Ideologia sobre a mulher em pride and prejudice: uma análise dialógica do filme e do livro

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Poder, economía y espacio en Mendoza : 1850-1900 : del comercio ganadero a la agroindustria vitivinícola

El presente trabajo es planteado desde una perspectiva regional enmarcada en la línea de investigación seguida desde casi una década atrás: las transformaciones económicas y espaciales en Mendoza, y los procesos que las originan. El punto de partida fue considerar que la formación geográfico-histórica de las regiones confluye en la estructuración del Estado-nación. El equilibrio económico-político entre las regiones principales da fundamento para el desarrollo de la soberanía del Estado sobre el territorio de su dominio, en la medida en que tal equilibrio responda a una funcionalidad o complementariedad de esos espacios regionales, potenciando fuerzas centrípetas, integradoras, y controlando o anulando las centrífugas. Se propone entonces analizar el proceso de formación de una economía regional, centrada en Mendoza,durante la segunda mitad del siglo XIX, período en que se preparó y se difundió la modernización capitalista, asentada en un sistema agroindustrial vitivinícola. Es objeto de estudio principalmente el espacio valorizado mendocino, el oasis, y el proceso de construcción y expansión que registró. Pero como la región no es una simple superficie, sino un área organizada por grupos humanos interesó especialmente determinar la actuación de dichos grupos, su articulación con el espacio que construyeron y su vinculación funcional con otras regiones, en especial en el orden económico.

Simulação numérica do escoamento monofásico em uma bomba centrífuga radial

Centrifugal pumps are vastly used in many industrial applications. Knowledge of how these components behave in several circumstances is crucial for the development of more efficient and, therefore, less expensive pumping installations. The combination of multiple impellers, vaned diffusers and a volute might introduce several complex flow characteristics that largely deviate from regular inviscid pump flow theory. Computational Fluid Dynamics can be very helpful to extract information about which physical phenomena are involved in such flows. In this sense, this work performs a numerical study of the flow in a two-stage centrifugal pump (Imbil ITAP 65-330/2) with a vaned diffuser and a volute. The flow in the pump is modeled using the software Ansys CFX, by means of a multi-block, transient rotor-stator technique, with structured grids for all pump parts. The simulations were performed using water and a mixture of water and glycerin as work fluids. Several viscosities were considered, in a range between 87 and 720 cP. Comparisons between experimental data obtained by Amaral (2007) and numerical head curves showed a good agreement, with an average deviation of 6.8% for water. The behavior of velocity, pressure and turbulence kinetic energy fields was evaluated for several operational conditions. In general, the results obtained by this work achieved the proposed goals and are a significant contribution to the understanding of the flow studied.

Simulação do escoamento monofásico em um estágio de uma bomba centrífuga utilizando técnicas de fluidodinâmica computacional

Oil production and exploration techniques have evolved in the last decades in order to increase fluid flows and optimize how the required equipment are used. The base functioning of Electric Submersible Pumping (ESP) lift method is the use of an electric downhole motor to move a centrifugal pump and transport the fluids to the surface. The Electric Submersible Pumping is an option that has been gaining ground among the methods of Artificial Lift due to the ability to handle a large flow of liquid in onshore and offshore environments. The performance of a well equipped with ESP systems is intrinsically related to the centrifugal pump operation. It is the pump that has the function to turn the motor power into Head. In this present work, a computer model to analyze the three-dimensional flow in a centrifugal pump used in Electric Submersible Pumping has been developed. Through the commercial program, ANSYS® CFX®, initially using water as fluid flow, the geometry and simulation parameters have been defined in order to obtain an approximation of what occurs inside the channels of the impeller and diffuser pump in terms of flow. Three different geometry conditions were initially tested to determine which is most suitable to solving the problem. After choosing the most appropriate geometry, three mesh conditions were analyzed and the obtained values were compared to the experimental characteristic curve of Head provided by the manufacturer. The results have approached the experimental curve, the simulation time and the model convergence were satisfactory if it is considered that the studied problem involves numerical analysis. After the tests with water, oil was used in the simulations. The results were compared to a methodology used in the petroleum industry to correct viscosity. In general, for models with water and oil, the results with single-phase fluids were coherent with the experimental curves and, through three-dimensional computer models, they are a preliminary evaluation for the analysis of the two-phase flow inside the channels of centrifugal pump used in ESP systems

