1000 resultados para Controle robusto
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This thesis presents a new structure of robust adaptive controller applied to mobile robots (surface mobile robot) with nonholonomic constraints. It acts in the dynamics and kinematics of the robot, and it is split in two distinct parts. The first part controls the robot dynamics, using variable structure model reference adaptive controllers. The second part controls the robot kinematics, using a position controller, whose objective is to make the robot to reach any point in the cartesian plan. The kinematic controller is based only on information about the robot configuration. A decoupling method is adopted to transform the linear model of the mobile robot, a multiple-input multiple-output system, into two decoupled single-input single-output systems, thus reducing the complexity of designing the controller for the mobile robot. After that, a variable structure model reference adaptive controller is applied to each one of the resulting systems. One of such controllers will be responsible for the robot position and the other for the leading angle, using reference signals generated by the position controller. To validate the proposed structure, some simulated and experimental results using differential drive mobile robots of a robot soccer kit are presented. The simulator uses the main characteristics of real physical system as noise and non-linearities such as deadzone and saturation. The experimental results were obtained through an C++ program applied to the robot soccer kit of Microrobot team at the LACI/UFRN. The simulated and experimental results are presented and discussed at the end of the text
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Conventional control strategies used in shunt active power filters (SAPF) employs real-time instantaneous harmonic detection schemes which is usually implements with digital filters. This increase the number of current sensors on the filter structure which results in high costs. Furthermore, these detection schemes introduce time delays which can deteriorate the harmonic compensation performance. Differently from the conventional control schemes, this paper proposes a non-standard control strategy which indirectly regulates the phase currents of the power mains. The reference currents of system are generated by the dc-link voltage controller and is based on the active power balance of SAPF system. The reference currents are aligned to the phase angle of the power mains voltage vector which is obtained by using a dq phase locked loop (PLL) system. The current control strategy is implemented by an adaptive pole placement control strategy integrated to a variable structure control scheme (VS-APPC). In the VS-APPC, the internal model principle (IMP) of reference currents is used for achieving the zero steady state tracking error of the power system currents. This forces the phase current of the system mains to be sinusoidal with low harmonics content. Moreover, the current controllers are implemented on the stationary reference frame to avoid transformations to the mains voltage vector reference coordinates. This proposed current control strategy enhance the performance of SAPF with fast transient response and robustness to parametric uncertainties. Experimental results are showing for determining the effectiveness of SAPF proposed control system
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The Methods for compensation of harmonic currents and voltages have been widely used since these methods allow to reduce to acceptable levels the harmonic distortion in the voltages or currents in a power system, and also compensate reactive. The reduction of harmonics and reactive contributes to the reduction of losses in transmission lines and electrical machinery, increasing the power factor, reduce the occurrence of overvoltage and overcurrent. The active power filter is the most efficient method for compensation of harmonic currents and voltages. The active power filter is necessary to use current and voltage controllers loop. Conventionally, the current and voltage control loop of active filter has been done by proportional controllers integrative. This work, investigated the use of a robust adaptive control technique on the shunt active power filter current and voltage control loop to increase robustness and improve the performance of active filter to compensate for harmonics. The proposed control scheme is based on a combination of techniques for adaptive control pole placement and variable structure. The advantages of the proposed method over conventional ones are: lower total harmonic distortion, more flexibility, adaptability and robustness to the system. Moreover, the proposed control scheme improves the performance and improves the transient of active filter. The validation of the proposed technique was verified initially by a simulation program implemented in C++ language and then experimental results were obtained using a prototype three-phase active filter of 1 kVA
