Phosphoprotein pathway mapping: Akt/Mammalian target of rapamycin activation is negatively associated with childhood rhabdomyosarcoma survival

Mapping of protein signaling networks within tumors can identify new targets for therapy and provide a means to stratify patients for individualized therapy. Despite advances in combination chemotherapy, the overall survival for childhood rhabdomyosarcoma remains ∼60%. A critical goal is to identify functionally important protein signaling defects associated with treatment failure for the 40% nonresponder cohort. Here, we show, by phosphoproteomic network analysis of microdissected tumor cells, that interlinked components of the Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway exhibited increased levels of phosphorylation for tumors of patients with short-term survival. Specimens (n = 59) were obtained from the Children's Oncology Group Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study (IRS) IV, D9502 and D9803, with 12-year follow-up. High phosphorylation levels were associated with poor overall and poor disease-free survival: Akt Ser473 (overall survival P < 0.001, recurrence-free survival P < 0.0009), 4EBP1 Thr37/46 (overall survival P < 0.0110, recurrence-free survival P < 0.0106), eIF4G Ser1108 (overall survival P < 0.0017, recurrence-free survival P < 0.0072), and p70S6 Thr389 (overall survival P < 0.0085, recurrence-free survival P < 0.0296). Moreover, the findings support an altered interrelationship between the insulin receptor substrate (IRS-1) and Akt/mTOR pathway proteins (P < 0.0027) for tumors from patients with poor survival. The functional significance of this pathway was tested using CCI-779 in a mouse xenograft model. CCI-779 suppressed phosphorylation of mTOR downstream proteins and greatly reduced the growth of two different rhabdomyosarcoma (RD embryonal P = 0.00008; Rh30 alveolar P = 0.0002) cell lines compared with controls. These results suggest that phosphoprotein mapping of the Akt/mTOR pathway should be studied further as a means to select patients to receive mTOR/IRS pathway inhibitors before administration of chemotherapy.

Creative occupations as knowledge practices : innovation and precarity in the creative economy

The ARC Centre of Excellence in Creative Industries and Innovation (herewith CCI) was established with two simple policy objectives. One was to assess anecdotal and boosterish claims about the growth rates of the creative industries, and hence, to measure the size of the creative industries contribution to gross domestic product (GDP). The other was to ascertain the contribution of the creative industries to employment. Preliminary research detailed in Cunningham and Higgs (2009) showed that the existing industrial classifications did not incorporate the terminology of the creative industries, nor did they disaggregate new categories of digital work such as video games. However, we discovered that occupational codes provide a much more fine-grained account of work that would enable us to disaggregate and track economic activity that corresponded to creative industries terminology. Thus was born one major centrepiece of CCI research – the tracking of national occupational codes in pursuit of measuring creative industries policy outcomes. This paper commences with some description of empirical work that investigates creative occupations; however, the real point is to suggest that this type of detailed, occupation-based empirical work has important theoretical potential that has not yet been fully expended (though see Cunningham 2013; Hearn and Bridgstock 2014; Bakhshi, Freeman and Higgs 2013; Hartley and Potts 2014).

The creative fulcrum : Where, how and why the creative workforce is growing

Contrary to the view that the creative workforce is shrinking, a decade of detailed research by the ARC Centre of Excellence for Creative Industries and Innovation (CCI) shows that the number of workers in creative occupations is growing strongly, and that these workers are spread right across the whole economy. Furthermore, these occupations can be thought of as a ‘creative fulcrum’ for innovations that leverage competitiveness in all sectors, and create positive job spirals that stimulate opportunities for many other occupation categories.

Universal crack closure integral for SIF estimation

Numerical analysis of cracked structures often involves numerical estimation of stress intensity factors (SIFs) at a crack tip/front. A newly developed formulation called universal crack closure integral (UCCI) for the evaluation of potential energy release rates (PERRs) and the corresponding SIFs is presented in this paper. Unlike the existing element dedicated forms of crack closure integrals (MCCI, VCCI) with application limited to finite element analysis, this new numerical SIF/PERR estimation technique is independent of the basic stress analysis procedure, making it universally applicable. The second merit of this procedure is that it avoids the generally error-producing zones close to the crack tip/front singularity. The UCCI procedure, based on Irwin's original CCI, is formulated and explored using a simple 2D problem of a straight crack in an infinite sheet. It is then applied to some three-dimensional crack geometries with the stresses and displacements obtained from a boundary element program.

