Restabelecimento funcional do tendão extensor digital longo submetido a ressecção parcial em equinos: Observação macroscópica, histopatológica e ultra-sonográfica

The objective of this work was to study the macroscopic, ultrasonographic and histopathologic aspects from the newly formed cicatricial tissue at the site of the partial resection of the long digital extensor tendon in 10 equines at the moment of functional restoration of the limb with the animal in walk locomotion. The macroscopic exam was performed every 48 hours, the planimetric mensuration every 10 days, the ultrasonographic exam every 15 days and the histopathologyc exam at the end of the study. The wounds showed granulation tissue in retraction, without total lesion epithelization, and the aspects ultrasonographics revealed wound healing with newly formed tissues with variable density and high neovascularization without tendon structural reorganization. The histopathology showed newly formed vascularized tissue, with leukocytic infiltrate and collagenous deposition without full epithelization. The cicatrization tissue formed in the resection region of the tendon, immature and without the structural organization of the normal tendon, showed to be able to functional restoration of the operated limb.

Restabelecimento funcional do tendão extensor digital longo submetido à tenectomia em eqüinos: observação macroscópica, ultra-sonográfica e histopatológica

Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FMVZ

Soluções numéricas de Equações Diferenciais Fracionária e Ordinária para o cálculo da distribuição da concentração em um sistema de compartimento

The purpose of this work was the study of numerical methods for differential equations of fractional order and ordinary. These methods were applied to the problem of calculating the distribution of the concentration of a given substance over time in a given physical system. The two compartment model was used for representation of this system. Comparison between numerical solutions obtained were performed and, in particular, also compared with the analytical solution of this problem. Finally, estimates for the error between the solutions were calculated

Variação aguda da frequência cardíaca durante série de hipertrofia para grupo flexor e extensor do cotovelo

Currently individuals are affected by a routine busy and they don't have time for physical activity, highlighting the sedentary lifestyle, a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. For this reason, it focuses too much on cardiovascular diseases and the importance of physical practice. With the largest divulgation and variety of physical activities, activities that were not as practiced became popular, as is the case of resistive exercise. Much is said of the influence of resistance exercise in physical strength, in muscle development and in the quest for a more defined body. However, studies have shown beneficial contributions of resistance exercise on the cardiovascular system. During the physical effort, some changes occur in the body in order to meet the increased demand for oxygen. Among them is the increase in heart rate (HR), which varies with the intensity of effort. Thus, this research sought to contribute with an analysis of the HR behavior before, during and after 3 sets of hypertrophy, as far for the flexor group of the elbow as to the extensor group. It was observed that, although the HR has increased in the course of the series, the variations of HR were not significant between the flexor group and extensor group of the elbow joint. Also were not significant the differences between the variations of the HR from the 1ª to the 2ª series between the flexor group and extensor group, as well as to the variations from the 2ª to the 3ª series

Extensor indicis brevis Muscle: an Unusual Muscular Variant

Knowledge of anatomical variations of the musculoskeletal system is important for interpreting unusual clinical presentations. We observed the presence of an abnormal extensor indicis muscle in the left hand of an adult male cadaver. In this case, the muscle comes from the ligament and over the scaphoideum and trapezoideum bones and continues after the short muscle belly; it is attached to the dorsal aponeurosis of the indicis. This muscular disposition was described in other studies which demonstrated approximately 1.0% of incidence. Clinically, this anatomical variation may be associated with pain and swelling at the back of the hand. In these cases symptoms tend to increase due to mechanical stress and can be confused with the presence of a dorsal synovial cyst. This report will help clinicians, surgeons, occupational and physical therapists formulate better clinical or surgical decisions when presented with a rare anatomical variation.

Muscular and pulmonary O2 uptake kinetics during moderate- and high-intensity sub-maximal knee-extensor exercise in humans

[EN] The purpose of this investigation was to determine the contribution of muscle O(2) consumption (mVO2) to pulmonary O(2) uptake (pVO2) during both low-intensity (LI) and high-intensity (HI) knee-extension exercise, and during subsequent recovery, in humans. Seven healthy male subjects (age 20-25 years) completed a series of LI and HI square-wave exercise tests in which mVO2 (direct Fick technique) and pVO2 (indirect calorimetry) were measured simultaneously. The mean blood transit time from the muscle capillaries to the lung (MTTc-l) was also estimated (based on measured blood transit times from femoral artery to vein and vein to artery). The kinetics of mVO2 and pVO2 were modelled using non-linear regression. The time constant (tau) describing the phase II pVO2 kinetics following the onset of exercise was not significantly different from the mean response time (initial time delay + tau) for mVO2 kinetics for LI (30 +/- 3 vs 30 +/- 3 s) but was slightly higher (P < 0.05) for HI (32 +/- 3 vs 29 +/- 4 s); the responses were closely correlated (r = 0.95 and r = 0.95; P < 0.01) for both intensities. In recovery, agreement between the responses was more limited both for LI (36 +/- 4 vs 18 +/- 4 s, P < 0.05; r = -0.01) and HI (33 +/- 3 vs 27 +/- 3 s, P > 0.05; r = -0.40). MTTc-l was approximately 17 s just before exercise and decreased to 12 and 10 s after 5 s of exercise for LI and HI, respectively. These data indicate that the phase II pVO2 kinetics reflect mVO2 kinetics during exercise but not during recovery where caution in data interpretation is advised. Increased mVO2 probably makes a small contribution to during the first 15-20 s of exercise.

