Avaliação da qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde por meio do questionário CHQ-PF50® em crianças com distúrbios da evacuação

Pós-graduação em Pediatria - FMB

Uma atividade de educação em saúde para puérperas num alojamento conjunto

The Rooming favors the permanence of the mother with the newborn, thus establishing a stronger link between the mother and baby, in addition, care assistance and guidance are essential to both through the health care team because they recognize the moments critical that their interventions are necessary to ensure the health of both. The educational lecture was an option to have the opportunity to assist, guide and answer possible questions that may arise for mothers, and also to assess the knowledge of puéperas regarding the care of babies and self care. There was participation from 40 patients. In the study methodology was developed a questionnaire containing two subjects (self-care and care for newborns) was given to patients before and after the lecture held by the author in a rooming Maternity HC de Botucatu. The results were analyzed statistically and studied by the author, allowing note that many significant results were obtained after the lecture, which we realize that the same intervention on self-care was significant in respect of: bleeding, infection in the genital tract and urinary tract, surgical dehiscence , care of the lower limbs and constipation, how to care for the newborn was the significance to the questions about the hygiene of the umbilical stump, cramps, hunger, weeping and pacifiers. In the pre-lecture questions 73.00% of 27.00% were right and wrong. Our conclusion is that the mothers have a high level of prior knowledge and educational lectures enriches their knowledge in a creative and participatory

Questões sobre gravidez

O Flash aborda alterações que podem ocorrer durante a gravidez, com destaque para as seguintes questões: êmese e hiperêmese; hemorróida; dor abdominal e lombar; corrimento vaginal; varizes; câimbras; flatulências e constipação intestinal; sangramento gengival.

Caso Antonia [exercício]

Questões objetivas de múltipla escolha que avaliam as competências em diagnóstico diferencial do broncoespasmo na APS, diagnóstico e manejo das infecções do trato urinário, diagnóstico e manejo da rinite, abordagem das situações de constipação e abordagem das situações de “ninho vazio”.

Ações da clínica e do cuidado nos principais agravos à saúde da criança para enfermeiro

Tópico 1 – Atenção integral às doenças prevalentes na infância O tópico aborda a importância do planejamento do trabalho em equipe, da organização do fluxo de atendimento à criança, do conhecimento dos indicadores de saúde para avaliação dos fatores de risco e o planejamento de ações individuais e coletivas, bem como de ações educativas e da comunicação com a família e a criança. Revê os AIDPI/OMS: objetivos, passos, problemas comuns de infecção respiratória, desidratação, diarreia, febre e anemias, ações de enfermagem. Apresenta, também, indicações bibliográficas sobre os diversos assuntos. Tópico 2 – Problemas mais comuns do lactante O tópico aborda os problemas mais comuns que ocorrem à criança lactante, apresentado as prováveis causas e ações de enfermagem a serem realizadas, a saber: regurgitação, dor abdominal e constipação intestinal. Tópico 3 – Problemas comuns na pré-escola O tópico aborda os problemas mais comuns que ocorrem à criança na fase pré-escola/creche, apresentado as prováveis causas e ações de enfermagem a serem realizadas, a saber: conjuntivite, parasitose intestinal e estomatite. Tópico 4 – Problemas mais comuns no escolar O tópico aborda os problemas mais comuns que ocorrem à criança na fase escolar, apresentado as prováveis causas e ações de enfermagem a serem realizadas, a saber: mononucleose infecciosa, encoprese e enurese. Apresenta, também, um caso para reflexão. Conteúdo Online do módulo de Atenção integral à saúde da criança: Ações da clínica e do cuidado nos principais agravos à saúde da criança para enfermeiro. Unidade 5 do módulo 11 para dentista que compõe o Curso de Especialização Multiprofissional em Saúde da Família.

Principais agravos na saúde da criança I

Unidade 2 do Curso Autoinstrucional de Capacitação em Atenção Integral à Saúde da Criança II, produzido pela UNA-SUS/UFMA e voltado para médicos atuantes na Atenção Básica. Aborda temas relativos aos principais agravos na saúde da criança, destacando-se aspectos sobre violência, icterícia neonatal, distúrbios gastrintestinais, algumas afecções dermatológicas e dermatites.

Fatores determinantes para a introdução de outros alimentos em crianças menores de seis meses em aleitamento materno

Este estudo teve como objetivo estudar os fatores que determinam a introdução precoce de novos alimentos às crianças menores de seis meses em aleitamento materno e avaliar estes fatores na amamentação das crianças nascidas no período de dezembro de 2009 a maio de 2010 e acompanhadas em Unidade de Atenção Primária em Saúde (UAPS) com Saúde da Família (SF) do município de Governador Valadares/MG. Foram analisados artigos científicos nacionais e os prontuários de todas as 15 crianças nascidas naquele período. Observou-se na unidade que 35,3 das crianças não estavam em aleitamento materno exclusivo (AME) e tinham entre um e quatro meses de vida. Os motivos para introdução precoce de novos alimentos foram variados, e são semelhantes àqueles encontrados na literatura consultada: interferência de outros familiares, falta de leite, leite insuficiente/leite fraco, constipação intestinal, cólica abdominal, irritação da criança e sono interrompido várias vezes à noite. Os alimentos escolhidos pra substituir o leite materno foram chá, água e leite industrializado com engrossante. Percebeu-se que a maioria dos motivos apresentados decorre de mitos arraigados na cultura das mães e que as informações e orientações fornecidas a elas não são suficientes para sensibilizá-las ao ato de amamentar, o que evidencia a necessidade de novas estratégias para a superação deste importante problema.