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This work deals with an on-line control strategy based on Robust Model Predictive Control (RMPC) technique applied in a real coupled tanks system. This process consists of two coupled tanks and a pump to feed the liquid to the system. The control objective (regulator problem) is to keep the tanks levels in the considered operation point even in the presence of disturbance. The RMPC is a technique that allows explicit incorporation of the plant uncertainty in the problem formulation. The goal is to design, at each time step, a state-feedback control law that minimizes a 'worst-case' infinite horizon objective function, subject to constraint in the control. The existence of a feedback control law satisfying the input constraints is reduced to a convex optimization over linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) problem. It is shown in this work that for the plant uncertainty described by the polytope, the feasible receding horizon state feedback control design is robustly stabilizing. The software implementation of the RMPC is made using Scilab, and its communication with Coupled Tanks Systems is done through the OLE for Process Control (OPC) industrial protocol
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The stability of synchronous generators connected to power grid has been the object of study and research for years. The interest in this matter is justified by the fact that much of the electricity produced worldwide is obtained with the use of synchronous generators. In this respect, studies have been proposed using conventional and unconventional control techniques such as fuzzy logic, neural networks, and adaptive controllers to increase the stabilitymargin of the systemduring sudden failures and transient disturbances. Thismaster thesis presents a robust unconventional control strategy for maintaining the stability of power systems and regulation of output voltage of synchronous generators connected to the grid. The proposed control strategy comprises the integration of a sliding surface with a linear controller. This control structure is designed to prevent the power system losing synchronism after a sudden failure and regulation of the terminal voltage of the generator after the fault. The feasibility of the proposed control strategy was experimentally tested in a salient pole synchronous generator of 5 kVA in a laboratory structure
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Synchronous machines, widely used in energy generation systems, require constant voltage and frequency to obtain good quality of energy. However, for large load variati- ons, it is difficult to maintain outputs on nominal values due to parametric uncertainties, nonlinearities and coupling among variables. Then, we propose to apply the Dual Mode Adaptive Robust Controller (DMARC) in the field flux control loop, replacing the tradi- tional PI controller. The DMARC links a Model Reference Adaptive Controller (MRAC) and a Variable Structure Model Reference Adaptive Controller (VS-MRAC), incorpora- ting transient performance advantages from VS-MRAC and steady state properties from MRAC. Moreover, simulation results are included to corroborate the theoretical studies.
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A literatura disponível na área de controle de processos químicos tem dado pouca atenção para o problema da seleção de estruturas de controle, entretanto a correta escolha das variáveis controladas e manipuladas, assim como os seus pareamentos, é tão ou mesmo mais importante que o projeto do controlador propriamente dito, pois esta etapa define o desempenho alcançável para o sistema em malha fechada. Esta dissertação explora vários aspectos genéricos do controle de processos com o objetivo de introduzir os principais pontos da metodologia RPN, um método sistemático que, através de índices baseados em sólidos fundamentos matemáticos, permite avaliar o projeto de controle como um todo. O índice RPN (Número de Desempenho Robusto) indica quão potencialmente difícil é, para um dado sistema, alcançar o desempenho desejado. O produto final desse trabalho é o RPN-Toolbox, a implementação das rotinas da metodologia RPN em ambiente MATLAB® com o intuito de torná-la acessível a qualquer profissional da área de controle de processos. O RPN-Toolbox permite que todas as rotinas necessárias para proceder a análise RPN de controlabilidade sejam executadas através de comandos de linha ou utilizando uma interface gráfica. Além do desenvolvimento das rotinas para o toolbox, foi realizado um estudo do problema de controle denominado processo Tennessee-Eastman. Foi desenvolvida uma estrutura de controle para a unidade e esta foi comparada, de modo sistemático, através da metodologia RPN e de simulações dinâmicas, com outras soluções apresentadas na literatura. A partir do índice concluiu-se que a estrutura proposta é tão boa quanto a melhor das estruturas da literatura e a partir de simulações dinâmicas do processo frente a diversos distúrbios, a estrutura proposta foi a que apresentou melhores resultados.
