759 resultados para Calabi-Yau manifold
Resumo:
Consider the Royden compactification R* of a Riemannian n-manifold R, Γ = R*\R its Royden boundary, Δ its harmonic boundary and the elliptic differential equation Δu = Pu, P ≥ 0 on R. A regular Borel measure mP can be constructed on Γ with support equal to the closure of ΔP = {q ϵ Δ : q has a neighborhood U in R* with UʃᴖRP ˂ ∞ }. Every enegy-finite solution to u (i.e. E(u) = D(u) + ʃRu2P ˂ ∞, where D(u) is the Dirichlet integral of u) can be represented by u(z) = ʃΓu(q)K(z,q)dmP(q) where K(z,q) is a continuous function on Rx Γ . A P~E-function is a nonnegative solution which is the infimum of a downward directed family of energy-finite solutions. A nonzero P~E-function is called P~E-minimal if it is a constant multiple of every nonzero P~E-function dominated by it. THEOREM. There exists a P~E-minimal function if and only if there exists a point in q ϵ Γ such that mP(q) > 0. THEOREM. For q ϵ ΔP , mP(q) > 0 if and only if m0(q) > 0 .
Resumo:
A key challenge in achieving good transient performance of highly boosted engines is the difficulty of accelerating the turbocharger from low air flow conditions (“turbo lag”). Multi-stage turbocharging, electric turbocharger assistance, electric compressors and hybrid powertrains are helpful in the mitigation of this deficit, but these technologies add significant cost and integration effort. Air-assist systems have the potential to be more cost-effective. Injecting compressed air into the intake manifold has received considerable attention, but the performance improvement offered by this concept is severely constrained by the compressor surge limit. The literature describes many schemes for generating the compressed gas, often involving significant mechanical complexity and/or cost. In this paper we demonstrate a novel exhaust assist system in which a reservoir is charged during braking. Experiments have been conducted using a 2.0 litre light-duty Diesel engine equipped with exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and variable geometry turbine (VGT) coupled to an AC transient dynamometer, which was controlled to mimic engine load during in-gear braking and acceleration. The experimental results confirm that the proposed system reduces the time to torque during the 3rd gear tip-in by around 60%. Such a significant improvement was possible due to the increased acceleration of turbocharger immediately after the tip-in. Injecting the compressed gas into the exhaust manifold circumvents the problem of compressor surge and is the key enabler of the superior performance of the proposed concept.