Do Households Have Rational Expectations on Future Consumption? Evidence from the Finnish Consumer Survey

Ever since its initial introduction some fifty years ago, the rational expectations paradigm has dominated the way economic theory handles uncertainty. The main assertion made by John F. Muth (1961), seen by many as the father of the paradigm, is that expectations of rational economic agents should essentially be equal to the predictions of relevant economic theory, since rational agents should use information available to them in an optimal way. This assumption often has important consequences on the results and interpretations of the models where it is applied. Although the rational expectations assumption can be applied to virtually any economic theory, the focus in this thesis is on macroeconomic theories of consumption, especially the Rational Expectations–Permanent Income Hypothesis proposed by Robert E. Hall in 1978. The much-debated theory suggests that, assuming that agents have rational expectations on their future income, consumption decisions should follow a random walk, and the best forecast of future consumption level is the current consumption level. Then, changes in consumption are unforecastable. This thesis constructs an empirical test for the Rational Expectations–Permanent Income Hypothesis using Finnish Consumer Survey data as well as various Finnish macroeconomic data. The data sample covers the years 1995–2010. Consumer survey data may be interpreted to directly represent household expectations, which makes it an interesting tool for this particular test. The variable to be predicted is the growth of total household consumption expenditure. The main empirical result is that the Consumer Confidence Index (CCI), a balance figure computed from the most important consumer survey responses, does have statistically significant predictive power over the change in total consumption expenditure. The history of consumption expenditure growth itself, however, fails to predict its own future values. This indicates that the CCI contains some information that the history of consumption decisions does not, and that the consumption decisions are not optimal in the theoretical context. However, when conditioned on various macroeconomic variables, the CCI loses its predictive ability. This finding suggests that the index is merely a (partial) summary of macroeconomic information, and does not contain any significant private information on consumption intentions of households not directly deductible from the objective economic variables. In conclusion, the Rational Expectations–Permanent Income Hypothesis is strongly rejected by the empirical results in this thesis. This result is in accordance with most earlier studies conducted on the topic.

A general procedure for modified crack closure integral in 3D problems with cracks

In linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM), Irwin's crack closure integral (CCI) is one of the signficant concepts for the estimation of strain energy release rates (SERR) G, in individual as well as mixed-mode configurations. For effective utilization of this concept in conjunction with the finite element method (FEM), Rybicki and Kanninen [Engng Fracture Mech. 9, 931 938 (1977)] have proposed simple and direct estimations of the CCI in terms of nodal forces and displacements in the elements forming the crack tip from a single finite element analysis instead of the conventional two configuration analyses. These modified CCI (MCCI) expressions are basically element dependent. A systematic derivation of these expressions using element stress and displacement distributions is required. In the present work, a general procedure is given for the derivation of MCCI expressions in 3D problems with cracks. Further, a concept of sub-area integration is proposed which facilitates evaluation of SERR at a large number of points along the crack front without refining the finite element mesh. Numerical data are presented for two standard problems, a thick centre-cracked tension specimen and a semi-elliptical surface crack in a thick slab. Estimates for the stress intensity factor based on MCCI expressions corresponding to eight-noded brick elements are obtained and compared with available results in the literature.

Fiabilidad de diferentes pruebas que se utilizan para evaluar el riesgo de lesión del miembro inferior en mujeres deportistas

233 p. : il. + anexo (247 p.)

Remoção de contaminantes nitrogenados e sulfurados de cargas modelo de óeo diesel: estudo do adsorvente

