Análise de escoamentos incompressíveis utilizando simulação de grandes escalas e adaptação de malhas

No presente estudo, são apresentadas soluções numéricas de problemas de Engenharia, na área de Dinâmica dos Fluidos Computacional, envolvendo fluidos viscosos, em escoamentos incompressíveis, isotérmicos e não isotérmicos, em regime laminar e turbulento, podendo envolver transporte de massa. Os principais objetivos deste trabalho são a formulação e a aplicação de uma estratégia de adaptação automática de malhas e a inclusão de modelos de viscosidade turbulenta, integrados com um algoritmo utilizado para simular escoamentos de fluidos viscosos bi e tridimensionais, no contexto de malhas não estruturadas. O estudo é dirigido no sentido de aumentar o conhecimento a respeito das estruturas de escoamentos turbulentos e de estudar os efeitos físicos no transporte de quantidades escalares propiciando, através de técnicas de adaptação automática de malhas, a obtenção de soluções numéricas precisas a um custo computacional otimizado. As equações de conservação de massa, de balanço de quantidade de movimento e de quantidade escalar filtradas são utilizadas para simular as grandes escalas de escoamentos turbulentos e, para representar as escalas submalha, são utilizados dois modelos de viscosidade turbulenta: o modelo de Smagorinsky clássico e o modelo dinâmico. Para obter soluções numéricas com precisão, é desenvolvida e implementada uma estratégia de adaptação automática de malhas, a qual é realizada simultaneamente e interativamente com a obtenção da solução. O estudo do comportamento da solução numérica é fundamentado em indicadores de erro, com o propósito de mapear as regiões onde certos fenômenos físicos do escoamento ocorrem com maior intensidade e de aplicar nestas regiões um esquema de adaptação de malhas. A adaptação é constituída por processos de refinamento/desrefinamento e por um processo de suavização laplaciana. Os procedimentos para a implementação dos modelos de viscosidade turbulenta e a estratégia de adaptação automática de malhas são incorporados ao código computacional de elementos finitos tridimensionais, o qual utiliza elementos tetraédricos lineares. Aplicações de escoamentos de fluidos viscosos, incompressíveis, isotérmicos e não isotérmicos em regime laminar e turbulento são simuladas e os resultados são apresentados e comparados com os obtidos numérica ou experimentalmente por outros autores.

Por uma moradia termicamente confortável: proposta de habitação de interesse social com ênfase no conforto térmico

This research covers the topic of social housing and its relation to thermal comfort, so applied to an architectural and urban intervention in land situated in central urban area of Macaíba/RN, Brazil. Reflecting on the role of design and use of alternative building materials in the search for better performance is one of its main goals. The hypothesis is that by changing design parameters and choice of materials, it is possible to achieve better thermal performance results. Thus, we performed computer simulations of thermal performance and natural ventilation using computational fluid dynamics or CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics). The presentation of the thermal simulation followed the methodology proposed in the dissertation Negreiros (2010), which aims to find the percentage of the amount of hours of comfort obtained throughout the year, while data analysis was made of natural ventilation from images generated by the images extracted from the CFD. From model building designed, was fitted an analytical framework that results in a comparison between three different proposals for dwellings housing model, which is evaluated the question of the thermal performance of buildings, and also deals with the spatial variables design, construction materials and costs. It is concluded that the final report confirmed the general hypotheses set at the start of the study, it was possible to quantify the results and identify the importance of design and construction materials are equivalent, and that, if combined, lead to gains in thermal performance potential.

