Disclosure of Leniency Materials: A Bridge between Public and Private Enforcement of Antitrust Law. Research Paper in Law 08/2013, December

The disclosure of leniency materials held by competition authorities has recently been under the spot. On the one hand, these documents could greatly help cartel victims to prove the damage and the causation link when filing damage actions against cartelists. On the other hand, future cartelists could be deterred from applying for leniency since damage actions could be brought as a result of the information submitted by themselves. Neither the current legislation nor the case law have attained yet to sufficiently clarify how to deal with this clash of interests. Our approach obviously attempts to strike a balance between both interests. But not only that. We see the current debate as a great opportunity to boost the private enforcement of antitrust law through the positive spillovers of leniency programmes. We hence propose to build a bridge between the public and the private enforcement by enabling a partial disclosure of the documents.

Authores cum commento. Cato, Theodolus, Facetus, Cartula quem de contemplu mundi dicunt. Thobias, Alanus in parabolis. Esopus in fabulis. Floretus, qui est diui Bernardi [et] is qui additur, Sulpitius verulanus.

Mode of access: Internet.

Marci Catonis ac M. Teren. Varronis De re rustica libri /

Mode of access: Internet.

Opuscula in hoc uolumine co[n]tenta, Archilochus de te[m]porum antiquitate & homeris octo. Philonis breuiariu[m] de te[m]poribus sacrae scripturae. Berosus chaldeus de origine & successione regnoru[m]. Manethon aegyptius subsecutus berosum in historia. Metasthines persa qui & ipse berosum subsecutus est. Myrsilus lesbius qui de italiae antiquitate scripsit. Xenophon historicus de quorunda aequiuocatio[n]e. Sempronius romanus de italiae descriptione. Fabius pictor historicus de italiae antiquitate. Catonis censorii de originibus fragmentum. Antonini pii ex itinerario italiae descriptio /

Fernández Valladares,

Petri Victorii Explicationes suarum in Catonem, Varronem, Columellam castigationum.

Mode of access: Internet.

Autores cum suis commentis scilicet, Catonis romani sententiae morales distichis descriptae, & marginalibus adnotamentis illustratae, cum scholijs Desid. Erasmi Roterodami ... Theodolus Aegloga, Faceti lusus, Chartula contemptus mundi ...

CCBE S. XVI,

Auctores octo cum commento /

Liber Cathonis, a1-c8 ; Liber Theodoli, c8-f7 ; Liber Faceti, f7-g5 ; Liber de contemptu mundi, g5-i2 ; Liber Thobie, i2-o6 ; Liber parabolarum Alani, o7-p6 ; Liber fabularum Esopi, p7-r4 ; Liber Floreti, r5-v3, Carmen iuvenile, v3-v5.

Traduction d'anciens ouvrages latins relatifs a l'agriculture et a la médecine vétérinaire /

Contiene: T. I: L'économie rurale de Caton - T. II: L'économie rurale de Varron - T. III-IV: L'économie rurale de Columelle - T. V: L'économie rurale de Palladius - T. VI: L'économie rurale de Vegetius.

Traduction d'anciens ouvrages latins relatifs a l'agriculture et a la médecine vétérinaire /

Contiene: T. I: L'économie rurale de Caton - T. II: L'économie rurale de Varron - T. III-IV: L'économie rurale de Columelle - T. V: L'économie rurale de Palladius - T. VI: L'économie rurale de Vegetius.

Disticha de moribus, nomine Catonis inscripta /

Mode of access: Internet.

Les agronomes latins : Caton, Varron, Columelle, Palladius : avec la traduction en français /

Texto a dos col.

Distiques de Caton en vers latin, grecs et français : suivis des quatrains de Pibrac /

Mode of access: Internet.

Les agronomes latins : Caton, Varron, Columelle, Palladius avec la traduction en français /

Mode of access: Internet.

Epidermal Growth Factor Impairs Palatal Shelf Adhesion and Fusion in the T gf-β3 Null Mutant

The cleft palate presented by transforming growth factor-β3 (Tgf-β3 ) null mutant mice is caused by altered palatal shelf adhesion, cell proliferation, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transformation and cell death. The expression of epidermal growth factor (EGF), transforming growth factor-β1 ( Tgf-β1 ) and muscle segment homeobox-1 (Msx-1) is modified in the palates of these knockout mice, and the cell proliferation defect is caused by the change in EGF expression. In this study, we aimed to determine whether this change in EGF expression has any effect on the other mechanisms altered in Tgf-β 3 knockout mouse palates. We tested the effect of inhibiting EGF activity in vitro in the knockout palates via the addition of Tyrphostin AG 1478. We also investigated possible interactions between EGF, Tgf-β 1 and Msx-1 in Tgf-β 3 null mouse palate cultures. The results show that the inhibition of EGF activity in Tgf-β 3 null mouse palate cultures improves palatal shelf adhesion and fusion, with a particular effect on cell death, and restores the normal distribution pattern of Msx-1 in the palatal esenchyme. Inhibition of TGF-β 1 does not affect either EGF or Msx-1 expression.