Industry evolution and cross-sectoral skill transfers:a comparative analysis of the video game industry in Japan, the United States, and the United Kingdom

In this paper we explore the interrelationship between technological progress and the formation of industry-specific skills by analysing the evolution of the video-game industry in three countries: Japan, the United States, and the United Kingdom. We argue that the cross-sectoral transfer of skills occurs differently depending on national contexts, such as the social legitimacy and strength of preexisting industries, the socioeconomic status of entrepreneurs or pioneer firms in an emerging industry, and the sociocultural cohesiveness between the preexisting and emerging industries. Each country draws on a different set of creative resources, which results in a unique trajectory. Whereas Japan's video-game industry emerged out of corporate sponsorships in arcades, toys, and consumer electronics industries and drew skills from the comic book and animated-film sectors, the video-game industry in the United States evolved from arcades and personal computers. In the United Kingdom the video-game industry developed bottom-up, through a process of skills formation in the youth culture of 'bedroom coders' that nurtured self-taught programmers in their teens throughout the country.

O discurso de natureza nas HQs do Chico Bento: provocações ao campo do saber da Educação Ambiental

O presente estudo refere-se a uma Dissertação de Mestrado em Educação Ambiental (EA) a qual teve como objetivo estabelecer um diálogo em torno do conceito de nature-za a partir da análise das formas desse discurso veiculadas nas histórias em quadrinhos (HQs) do personagem Chico Bento e suas relações com as concepções presentes no campo de saber da EA. Com a intenção de problematizar a forma como as HQs, através do discurso de natureza, vêm contribuindo para pensarmos sobre EA, selecionaram-se HQs do Chico Bento publicadas entre os anos de 2009 e 2013 e que fazem referência à natureza. Apoiado em autores como Michel Foucault, Isabel Carvalho, Leandro Belina-so Guimarães, Maria Lúcia Castagna Wortmann, Mônica Meyer, Keith Thomas, Ray-mond Williams, entre outros, a pesquisa analisou as enunciações de natureza que com-puseram o corpus de análise desta investigação. O caminho metodológico selecionado para operar com o material empírico trata especificamente de algumas ferramentas da Análise do Discurso, a partir de Michel Foucault. Na análise do material posto em sus-penso, a pesquisa apontou para dois enunciados potentes, os quais vêm auxiliando na constituição do discurso de natureza por meio das HQs: a natureza constituída nos des-locamentos operados pelas diferenças culturais entre as realidades rural e urbana e um ideal romântico de natureza produzido pela visibilidade e enunciabilidade das HQs do Chico Bento. Com isso, evidenciou-se que as HQs analisadas entram na ordem do dis-curso verdadeiro no campo da EA. Sendo assim, ressalta-se a importância de atentarmos para os gibis e suas histórias, como um artefato cultural potente que vem nos auxiliando a olhar para o dispositivo da EA. Tal dispositivo interpelando-nos a constituir modos de ser e de viver, diante de saberes e verdades produzidas na e pela cultura, pois, diante dos significados travados por meio da cultura, vamos engendrando nossos modos de vida, bem como estabelecendo relações com o mundo em que vivemos.

The Cat Who Walks Through Years: Chris Claremont's X-Men as Kitty Pryde's bildungsroman