Simulação computacional como ferramenta de auxílio ao projeto: aplicação em edifícios naturalmente ventilados no clima de Natal/RN

Natural air ventilation is the most import passive strategy to provide thermal comfort in hot and humid climates and a significant low energy strategy. However, the natural ventilated building requires more attention with the architectural design than a conventional building with air conditioning systems, and the results are less reliable. Therefore, this thesis focuses on softwares and methods to predict the natural ventilation performance from the point of view of the architect, with limited resource and knowledge of fluid mechanics. A typical prefabricated building was modelled due to its simplified geometry, low cost and occurrence at the local campus. Firstly, the study emphasized the use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software, to simulate the air flow outside and inside the building. A series of approaches were developed to make the simulations possible, compromising the results fidelity. Secondly, the results of CFD simulations were used as the input of an energy tool, to simulate the thermal performance under different rates of air renew. Thirdly, the results of temperature were assessed in terms of thermal comfort. Complementary simulations were carried out to detail the analyses. The results show the potentialities of these tools. However the discussions concerning the simplifications of the approaches, the limitations of the tools and the level of knowledge of the average architect are the major contribution of this study

Simulação computacional da interação fluido-estrutura em bombas de cavidades progressivas

The pumping through progressing cavities system has been more and more employed in the petroleum industry. This occurs because of its capacity of elevation of highly viscous oils or fluids with great concentration of sand or other solid particles. A Progressing Cavity Pump (PCP) consists, basically, of a rotor - a metallic device similar to an eccentric screw, and a stator - a steel tube internally covered by a double helix, which may be rigid or deformable/elastomeric. In general, it is submitted to a combination of well pressure with the pressure generated by the pumping process itself. In elastomeric PCPs, this combined effort compresses the stator and generates, or enlarges, the clearance existing between the rotor and the stator, thus reducing the closing effect between their cavities. Such opening of the sealing region produces what is known as fluid slip or slippage, reducing the efficiency of the PCP pumping system. Therefore, this research aims to develop a transient three-dimensional computational model that, based on single-lobe PCP kinematics, is able to simulate the fluid-structure interaction that occurs in the interior of metallic and elastomeric PCPs. The main goal is to evaluate the dynamic characteristics of PCP s efficiency based on detailed and instantaneous information of velocity, pressure and deformation fields in their interior. To reach these goals (development and use of the model), it was also necessary the development of a methodology for generation of dynamic, mobile and deformable, computational meshes representing fluid and structural regions of a PCP. This additional intermediary step has been characterized as the biggest challenge for the elaboration and running of the computational model due to the complex kinematic and critical geometry of this type of pump (different helix angles between rotor and stator as well as large length scale aspect ratios). The processes of dynamic generation of meshes and of simultaneous evaluation of the deformations suffered by the elastomer are fulfilled through subroutines written in Fortan 90 language that dynamically interact with the CFX/ANSYS fluid dynamic software. Since a structural elastic linear model is employed to evaluate elastomer deformations, it is not necessary to use any CAE package for structural analysis. However, an initial proposal for dynamic simulation using hyperelastic models through ANSYS software is also presented in this research. Validation of the results produced with the present methodology (mesh generation, flow simulation in metallic PCPs and simulation of fluid-structure interaction in elastomeric PCPs) is obtained through comparison with experimental results reported by the literature. It is expected that the development and application of such a computational model may provide better details of the dynamics of the flow within metallic and elastomeric PCPs, so that better control systems may be implemented in the artificial elevation area by PCP

Simulação do escoamento multifásico no interior de bombas de cavidades progressivas metálicas

The progressing cavity pumping (PCP) is one of the most applied oil lift methods nowadays in oil extraction due to its ability to pump heavy and high gas fraction flows. The computational modeling of PCPs appears as a tool to help experiments with the pump and therefore, obtain precisely the pump operational variables, contributing to pump s project and field operation otimization in the respectively situation. A computational model for multiphase flow inside a metallic stator PCP which consider the relative motion between rotor and stator was developed in the present work. In such model, the gas-liquid bubbly flow pattern was considered, which is a very common situation in practice. The Eulerian-Eulerian approach, considering the homogeneous and inhomogeneous models, was employed and gas was treated taking into account an ideal gas state. The effects of the different gas volume fractions in pump volumetric eficiency, pressure distribution, power, slippage flow rate and volumetric flow rate were analyzed. The results shown that the developed model is capable of reproducing pump dynamic behaviour under the multiphase flow conditions early performed in experimental works