Hypoxia and the cardiovascular response to dynamic knee-extensor exercise

[EN] Hypoxia affects O2 transport and aerobic exercise capacity. In two previous studies, conflicting results have been reported regarding whether O2 delivery to the muscle is increased with hypoxia or whether there is a more efficient O2 extraction to allow for compensation of the decreased O2 availability at submaximal and maximal exercise. To reconcile this discrepancy, we measured limb blood flow (LBF), cardiac output, and O2 uptake during two-legged knee-extensor exercise in eight healthy young men. They completed studies at rest, at two submaximal workloads, and at peak effort under normoxia (inspired O2 fraction 0.21) and two levels of hypoxia (inspired O2 fractions 0.16 and 0.11). During submaximal exercise, LBF increased in hypoxia and compensated for the decrement in arterial O2 content. At peak effort, however, our subjects did not achieve a higher cardiac output or LBF. Thus O2 delivery was not maintained and peak power output and leg O2 uptake were reduced proportionately. These data are consistent then with the findings of an increased LBF to compensate for hypoxemia at submaximal exercise, but no such increase occurs at peak effort despite substantial cardiac capacity for an elevation in LBF.

Studio della patogenesi di HIV-1 nel compartimento osseo: effetti della terapia antiretrovirale convenzionale e nuovi approcci all'eradicazione

L’obiettivo della tesi è studiare il virus HIV-1 in relazione alle alterazioni sistemiche, riscontrate nel paziente HIV-infetto, in particolare alterazioni a carico del sistema scheletrico, indotte dal virus o dall’azione dei farmaci utilizzati nella terapia antiretrovirale (HAART). L’incidenza dell’osteoporosi nei pazienti HIV-positivi è drammaticamente elevata rispetto alla popolazione sana. Studi clinici hanno evidenziato come alcuni farmaci, ad esempio inibitori della proteasi virale, portino alla compromissione dell’omeostasi ossea, con aumento del rischio fratturativo. Il nostro studio prevede un follow-up di 12 mesi dall’inizio della HAART in una coorte di pazienti naïve, monitorando diversi markers ossei. I risultati ottenuti mostrano un incremento dei markers metabolici del turnover osseo, confermando l’impatto della HAART sull’omeostasi ossea. Successivamente abbiamo focalizzato la nostra attenzione sugli osteoblasti, il citotipo che regola la sintesi di nuova matrice ossea. Gli esperimenti condotti sulla linea HOBIT mettono in evidenza come il trattamento, in particolare con inibitori della proteasi, porti ad apoptosi nel caso in cui vi sia una concentrazione di farmaco maggiore di quella fisiologica. Tuttavia, anche concentrazioni fisiologiche di farmaci possono regolare negativamente alcuni marker ossei, come ALP e osteocalcina. Infine esiste la problematica dell’eradicazione di HIV-1 dai reservoirs virali. La HAART riesce a controllare i livelli viremici, ciononostante diversi studi propongono alcuni citotipi come potenziali reservoir di infezione, vanificando l’effetto della terapia. Abbiamo, perciò, sviluppato un nuovo approccio molecolare all’eradicazione: sfruttare l’enzima virale integrasi per riconoscere in modo selettivo le sequenze LTR virali per colpire il virus integrato. Fondendo integrasi e l’endonucleasi FokI, abbiamo generato diversi cloni. Questi sono stati transfettati stabilmente in cellule Jurkat, suscettibili all’infezione. Una volta infettate, abbiamo ottenuto una significativa riduzione dei markers di infezione. Successivamente la transfezione nella linea linfoblastica 8E5/LAV, che porta integrata nel genoma una copia di HIV, ha dato risultati molto incoraggianti, come la forte riduzione del DNA virale integrato.

Patients with temporomandibular disorders have increased fatigability of the cervical extensor muscles

To determine whether patients with myogenous and mixed temporomandibular disorders (TMD) have greater fatigability of the cervical extensor muscles while performing a neck extensor muscle endurance test (NEMET) when compared with healthy controls.