This dissertation examines the fictional character Kitty Pryde from the X-Men comic book series during the tenure of writer Chris Claremont. Claremont's work on the character primarily involves the years 1980-1990, though a return to writing the character in the 2000s is also discussed when relevant. The thesis question revolves around the definition of the bildungsroman genre and whether Claremont's narrative arc for Kitty Pryde's character fulfills that definition. Jerome Hamilton Buckley's 1974 book Season of Youth: The Bildungsroman from Dickens to Golding is used as the primary authority for the bildungsroman genre, and more specifically a list of nine criteria that Buckley deems particularly key to the definition of the genre. Each of the nine criteria is looked at in depth, demonstrating where and how they can be found in the narrative, if at all. However, because Buckley's perspective and criteria come from a time of less diversity, examination from a feminist and minority perspective is also added with ideas from Rita Felski and Stella Bolaki. Combining Buckley's initial list of nine criteria with more modern criticism, these ideas are then used to analyze Kitty Pryde's narrative arc and to determine whether it can be seen as a bildungsroman. The findings support reading Claremont's narrative arc of the Kitty Pryde character as a bildungsroman. Three of Buckley's nine key themes are identified as particularly prevalent in the narrative: the search for a vocation, ordeal by love, and the conflict of generations. Three more key themes are found to be less prevalent but still clearly present: the search for a working philosophy, the larger society, and alienation. Because Buckley's definition for the bildungsroman genre requires the presence of six of his nine key themes, the presence of the aforementioned six thus validate the reading of the narrative as a bildungsroman. The text also provides some suggestions for finding the three least applicable key themes within the narrative, but because their presence is not necessary to fulfill the definition of the bildungsroman, they are not rigorously examined. In addition to fulfilling Buckley's key themes, the paper also discusses the more modern minority-oriented views. It is shown how the narrative can be read in terms of a journey to diverge from norms, as per Felski's ideas of the unique qualities of the specifically female bildungsroman. As Kitty Pryde's narrative can be shown to conform to the bildungsroman ideas of both Buckley and Felski, the thesis question is thus answered positively: Chris Claremont's X-Men can indeed be read as Kitty Pryde's bildungsroman.

Book illustration, as (intersemiotic) translation: Pictures translating words

This article examines book illustrations through the prism of Translation Studies. It mainly suggests that the pictures in illustrated books are (intersemiotic) translations of the text and that, as such, they can be analyzed making use of the same tools applied to verbal interlingual translation. The first section deals with the theoretical bases upon which illustrations can be regarded as translations, concentrating on theories of re-creation, as illustration is viewed essentially as the re-creation of the text in visual form. One of the claims in this section is that, because illustration is carried out in very similar ways as interlingual translation itself, the term ""intersemiotic"" relates more to the (obvious) difference of medium. For this reason the word is most often referred to in parentheses. The second section discusses three particular ways through which illustrations can translate the text, namely, by reproducing the textual elements literally in the picture, by emphasizing a specific narrative element, and by adapting the pictures to a certain ideology or artistic trend. The example illustrations are extracted from different. kinds of publication and media, ranging from Virgil`s Aeneid, Lewis Carroll`s Alice in Wonderland and Mark Twain`s Adventures of Huckleberry Finn to an online comic version of Shakespeare`s Hamlet.

Text-book of comparative anatomy, by Arnold Lang with preface to the English translation by Ernst Haeckel, tr. into English by Henry M. Bernard and Matilda Bernard.

pt. 1

Text-book of comparative anatomy, by Arnold Lang with preface to the English translation by Ernst Haeckel, tr. into English by Henry M. Bernard and Matilda Bernard.

pt. 2

Your activity record book (English and Irish translation)

This fun physical activity record book outlines the recommended physical activity guidelines for children aged 5 to 18 and includes an easy way for children to keep track of how much physical activity they are getting.(Irish translation of 2011 booklet)

King's Scotch song book : containing a choice selection of comic, sentimental, and humourous Scotish [sic] songs : vol. I.

Woodcut facing t.p.

The earliest English translation of the first three books of the De imitatione Christi, now first printed from a ms. in the library of Trinity college, Dublin, with various readings from a ms. in the University library, Cambridge. Also the earliest printed translation of the whole work from a copy in the British museum (Books I-III by William Atkynson, D. D., book IV by the Lady Margaret, mother of K. Henry VII, and countess of Richmond and Derby).

Mode of access: Internet.

Hebrew reading lessons: consisting of the first four chapters of the book of Genesis, and the eighth chapter of the Proverbs. With a grammatical praxis, and interlineary translation/

Biblical selections are presented in an interlineary format.

The missing fragment of the Latin translation of the Fourth Book of Ezra /

Mode of access: Internet.