Structural bases for the interaction and stabilization of the human amino acid transporter LAT2 with its ancillary protein 4F2hc.

Heteromeric amino acid transporters (HATs) are the unique example, known in all kingdoms of life, of solute transporters composed of two subunits linked by a conserved disulfide bridge. In metazoans, the heavy subunit is responsible for the trafficking of the heterodimer to the plasma membrane, and the light subunit is the transporter. HATs are involved in human pathologies such as amino acidurias, tumor growth and invasion, viral infection and cocaine addiction. However structural information about interactions between the heavy and light subunits of HATs is scarce. In this work, transmission electron microscopy and single-particle analysis of purified human 4F2hc/L-type amino acid transporter 2 (LAT2) heterodimers overexpressed in the yeast Pichia pastoris, together with docking analysis and crosslinking experiments, reveal that the extracellular domain of 4F2hc interacts with LAT2, almost completely covering the extracellular face of the transporter. 4F2hc increases the stability of the light subunit LAT2 in detergent-solubilized Pichia membranes, allowing functional reconstitution of the heterodimer into proteoliposomes. Moreover, the extracellular domain of 4F2hc suffices to stabilize solubilized LAT2. The interaction of 4F2hc with LAT2 gives insights into the structural bases for light subunit recognition and the stabilizing role of the ancillary protein in HATs.

Table I: Schedule of the drilling operation and lengths of the recovered core material for the boreholes on Vernagtferner in 1979

In 1979 a core drilling project was carried out on Vernagtferner in the Oetztal Alps (Austria). This report describes the field work of the drilling project, the recovered core material and the occurrence of water in the boreholes and compiles the succeding investigation program.

Soybeans and the world market [microform] : joint hearing before the Subcommittee on Agricultural Production and Stabilization of Prices and the Subcommittee on Domestic and Foreign Marketing and Product Promotion of the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry, United States Senate, One Hundredth Congress, second session, on the question of whether the marketing loan program should be expanded to include soybeans, March 18, 1988.

Distributed to some depository libraries in microfiche. Item 1032-C, 1032-D (microfiche)

The potential effects of the drawback extension on the sugar program [microform] : hearing before the Subcommittee on Agricultural Production and Stabilization of Prices of the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry, United States Senate, One Hundredth Congress, first session, on sugar drawback provisions of the Trade Bill, November 16, 1987.

CIS Microfiche Accession Numbers: CIS 88 S161-23

A reconnaissance across the Mackenzie mountains on the Pelly, Ross, and Gravel rivers, Yukon, and North West territories.

At head of title: Canada. Department of mines. Geological survey branch.

Planting guidelines for dune creation and stabilization /

"September 1977."

Experimental dune restoration and stabilization, Nauset Beach, Cape Cod, Massachusetts /

"August 1980."

Dune building and stabilization with vegetation /

Prepared for U.S. Army, Corps of Engineers, Coastal Engineering Research Center.

Drilling results and favorability criteria in Bull Canyon, Montrose and San Miguel Counties, Colorado /

"April 1955."

Impact of regulations on production, processing, and export of poultry [microform] : hearing before the Subcommittee on Agricultural Production, Marketing, and Stabilization of Prices of the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry, United States Senate, Ninety-seventh Congress, second session, February 16, 1982, Meridian, Miss.

CIS Microfiche Accession Numbers: CIS 82 S161-12

Wheat marketing problems [microform] : hearing before the Subcommittee on Agricultural Production, Marketing, and Stabilization of Prices of the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry, United States Senate, Ninety-sixth Congress, first session, June 28, 1979.

Reuse of record except for individual research requires license from Congressional Information Service, Inc.

Rice programs : hearing before the Subcommittee on Agricultural Production, Marketing, and Stabilization of Prices of the Committee on Agriculture and Forestry, United States Senate, Ninety-fourth Congress, first session, on S. 1645 ... S. 2260 ... S. 2385 ... November 14, 1975

Mode of access: Internet.

Agricultural transportation problems : hearings before the Subcommittee on Agricultural Production, Marketing, and Stabilization of Prices of the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry, United States Senate, Ninety-fifth Congress, first session, July 12 and 15, 1977

Mode of access: Internet.

A novel laponite clay-based Fe nanocomposite and its photo-catalytic activity in photo-assisted degradation of Orange II

A novel laponite RD clay-based Fe nanocomposite (Fe-Lap-RD) has been successfully synthesized through a reaction between a solution of iron salt and an aqueous dispersion of laponite RD clay. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) results reveal that the Fe-Lap-RD mainly consists of Fe2O3 (maghemite) and Fe2Si4O10(OH)2 (iron silicate hydroxide), which have tetragonal and monoclinic structures, respectively, and has a high specific surface area as well as a high pore volume. The photo-catalytic activity of the Fe-Lap-RD was examined in the photo-assisted degradation of an organic azo dye Orange II. It was found that the mineralization of Orange 11 undergoes a slower kinetics than discoloration, and 70% total organic carbon (TOC) of 0.2 mM Orange 11 can be removed in 90 min, implying that the Fe-Lap-RD exhibited a high photo-catalytic activity in the presence of H2O2 and UV light (254 nm) in the photo-assisted degradation of Orange II. In addition, our experiments also illustrate that the Fe-Lap-RD has a long-term stability but is of low cost. This study illustrates the possibility of photo-assisted degradation of organic compounds without the requirements to remove the Fe ions after reaction. Two possible catalytic reaction mechanisms are also proposed. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.