Simulação numérica de escoamentos incompressíveis pelo método de elementos finitos com esquema de Separação Baseado na Característica (CBS)

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Mecânica - FEIS

Implementação e teste do método da fronteira imersa para a simulação do escoamento em torno de cilindros estacionários e rotativos

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Simulação de grandes escalas de escoamentos incompressíveis com transferência de calor e massa por um método de elementos finitos de subdomínio

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Análise numérica e experimental na determinação da potência térmica dissipada em componentes eletrônicos

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Mecânica - FEIS

Interação CFD-DEM em fluidização: aplicação para o setor mineral

A fluidização de partículas é amplamente utilizada na indústria, principalmente devido às altas taxas de transferência de calor e massa entre as fases. O acoplamento entre a Dinâmica dos Fluidos Computacional (CFD – Computational Fluid Dynamics) e o Método dos Elementos Discretos (DEM – Discrete Element Method) tem se tornado atrativo para a simulação de fluidização, já que nesse caso o movimento das partículas é analisado de forma mais direta do que em outros tipos de abordagens. O grande problema do acoplamento CFD-DEM é a alta exigência computacional para rastrear todas as partículas do sistema, o que leva ao uso de estratégias de redução do tempo de simulação que em caso de utilização incorreta podem comprometer os resultados. O presente trabalho trata da aplicação do acoplamento CFD-DEM na análise de fluidização de alumina, que é um problema importante para o setor mineral. Foram analisados diversos parâmetros capazes de influenciar os resultados e o tempo de simulação como os passos de tempo, os modelos de arrasto, a distribuição granulométrica das partículas, a constante de rigidez, a utilização de partículas representativas com tamanho maior que o das partículas reais, etc. O modelo de força de interação DEM utilizado foi o modelo de mola e amortecedor lineares (LSD – Linear Spring Dashpot). Todas as simulações foram realizadas com o software ANSYS FLUENT 14.5 e os resultados obtidos foram comparados com dados experimentais e da literatura. Tais resultados permitiram comprovar a capacidade do modelo linear LSD em predizer o comportamento global de leitos de alumina e reduzir o tempo de simulação, desde que os parâmetros do modelo sejam definidos de forma adequada.

Engine LES with fuel-spray modeling

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Mecânica - FEG

Two-degree-of-freedom vortex-induced vibration of circular cylinders with very low aspect ratio and small mass ratio

The investigation of vortex-induced vibration on very short cylinders with two degrees of freedom has drawn the attention of a large number of researchers. Some investigations on such a problem are carried out in order to have a better understanding of the physics involved in vortex-induced motions of floating bodies such as offshore platforms. In this paper, experiments were carried out in a recirculating water channel over the range of Reynolds number 6000des and frequencies of cylinders with two degrees of freedom, three different small mass ratios (m⁎=1.00; 2.62 and 4.36) and very low aspect ratios (0.3≤L/D≤2.0) were shown and the results were discussed in depth. Conversely to what would be expected for cylinders with very low aspect ratio, the results showed large motions in the transverse direction with maximum amplitudes around 1.5 diameters for cylinders with L/D=2.0, despite being smaller when the aspect ratio is reduced. Moreover, the response amplitudes presented high values around 0.4 diameters in the in-line direction. In fact, the large transverse motions were related to a strong coupling with the in-line responses, visibly identified in the plots of nondimensional frequency, as well as by the trajectories in the XY-plane, Lissajous figures, particularly in the case of m⁎=1.00 and L/D=2.0, when 8-shape trajectories were clearly observed. The case of m⁎=1.00 deserves more attention because of its smaller amplitude compared to the cases with the same aspect ratio and a larger mass ratio. This counter-intuitive behavior seems to be related to the energy transferring process from the steady stream to the oscillatory hydroelastic system. Finally, it is noteworthy that the characteristic of the “Strouhal-like” number decreases when the aspect ratio decreases, as also observed in previous works available in the literature, most of them for stationary cylinders.