A puericultura na Atenção Primária à Saúde

Este projeto de intervenção visa realizar a busca ativa de crianças com constipação intestinal crônica, cadastradas na Estratégia de Saúde da Família (ESF) Santa Maria, no município de Benevides, Pará, com idade entre dois e doze anos de idade, cujos responsáveis aceitem conversar sobre os hábitos intestinais das crianças, no momento da visita domiciliar ou durante a consulta médica e de enfermagem. O projeto visa realizar o diagnóstico da constipação intestinal crônica precocemente através dos Critérios de Roma III, a fim de evitar suas complicações e promover o crescimento e desenvolvimento adequados, além da adoção de medidas para o seu controle e o planejamento de ações de prevenção.

Defective Apoptosis In Intestinal And Mesenteric Adipose Tissue Of Crohn's Disease Patients.

Crohn's disease (CD) is associated with complex pathogenic pathways involving defects in apoptosis mechanisms. Recently, mesenteric adipose tissue (MAT) has been associated with CD ethiopathology, since adipose thickening is detected close to the affected intestinal area. However, the potential role of altered apoptosis in MAT of CD has not been addressed. To evaluate apoptosis in the intestinal mucosa and MAT of patients with CD. Samples of intestinal mucosa and MAT from patients with ileocecal CD and from non-inflammatory bowel diseases patients (controls) were studied. Apoptosis was assessed by TUNEL assay and correlated with the adipocytes histological morphometric analysis. The transcriptional and protein analysis of selected genes and proteins related to apoptosis were determined. TUNEL assay showed fewer apoptotic cells in CD, when compared to the control groups, both in the intestinal mucosa and in MAT. In addition, the number of apoptotic cells (TUNEL) correlated significantly with the area and perimeter of the adipose cells in MAT. Transcriptomic and proteomic analysis reveal a significantly lower transcript and protein levels of Bax in the intestinal mucosa of CD, compared to the controls; low protein levels of Bax were found localized in the lamina propria and not in the epithelium of this tissue. Furthermore, higher level of Bcl-2 and low level of Caspase 3 were seen in the MAT of CD patients. The defective apoptosis in MAT may explain the singular morphological characteristics of this tissue in CD, which may be implicated in the pathophysiology of the disease.

Overlapped Sequence Types (sts) And Serogroups Of Avian Pathogenic (apec) And Human Extra-intestinal Pathogenic (expec) Escherichia Coli Isolated In Brazil.

Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) strains belong to a category that is associated with colibacillosis, a serious illness in the poultry industry worldwide. Additionally, some APEC groups have recently been described as potential zoonotic agents. In this work, we compared APEC strains with extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) strains isolated from clinical cases of humans with extra-intestinal diseases such as urinary tract infections (UTI) and bacteremia. PCR results showed that genes usually found in the ColV plasmid (tsh, iucA, iss, and hlyF) were associated with APEC strains while fyuA, irp-2, fepC sitDchrom, fimH, crl, csgA, afa, iha, sat, hlyA, hra, cnf1, kpsMTII, clpVSakai and malX were associated with human ExPEC. Both categories shared nine serogroups (O2, O6, O7, O8, O11, O19, O25, O73 and O153) and seven sequence types (ST10, ST88, ST93, ST117, ST131, ST155, ST359, ST648 and ST1011). Interestingly, ST95, which is associated with the zoonotic potential of APEC and is spread in avian E. coli of North America and Europe, was not detected among 76 APEC strains. When the strains were clustered based on the presence of virulence genes, most ExPEC strains (71.7%) were contained in one cluster while most APEC strains (63.2%) segregated to another. In general, the strains showed distinct genetic and fingerprint patterns, but avian and human strains of ST359, or ST23 clonal complex (CC), presented more than 70% of similarity by PFGE. The results demonstrate that some zoonotic-related STs (ST117, ST131, ST10CC, ST23CC) are present in Brazil. Also, the presence of moderate fingerprint similarities between ST359 E. coli of avian and human origin indicates that strains of this ST are candidates for having zoonotic potential.

