The level of compliance with the International Code of marketing of breast-milk substitutes: does it matter to stock markets?

The present paper explores, theoretically, and empirically, whether compliance with the International Code of marketing of breast-milk substitutes impacts on financial performance measured by stock markets. The empirical analysis, which considers a 20-year period, shows that stock markets are indifferent to the level of compliance by manufacturers with the International Code. Two important issues emerge from this result. Based on our finding that financial performance as measured by stock markets cannot explain the level of compliance, the first issue refers to what alternative types of mechanisms drive manufacturers who comply the least with voluntary codes such as the International Code. Conversely, from our finding that stock markets do not reward the most compliant, the second issue raised is an inherent weakness of stock markets to fully incorporate social and environmental values.

The major unresolved issues in the negotiations on the UNCTAD Code of Conduct for the transfer of technology

Includes bibliography

Draft programme of work on the dissemination of the European statistics code of practice in Latin America and the Caribbean

Includes bibliography

Proposal for a code of good practice in statistics in Latin America and the Caribbean and implementation plan for 2012-2013

Incluye Bibliografía

La política de los países de América Latina y el Caribe en materia de transporte marítimo regular y la Convención de las NU sobre un Código de Conducta de las Conferencias Marítimas = Latin American and Caribbean liner shipping policies and the UN Convention on a Code of Conduct for Liner Conferences

Incluye Bibliografía