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Recentes terremotos e furacões mostraram quão vulneráveis são as estruturas às forças da natureza. Ainda em países desenvolvidos, existe alto risco a desastres naturais. Portanto, um dos principais desafios da Engenharia é a prevenção de desastres mediante o desenvolvimento de conceitos inovadores de projeto, para proteger eficientemente as estruturas, seus moradores e o conteúdo, dos efeitos destrutivos das forças ambientais. O tradicional procedimento de projeto de construções para prevenir falhas catastróficas é baseado na combinação de resistência e capacidade de deformação (ductilidade). Solicitações de baixos níveis provocadas por ventos ou sismos são freqüentemente idealizados com cargas laterais que devem ser resistidas só pela ação elástica da estrutura, enquanto que, em eventos moderados ou severos permite-se certos níveis de dano estrutural e não estrutural, mas não, colapso da mesma. Esta filosofia proporcionou a base da maioria dos códigos de construção (fundados em métodos estáticos equivalentes) desde princípios do século, com resultados satisfatórios. No entanto, a partir do estudo das características dinâmicas das estruturas surgem novos e diversos conceitos de proteção dos sistemas estruturais que tem sido desenvolvidos e ainda estão em expansão, entre os quais pode-se citar a dissipação de energia externa. Esta nova tecnologia consiste em incorporar na estrutura, elementos projetados especificamente para dissipar energia. Com isto, logra-se reduzir as deformações nos membros estruturais primários e portanto, diminui-se a demandada de ductilidade e o possível dano estrutural, garantindo uma maior segurança e vida útil da estrutura Graças a recentes esforços e ao particular interesse da comunidade científica internacional, estudos teóricos e experimentais têm sido desenvolvidos durante a última década com resultados surpreendentes. Hoje já existem sistemas de dissipação de energia aplicados com sucesso em países como Estados Unidos, Itália, Nova Zelândia, Japão e México. Recentemente este campo está-se estendendo na América do Sul. Dentro deste contexto, considerando o beneficio econômico e o melhor desempenho estrutural que implica a incorporação desta nova tecnologia, no presente trabalho abordou-se o estudo deste tipo de sistemas de proteção estrutural orientado ao uso de amortecedores metálicos. O trabalho dividiu-se em três partes principais: a) Projetar e construir um amortecedor metálico que usa as excelentes propriedades do chumbo para dissipar energia. b) Desenvolvimento de metodologias de análise e projeto de estruturas que incorporam amortecimento suplementar a fim de melhorar o seu desempenho estrutural. c) Avaliação da eficiência de sistemas externos de dissipação de energia em estruturas. A primeira parte consistiu em projetar e construir um amortecedor metálico para logo submetê-lo a numerosos testes com diferentes níveis de amplitude de deslocamento e freqüência a fim de avaliar suas propriedades mecânicas e desempenho. Os resultados são considerados altamente satisfatórios. Na segunda parte foram desenvolvidas ferramentas computacionais para pesquisa e docência na área da mecânica estrutural mediante as quais é possível simular o comportamento linear e não linear de estruturas que incorporam amortecimento suplementar Finalmente, apresenta-se um procedimento robusto para avaliar a eficiência dos sistemas dissipadores de energia baseado numa análise da confiabilidade estrutural. Através de vários exemplos com estruturas reais e teóricas se atingem os objetivos traçados no presente trabalho.
Resumo:
The so-called Dual Mode Adaptive Robust Control (DMARC) is proposed. The DMARC is a control strategy which interpolates the Model Reference Adaptive Control (MRAC) and the Variable Structure Model Reference Adaptive Control (VS-MRAC). The main idea is to incorporate the transient performance advantages of the VS-MRAC controller with the smoothness control signal in steady-state of the MRAC controller. Two basic algorithms are developed for the DMARC controller. In the first algorithm the controller's adjustment is made, in real time, through the variation of a parameter in the adaptation law. In the second algorithm the control law is generated, using fuzzy logic with Takagi-Sugeno s model, to obtain a combination of the MRAC and VS-MRAC control laws. In both cases, the combined control structure is shown to be robust to the parametric uncertainties and external disturbances, with a fast transient performance, practically without oscillations, and a smoothness steady-state control signal
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In this work is proposed an indirect approach to the DualMode Adaptive Robust Controller (DMARC), combining the typicals transient and robustness properties of Variable Structure Systems, more specifically of Variable Structure Model Reference Adaptive Controller (VS-MRAC), with a smooth control signal in steady-state, typical of conventional Adaptive Controllers, as Model Reference Adaptive Controller (MRAC). The goal is to provide a more intuitive controller design, based on physical plant parameters, as resistances, inertia moments, capacitances, etc. Furthermore, with the objective to follow the evolutionary line of direct controllers, it will be proposed an indirect version for the Binary Model Reference Adaptive Controller (B-MRAC), that was the first controller attemptting to act as MRAC as well as VS-MRAC, depending on a pre-defined fixed parameter
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
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The robustness and performance of the Variable Structure Adaptive Pole Placement Controller are evaluated in this work, where this controller is applied to control a synchronous generator connected to an infinite bus. The evaluation of the robustness of this controller will be accomplished through simulations, where the control algorithm was subjected to adverse conditions, such as: disturbances, parametric variations and unmodeled dynamic. It was also made a comparison of this control strategy with another one, using classic controllers. In the simulations, it is used a coupled model of the synchronous generator which variables have a high degree of coupling, in other words, if there is a change in the input variables of the generator, it will change all outputs simultaneously. The simulation results show which control strategy performs better and is more robust to disturbances, parametric variations and unmodeled dynamics for the control of Synchronous Generator
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)