A preocupação com o meio ambiente deve fazer parte da rotina de uma indústria de petróleo e derivados. A presença de compostos heterocíclicos em correntes de diesel motiva a sua remoção, pois além do aspecto ambiental, esses compostos podem interferir no desempenho de processos de hidrotratamento (HDT). A adsorção é uma das opções para minimizar esse problema. Nesse contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar o adsorvente comercial mais adequado através de um estudo cinético realizado em tanque agitado e suportado por alguns ensaios de equilíbrio. Foi dada ênfase preferencial à remoção de compostos nitrogenados, sendo avaliada a remoção de compostos sulfurados nos adsorventes mais promissores. Foram selecionados, como adsorventes comerciais, as argilas bentoníticas TCO 626G (Süd-Chemie) e F-24 (Engelhard), a -alumina CCI (Süd-Chemie), a sílica-alumina SIRAL 40 (Sasol) e a zeólita Y ultraestável USY (cedida pelo CENPES-Petrobras). Na composição do óleo diesel modelo encontra-se quinolina, carbazol e benzotiofeno, com n-hexadecano como diluente. A caracterização destes adsorventes incluiu análise química por fluorescência de raios X, análise estrutural por difração de raios X, análise textural por fisissorção de N2, análises de acidez por termodessorção de amônia (TPD de NH3) e por espectroscopia no infravermelho de piridina adsorvida. Os estudos cinéticos mostraram que a quinolina é adsorvida rapidamente, principalmente na zeolita USY, que apresentou a maior capacidade adsortiva. Observou-se que a ordem decrescente de melhor adsorvente seguiu a mesma ordem da quantidade de sítios ácidos encontrada por TPD-NH3. Nos estudos cinéticos com carbazol, a zeólita USY também foi o melhor adsorvente. Não houve acordo com relação a acidez, o que se esperava uma vez que se trata de um composto nitrogenado não básico. A presença de carbazol e quinolina na mesma solução, não alterou o desempenho da cinética de remoção de ambos, indicando que provavelmente não estão competindo pelos mesmos sítios de adsorção. Quando foi introduzido um composto sulfurado no sistema, a zeólita se manteve como o melhor adsorvente, a quinolina continuou sendo eficazmente removida, mas a remoção de carbazol sofreu alguma interferência que pode indicar a competição das moléculas pelo mesmo sítio. Nos estudos com carga real de óleo diesel, ao contrário do observado para as cargas modelo, a TCO 626G mostrou-se mais efetiva na remoção de compostos heterocíclicos que a USY. O modelo cinético proposto ajustou adequadamente as curvas e as isotermas de adsorção para quinolina e carbazol, relativas a USY e a TCO 626G, foram melhor ajustadas pelo modelo de Freundlich

Validade e confiabilidade do Questionário de Qualidade de Vida para Pacientes Orto-cirúrgicos (B-OQLQ)

O Orthognathic Quality of Life Questionnaire (OQLQ) foi desenvolvido em 2000 e validado em 2002, com o objetivo de analisar os impactos e benefícios do tratamento orto-cirúrgico na qualidade de vida dos pacientes. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a validade de construto e confiabilidade da versão brasileira deste instrumento, B-OQLQ, para verificar se, no processo de adaptação transcultural, as propriedades psicométricas do questionário original foram mantidas. Para tal, foi realizado um estudo seccional com uma amostra composta por cento e um pacientes com necessidade de tratamento ortodôntico-cirúrgico no Hospital Universitário Pedro Ernesto (HUPE) e na Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), utilizando o B-OQLQ na forma de autopreenchimento. A média de idade dos pacientes foi de 26,51 (dp= 9,25), sendo a maioria do sexo feminino (58,42%; n=59) e maior que 21 anos (n=68, 67,33%). Quanto ao tipo de cirurgia, 42,57% (n=43) da amostra necessitavam fazer procedimento cirúrgico que envolveria as duas bases ósseas, 16,83% (n=17) necessitavam operar apenas uma das bases ósseas e para 40,59% (n=41) dos pacientes ainda não era possível definir qual o tipo de cirurgia seria necessária. Uma ortodontista treinada examinou os dentes dos pacientes para registrar o Índice de Dentes Cariados, Perdidos e Obturados (CPOD). A validade de construto foi acessada através do teste de correlação de Spearman entre as pontuações do B-OQLQ e do questionário Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) e das pontuações do B-OQLQ com as pontuações obtidas através de indicadores subjetivos e objetivos de saúde. A confiabilidade foi acessada em termos de consistência interna e estabilidade (teste-reteste), utilizando-se o alfa de Cronbach e o Coeficiente de Correlação Intraclasse (CCI), respectivamente. Os escores do B-OQLQ se correlacionaram significativamente com: o escore total do OHIP-14 (rs=0,70, p<0,001), a saúde bucal percebida (rs=-0,24, p=0,02), a qualidade de vida medida por um item único de avaliação (rs=-0,29, p=0,03), a satisfação com a aparência física (rs=-0,40, p<0,001) e a satisfação com a aparência facial (rs=-0,39, p=0,0001). Foi encontrada uma associação entre a faixa etária e o escore total do B-OQLQ (p=0,0012), sendo que pacientes maiores de 21 anos obtiveram escores mais elevados que pacientes mais novos. A associação entre o escore total do B-OQLQ e o tipo de cirurgia não foi estatisticamente significativa. O alfa de Cronbach e o CCI foram 0,95 e 0,90, respectivamente. Os domínios do B-OQLQ que mais causaram impacto na qualidade de vida foram aspectos sociais da deformidade (13,0; dp= 10,54) e estética facial (11,81; dp= 6,23). A versão brasileira do questionário OQLQ se mostrou um instrumento válido e confiável, com boas propriedades psicométricas podendo, portanto, ser considerada um instrumento apropriado para acessar o impacto da deformidade dentofacial na qualidade de vida de pacientes portadores desta condição.