Yerba Maté (Ilex paraguariensis) aqueous extract decreases intestinal SGLT1 gene expression but does not affect other biochemical parameters in alloxan-diabetic wistar rats

Yerba mate´ (Ilex paraguariensis) is rich in polyphenols, especially chlorogenic acids. Evidence suggests that dietary polyphenols could play a role in glucose absorption and metabolism. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antidiabetic properties of yerba mate´ extract in alloxan-induced diabetic Wistar rats. Animals (n ) 41) were divided in four groups: nondiabetic control (NDC, n=11), and diabetic yerba maté (DY, n = 10). The intervention consisted in the administration of yerba mate´ extract in a 1 g extract/ kg body weight dose for 28 days; controls received saline solution only. There were no significant differences in serum glucose, insulin, and hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase activity between the groups that ingested yerba maté extract (NDY and DY) and the controls (NDC and DC). However, the intestinal SGLT1 gene expression was significantly lower in animals that received yerba maté both in upper (p = 0.007) and middle (p < 0.001) small intestine. These results indicate that bioactive compounds present in yerba maté might be capable of interfering in glucose absorption, by decreasing SGLT1 expression

Effects of enriched colostrum supply in intestinal mucosa morphology of newborn calves

Colostrum intake in neonatal calves is essential to obtain passive immunity and to influence metabolism, endocrine systems and the nutritional state. This study compares morphologic features of small intestine of calves fed a colostrum second meal at 12 hours of life with concentrations of immunoglobulin G (IgG) higher than 100mg mL(-1) (fresh colostrum or artificially prepared with addition of lyophilized colostrum) or smaller than 30mg mL(-1). Twenty-four Holstein calves were randomly grouped according to concentration of IgG intake at 12 hours of life: low (less than 30mg mL(-1)); high (more than 100mg mL(-1)); plus lyophilized colostrum (more than 120mg mL(-1)). Intestinal tissue samples were collected at 0, 10, 24 and 72 hours after birth to evaluate morphology in segments: duodenum; proximal, middle and distal jejunum and ileum by examined with a scanning electron microscope. Villi of all segments showed more organized and uniform morphology characteristics with age. Only the animals fed colostrum with more than 100mg mL(-1) of IgG at 24 hours after birth still showed the distal jejunum villi disoriented and more united in comparison to the other ages and groups. Intake of lyophilized colostrum affected ileum morphology along experiment period. Higher concentration of immunologic and bioactive elements supplied for longer period of time could be responsible for promoting effects on the enterocytes. Use of colostrum with high IgG concentrations, with or without addition of lyophilized colostrum, influenced the precocity of the intestinal mucosa development in newborn calves, suggesting earlier maturation of the mucosa.

Intestinal Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Baccharis dracunculifolia in the Trinitrobenzenesulphonic Acid Model of Rat Colitis

Baccharis dracunculifolia DC (Asteraceae) is a Brazilian medicinal plant popularly used for its antiulcer and anti-inflammatory properties. This plant is the main botanical source of Brazilian green propolis, a natural product incorporated into food and beverages to improve health. The present study aimed to investigate the chemical profile and intestinal anti-inflammatory activity of B. dracunculifolia extract on experimental ulcerative colitis induced by trinitrobenzenosulfonic acid (TNBS). Colonic damage was evaluated macroscopically and biochemically through its evaluation of glutathione content and its myeloperoxidase (MPO) and alkaline phosphatase activities. Additional in vitro experiments were performed in order to test the antioxidant activity by inhibition of induced lipid peroxidation in the rat brain membrane. Phytochemical analysis was performed by HPLC using authentic standards. The administration of plant extract (5 and 50 mgkg(-1)) significantly attenuated the colonic damage induced by TNBS as evidenced both macroscopically and biochemically. This beneficial effect can be associated with an improvement in the colonic oxidative status, since plant extract prevented glutathione depletion, inhibited lipid peroxidation and reduced MPO activity. Caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, aromadendrin-4-O-methyl ether, 3-prenyl-p-coumaric acid, 3,5-diprenyl-p-coumaric acid and baccharin were detected in the plant extract.

Blood Meal-Derived Heme Decreases ROS Levels in the Midgut of Aedes aegypti and Allows Proliferation of Intestinal Microbiota

The presence of bacteria in the midgut of mosquitoes antagonizes infectious agents, such as Dengue and Plasmodium, acting as a negative factor in the vectorial competence of the mosquito. Therefore, knowledge of the molecular mechanisms involved in the control of midgut microbiota could help in the development of new tools to reduce transmission. We hypothesized that toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by epithelial cells control bacterial growth in the midgut of Aedes aegypti, the vector of Yellow fever and Dengue viruses. We show that ROS are continuously present in the midgut of sugar-fed (SF) mosquitoes and a blood-meal immediately decreased ROS through a mechanism involving heme-mediated activation of PKC. This event occurred in parallel with an expansion of gut bacteria. Treatment of sugar-fed mosquitoes with increased concentrations of heme led to a dose dependent decrease in ROS levels and a consequent increase in midgut endogenous bacteria. In addition, gene silencing of dual oxidase (Duox) reduced ROS levels and also increased gut flora. Using a model of bacterial oral infection in the gut, we show that the absence of ROS resulted in decreased mosquito resistance to infection, increased midgut epithelial damage, transcriptional modulation of immune-related genes and mortality. As heme is a pro-oxidant molecule released in large amounts upon hemoglobin degradation, oxidative killing of bacteria in the gut would represent a burden to the insect, thereby creating an extra oxidative challenge to the mosquito. We propose that a controlled decrease in ROS levels in the midgut of Aedes aegypti is an adaptation to compensate for the ingestion of heme.