptosporidium parvum in Capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) from Brazil

A total of 145 capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) fecal samples from the state of Sdo Paulo, Brazil, were screened for Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts using the malachite green method. Eight samples (5.52%) showed positive results and were further submitted to nested PCR reaction for amplification of fragments of 18S rRNA gene and 60-kDa glycoprotein gene for determination of species, alleles and subtypes of Cryptosporidium. Sequencing of the PCR products of the 18S rRNA gene fragments and 60-kDa glycoprotein gene fragments showed that for both genes all Cryptosporidium isolates from capybara were respectively 100% genetically similar to a bovine isolate of C. parvum and to C parvum subtype IIaA15G2R1. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report of Cryptosporidium infection in this rodent. The finding of zoonotic C parvum infection in a semi-aquatic mammal that inhabits anthroponotic habitats raises the concern that human water supplies may be contaminated with zoonotic Cryptosporidium oocysts from wildlife. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Prevalência de Cryptosporidium sp. em cães de instituições da cidade de São Paulo

Objective Dogs play an important role as infection source of human cryptosporidiosis. The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of Cryptosporidium sp. in dogs as well as to compare two techniques of fecal analysis.Methods Four-hundred and fifty canine fecal samples from the city of São Paulo were analyzed between 2003 and 2004. Fecal samples were randomly selected from dogs housed in a university veterinary hospital (group 1, n=200) and private kennels (group 2, n=250). The detection of Cryptosporidium was performed using modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique. Statistical analysis was performed using the two-tailed test of significance at 5% confidence interval (z critical=+/- 1.645).Results Only Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts were found the prevalences found by light microscopy examination and PCR techniques were 8.8% and 9.5%, respectively. Young animals showed a lower frequency (5.5%) compared to adults (10.1%). There was no statistically significant difference in Cryptosporidium prevalence between males and females.Conclusions the prevalence of C. parvum in the canine population studied was similar to that one found in the literature and affects equally males and females. The use of PCR allowed the detection of more positive cases than light microscopy.

Physical, epidemiological, and molecular evaluation of infection by Cryptosporidium galli in Passeriformes

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Natural Infection with Cryptosporidium galli in Canaries (Serinus canaria), in a Cockatiel (Nymphicus hollandicus), and in Lesser Seed-Finches (Oryzoborus angolensis) from Brazil

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Cryptosporidium SP in HIV-infected individuals attending a Brazilian university hospital

The aim of the current work was to evaluate the occurrence of Cryptosporidium sp in AIDS patients in a region of São Paulo State, Brazil. Patients were divided into groups according to CD4+ T lymphocyte count and use of potent antiretroviral treatment. Two hundred and ten fecal samples from 105 patients were fixed in 10% formalin and subjected to centrifuge formol-ether sedimentation. Slides were stained with auramine and confirmed by modified Ziehl-Neelsen. Cryptosporidiosis occurrence was 10.5% with no relationship among gender, age or the presence of diarrhea. The number of oocysts in all samples was small, independent of CD4+ T lymphocyte count, HIV plasma viral load, and presence of diarrhea. These results may be due to the reduced prevalence of opportunistic infections in AIDS individuals after the advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy.

Identificação de espécies e genótipos de Cryptosporidium em bovinos leiteiros no Brasil

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Aspectos epidemiológicos da infecção por cryptosporidium em equinos

Inquiries about cryptossporidiosis are essential because its zoonotic potential and pathogenicity in pets and production animals. The horse can be involved in the transmission of the infection by Cryptosporidium and can have an epidemiological role in this disease. The great possibility of adquiring this protozoan, justify the importance of attempting against for the occurrence of this illness. The aim of this article was to demonstrated through literature revision, some epidemiological aspects of the cryptosporidiosis in the equine specie.

Clinical, serological, and parasitological analysis of snakes naturally infected with Cryptosporidium serpentis

Infection by Cryptosporidium serpentis is one of the most important diseases in reptiles and is characterized by chronic clinical or subclinical infection and the presence of hypertrophic gastritis, food regurgitation, progressive weight loss, mortality, and intermittent or continuous shedding of oocysts in the feces. The objectives of this study were to standardize an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect antibodies against C. serpentis and to evaluate the clinical, parasitological, and humoral immune response in snakes naturally infected with C. serpentis. Twenty-one snakes naturally infected with C. serpentis and housed at the Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil, underwent clinical and parasitological analyses for C. serpentis infection through daily records of clinical signs and a monthly survey of fecal shedding of oocysts using the Kinyoun's acid-fast staining. The serological evaluation was performed monthly by indirect ELISA using crude total antigen from oocysts of C. serpentis to detect anti-C. serpentis antibodies. Clinical symptoms consisted of food regurgitation, inappetence, and progressive weight loss. The parasitological analysis revealed intermittent fecal shedding of a variable number of oocysts in all snakes, with positivity in 85.32% (157/184) of the samples. The indirect ELISA was positive in 68.25% (86/126) of the samples. A humoral immune response was observed in most animals; however, fluctuating antibodies levels, leading to alternating positive and negative results, were observed in most snakes. © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Diagnóstico e caracterização molecular de Giardia duodenalis e Cryptosporidium spp. em amostras fecais de bovinos e ovinos

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Ocorrência e caracterização molecular de Cryptosporidium spp. em cordeiros na Região de Araçatuba-SP-Brasil: avaliação da transferência da imunidade passiva

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Padronização da reação de imunofluorescência direta para detecção de oocistos de cryptosporidium parvum em amostras fecais de bezerros

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Ocorrência de Cryptosporidium spp. em crianças e seus respectivos cães e gatos de estimação no município de Andradina, SP

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Avaliação física, epidemiológica e molecular da infecção por Cryptosporidium spp. em passeriformes

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Ocorrência e caracterização molecular de Cryptosporidium spp. em aves selvagens brasileiras

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Detecção molecular e subtipagem de Cryptosporidium spp. em caprinos, ovinos, bovinos, leitões e eqüinos jovens

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)