Avaliação da técnica de impedância bioelétrica na identificação das alterações da composição corporal em mulheres no período pós-parto

Este trabalho teve como objetivo verificar se a técnica de impedância bioelétrica (IB) identifica as modificações da composição corporal em mulheres no período pós-parto. Participaram do estudo 47 mulheres (≥ 18 anos), nas quais foram avaliadas massa livre de gordura (MLG), massa gorda (MG) e percentual de gordura corporal (%GC) pelos equipamentos IB_Tanita BC 533; IB_RJL 101 e por absorciometria de raio X de dupla energia (DXA). Todas as avaliações foram feitas no mesmo dia. Posteriormente, as mulheres foram categorizadas em dois grupos: com perda ponderal (n= 24) e com ganho ponderal (n= 22). Os valores médios das alterações da composição corporal (CC), foram comparados intra-métodos e em relação ao método padrão-ouro (DXA) através de teste T-pareado. A concordância entre as diferenças das alterações da CC obtidas pelas IB e DXA foi avaliada pelo método de Bland & Altman e pelo coeficiente de correlação intraclasse (CCI). A média  desvio padrão de idade foi de 26,7  5,2 anos e o tempo médio da captação no pós-parto para a primeira avaliação foi de 2,6  2,0 meses e 8,0  2,7 meses para a segunda avaliação. A média de massa corporal (MC) foi de 74,6  11,4 kg na primeira avaliação e 75,1  12,6 kg na segunda avaliação, correspondendo a um valor de índice de massa corporal (IMC) de 28,8  4,0 kg/m2 e 29,0  4,6 kg/m2, respectivamente. O %GC medido pela DXA foi de 40,1  4,9 % para a primeira avaliação e de 41,0  5,2 %, para a segunda avaliação, representando uma MG de 30,2  6,6 kg e de 30,9  8,0 kg, respectivamente. Ambas as IB subestimaram a alteração do % GC (-0,7 % para IB_Tanita e -1,1% para IB_RJL) e MG (-0,6 kg para IB_Tanita e -1,0 kg IB_RJL) em relação ao DXA. Por sua vez, as alterações de MLG foram superestimadas 0,8 kg pela IB_Tanita e 1,0 kg IB_RJL. Houve boa concordância (CCI ≥ 0,75) entre as alterações identificadas para MG pela IB_Tanita e por DXA e satisfatória pela IB_RJL. Dessa forma o presente estudo verificou um desempenho satisfatório da técnica de IB em identificar as alterações da MG gorda e que a IB_Tanita mostrou-se melhor que a IB_RJL na estimativa da alteração desse componente corporal nesse grupo de mulheres pós-parto.

Isolation of PSI from a siphonous marine green alga, Codium fragile

Three different forms of PS I complexes were isolated from a siphonous marine green alga, Codium fragile, by Triton X-100 sucrose gradient centrifugation. Zone III had a Chl a/b>20, and designated as PS I. core complex CC I because it created only CP I band in mild PAGE. Zone IV and V had absorption at 436 and 674 nm, 467 and 650 nm, and 540 nm, suggesting the presence of Chl a, Chl b, siphonaxanthin and siphonein, Chl a/b were 3.23 and 2.4, respectively. Both CP I and CP I a bands were observed when they were subjected to mild PAGE. Therefore, Zone IV and V were different forms of PS I complexes that consisted of CC I and different amount of light-harvesting complex LHC I. Zone III contained only 66 and 56 ku peptides in SDS-PAGE, while Zone IV and V had 4 different LHC I peptides of 25, 26, 26.2 and 27.5 ku in addition to 66, 56 ku peptides. Fluorescence emission spectra showed that efficient energy transfer were kept among pigments in isolated PS I complexes. Excitation energy absorbed by Chl b, siphonaxanthin and siphonein can be transferred to Chl a.

