Inference approach to grammar construction

A system of computer assisted grammar construction (CAGC) is presented in this paper. The CAGC system is designed to generate broad-coverage grammars for large natural language corpora by utilizing both an extended inside-outside algorithm and an automatic phrase bracketing (AUTO) system which is designed to provide the extended algorithm with constituent information during learning. This paper demonstrates the capability of the CAGC system to deal with realistic natural language problems and the usefulness of the AUTO system for constraining the inside-outside based grammar re-estimation. Performance results, including coverage, recall and precision, are presented for a grammar constructed for the Wall Street Journal (WSJ) corpus using the Penn Treebank.

The Construction of grammar concepts at secondary school

In this study we make a general research question [1] and two specific ones [2] i [3]: [1] How can we establish a new model for teaching and learning grammar? [2] How metalinguistic knowledge is built within this model? [3] How can we elaborate an analysis model for exploring grammar knowledge?

Grammar-Guided Evolutionary Construction of Bayesian networks

This paper proposes the EvoBANE system. EvoBANE automatically generates Bayesian networks for solving special-purpose problems. EvoBANE evolves a population of individuals that codify Bayesian networks until it finds near optimal individual that solves a given classification problem. EvoBANE has the flexibility to modify the constraints that condition the solution search space, self-adapting to the specifications of the problem to be solved. The system extends the GGEAS architecture. GGEAS is a general-purpose grammar-guided evolutionary automatic system, whose modular structure favors its application to the automatic construction of intelligent systems. EvoBANE has been applied to two classification benchmark datasets belonging to different application domains, and statistically compared with a genetic algorithm performing the same tasks. Results show that the proposed system performed better, as it manages different complexity constraints in order to find the simplest solution that best solves every problem.

Vocabulary of the Catawba language : with some remarks on its grammar, construction and pronunciation /

"From collections of the South-Carolina Historical Society, Vol. II."

Tower's common school grammar; with models of clausal, phrasal, and verbal analysis and parsing; gradually developing the construction of the English sentence.

Mode of access: Internet.

Tower's common school grammar : with models of clausal, phrasal, and verbal analysis and parsing ; gradually developing the construction of the English sentence /

Mode of access: Internet.

Gradual lessons in grammar, or, Guide to the construction of the English language by the analysis and composition of sentences /

On spine: Tower's English grammar.

A complete analysis or grammar of the German language: being a philological view, both theoretical and practical, of its construction, analogies, and various properties ...

Mode of access: Internet.

Vocabulary of the language spoken by the aborigines of the Southern and Eastern portions of the settled districts of South Australia, viz., by the tribes in the vicinity of Encounter Bay, and (with slight variations) by those extending along the coast to the Eastward around Lake Alexandrina and for distance up the River Murray: preceded by a grammar, showing the construction of the language as far as at present known,

Mode of access: Internet.

Rudiments of English grammar : containing, I. The different kinds, relations, and changes of words, II. Syntax, or the right construction of sentences : with an appendix, comprehending a table of verbs irregularly inflected ... /

Mode of access: Internet.

Progressive exercises in English grammar, part II : containing the principles of the synthesis or construction of the English language /

Mode of access: Internet.

Exercises to the rules and construction of French speech; consisting of passages extracted out of the best French authors, with a reference to the grammar-rules, to be turned back into French.

With his Grammar of the French tongue. London, 1801.

Secret Squirrel Stuff in the Australian Curriculum English: The genesis of the ‘new’ grammar

In much the same way that a squirrel stores a range of food in a range of places, the Australian Curriculum, Assessment and Reporting Authority’s (ACARA) Australian Curriculum: English (ACARA, 2015) stores references to grammar in a range of places. This paper explores some seemingly ‘hidden’ grammars within the AC:E to (re)discover their genesis and how they unfold across Foundation to Year 6. The first ‘Secret Squirrel’ moment centres on the introduction of a new grammar which weaves traditional Latin-based and Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) theory. The second ‘Secret Squirrel’ moment centres on the use of one sub-system of SFL Theory, the System of Appraisal, and its potential to provide an analytical lens for ‘reading’ the interpersonal meaning within narratives. The remainder of the paper draws on Goodson’s (1990) notion of curriculum as a social construction, paying attention to the levels of processes and (potential) practice. This part of the paper focuses on the System of Appraisal as it is introduced in the AC:E and then translates the Content Descriptions to an example analysis. One stimulus text, Melanie Watt’s (2012) children’s picture book ‘Scaredy Squirrel at the Beach’, is introduced then analysed using the System of Appraisal as an analytical lens for identifying how language choices ‘go to work’ (Macken-Horarik, 2003, p. 285) on readers, that is how Watt’s language choices are crafted so a ‘compliant’ child reader (Martin & White, 2005, p. 62) has the opportunity to ‘feel with’ and thus ‘adjudicate’ the behaviour of characters in particular ways (Macken-Horarik, 2003, p. 285).

Construction of Intelligent Virtual Worlds Using a Grammatical Framework

The potential of integrating multiagent systems and virtual environments has not been exploited to its whole extent. This paper proposes a model based on grammars, called Minerva, to construct complex virtual environments that integrate the features of agents. A virtual world is described as a set of dynamic and static elements. The static part is represented by a sequence of primitives and transformations and the dynamic elements by a series of agents. Agent activation and communication is achieved using events, created by the so-called event generators. The grammar defines a descriptive language with a simple syntax and a semantics, defined by functions. The semantics functions allow the scene to be displayed in a graphics device, and the description of the activities of the agents, including artificial intelligence algorithms and reactions to physical phenomena. To illustrate the use of Minerva, a practical example is presented: a simple robot simulator that considers the basic features of a typical robot. The result is a functional simple simulator. Minerva is a reusable, integral, and generic system, which can be easily scaled, adapted, and improved. The description of the virtual scene is independent from its representation and the elements that it interacts with.