Controle aplicado a poços com método de elevação e bombeio centrífugo submerso

The Electrical Submersible Pumping is an artificial lift method for oil wells employed in onshore and offshore areas. The economic revenue of the petroleum production in a well depends on the oil flow and the availability of lifting equipment. The fewer the failures, the lower the revenue shortfall and costs to repair it. The frequency with which failures occur depends on the operating conditions to which the pumps are submitted. In high-productivity offshore wells monitoring is done by operators with engineering support 24h/day, which is not economically viable for the land areas. In this context, the automation of onshore wells has clear economic advantages. This work proposes a system capable of automatically control the operation of electrical submersible pumps, installed in oil wells, by an adjustment at the electric motor rotation based on signals provided by sensors installed on the surface and subsurface, keeping the pump operating within the recommended range, closest to the well s potential. Techniques are developed to estimate unmeasured variables, enabling the automation of wells that do not have all the required sensors. The automatic adjustment, according to an algorithm that runs on a programmable logic controller maintains the flow and submergence within acceptable parameters avoiding undesirable operating conditions, as the gas interference and high engine temperature, without need to resort to stopping the engine, which would reduce the its useful life. The control strategy described, based on modeling of physical phenomena and operational experience reported in literature, is materialized in terms of a fuzzy controller based on rules, and all generated information can be accompanied by a supervisory system

Cambios en los sistemas de partidos europeos: austeridad, euroescepticismo y partidos emergentes.

La crisis financiera y social surgida en Occidente durante el 2008 ha supuesto un punto de inflexión que aglutina la acumulación de los diversos defectos ocultos que ya venían incorporando las democracias del viejo continente. La gran recesión habría facilitado el desencadenamiento de protestas sociales, las cuales contienen demandas en contra de los procesos originados por el establishment europeo a través de políticas de contención del gasto social (austeridad), o bien enfatizando desfavorablemente ante el progreso en el proceso de integración europea. Estos reclamos sociales, a su vez, pueden haber propiciado un nuevo escenario de competencia partidista según los casos, con tendencias centrífugas en algunos sistemas de partidos concomitantes de la Unión Europea, lo que habría supuesto la aparición de nuevos actores políticos o, en algunos casos, la vuelta de “siglas resucitadas”. En ambos casos, éstos actores serían ahora capaces de capitalizar electoralmente new issues provocando realineamientos en el electorado. La articulación de estos nuevos potenciales políticos permite, a través de la localización de fallos en el mercado electoral, abrir ventanas de oportunidad en la arena electoral para nuevos actores políticos que estarían modificando sustancialmente los sistemas de partidos en la Unión Europea. Dado este contexto, la siguiente investigación pretende analizar a través de un estudio comparado de cuatro casos seleccionados (España, Grecia, Italia y el Reino Unido), hasta qué punto ciertas variables contribuyen a modificar las preferencias y conductas políticas de la ciudadanía de estos países. Se estudia a través de diversos indicadores e índices la evolución del gasto social en cada caso, la presencia de euroescepticismo, así como la postura y contenidos programáticos de nuevos actores políticos en torno a estos temas. Este estudio pretende centrarse en la figura del partido político, más concretamente en la teoría de los nuevos partidos políticos, en respuesta a las recientes percepciones de volatilidad en algunos países comunitarios. Siendo así que se pretenderá reconocer algunas notas destacables de sus planteamientos programáticos, su fuerza parlamentaria y la incidencia que tienen en el sistema de partidos que integran.