管藻目绿藻 PSI 和 PSII 结构特异性研究

测定了管藻目绿藻刺松藻和假根羽藻的叶状体、叶绿体及类囊体膜的吸收光谱和低温荧光光谱，并同软丝藻等5种非管藻目绿藻和菠菜进行了比较。证实绿藻普遍缺少作为高等植物 PSI 标志的 730nm 的低温长波荧光，其长波发射峰在 710 ～ 715nm 以及 695nm 荧光也不明显。采用和的 PAGE 法从刺松藻、假根羽藻、软丝藻和菠菜中分别得到 11 种、11 种、7 种和 9 种色素蛋白复合物，并测定了各复合物的分子量、Chl a/b、叶绿素的分布、多肽组成和结构关系，以及吸收光谱、低温荧光发射和激发光谱等各种光谱特性。刺松藻和假根羽藻的 CPIa_(1-2) 复合物的荧光发射主峰分别在 698、690 和 685nm，软丝藻 CPIa 在 715nm，菠菜 CPIa_(1-2) 分别在 729 和 722nm。两种管藻目绿藻的 LHCI 与 CII 的结合程度较菠菜和软丝藻更紧密，其 CPI 复合物中仍含有一定量的，710 ～ 715nm 荧光呈隐现状态。用二次 PAGE 法将刺松藻和假根羽藻的 CPIa 和 CIP 再分离，得到 PSI 的捕光复合 LHCI，为管藻黄素-Chl a/b-蛋白复合物， Chl a/b=1.2，含有 27.5、26.2、26 和 24.5kDa 四种多肽，77K 荧光峰在 682 ～ 683nm。LHCI 没有发射高等植物 730nm 荧光的相应组分是管藻目绿藻缺少 730nm 荧光的主要原因。核心复合物 CCI 含有 67 和 56kDa 两种多肽，与软丝藻和菠菜相似，但 3 种藻类核心复合物的 77K 荧光峰在 715nm，而菠菜在 720nm。刺松藻和假根羽藻有 LHCI 存在时，715nm 荧光峰不明显，随着 LHCI 的解离，荧光逐渐显现。刺松藻 PSI 中与 CCI 结合最紧密的是 LHCI 的 27.5 和 24.5kDa 多肽，两个 26 kDa 多肽的结合较为松散。用差速离心法对刺松藻、假根羽藻、软丝藻及菠菜的 PSI 颗粒进行了初步的分离。PSI 粗提物的 77K 长波荧光发射峰分别在 710、712、713 和 730nm，与 PAGE 法得到的结果相符。刺松藻和假根羽藻的 PSII 核心复合物 CPa 与菠菜相同，都含有两个 33kDa 核心多肽及 40 ～ 47 kDa 的内天线蛋白。从两种管藻目绿藻中首次分离到 6 种 LHCII 捕光复合物，其中 LHCP_(1-3)，四种都是管藻黄素- Chl a/b-蛋白复合物， Chl a/b=0.7 ～ 0.9。刺松藻和假根羽藻中含量最高、最稳定的捕光复合物是分子量最大的 LHCP_1 由 34.4、31.5、29.5、28.1 和 26.5kDa 多肽构成，其中 34.4 和 31.5kDa 多肽在菠菜和软丝藻中没有对应组分。LHCP_1 再分离结果表明，分子量较小的捕光复合物都是 LHCP_1 的组成部分，但分子量最小的 Fca_1 和 Fca_2 与其它复合物的关系尚不确定。31.5 和 29.5 kDa 多肽是 LHCP_1 的核心，34.4、28.1 和 26.5kDa 多肽位于外侧；整个 LHCP_1 以 28.1 和 26.5kDa 多肽与 CCII 紧密结合，构成 PSII。根据刺松藻和假根羽藻光系统结构及其特异性的研究结果，提出了一个管藻目绿藻 PSI 和 PSII 色素蛋白复合物结构关系模型，并与高等植物的模型做了比较。讨论了光合作用两个光系统结构和特性的进化过程，指出 730nm 低温荧光峰不能作为管藻目乃至非管藻目绿藻 PSI 的表征。管藻目绿藻同杂色藻类在这方面有相似性。

The ESA Climate Change Initiative: Satellite Data Records for Essential Climate Variables

Observations of Earth from space have been made for over 40 years and have contributed to advances in many aspects of climate science. However, attempts to exploit this wealth of data are often hampered by a lack of homogeneity and continuity and by insufficient understanding of the products and their uncertainties. There is, therefore, a need to reassess and reprocess satellite datasets to maximize their usefulness for climate science. The European Space Agency has responded to this need by establishing the Climate Change Initiative (CCI). The CCI will create new climate data records for (currently) 13 essential climate variables (ECVs) and make these open and easily accessible to all. Each ECV project works closely with users to produce time series from the available satellite observations relevant to users' needs. A climate modeling users' group provides a climate system perspective and a forum to bring the data and modeling communities together. This paper presents the CCI program. It outlines its benefit and presents approaches and challenges for each ECV project, covering clouds, aerosols, ozone, greenhouse gases, sea surface temperature, ocean color, sea level, sea ice, land cover, fire, glaciers, soil moisture, and ice sheets. It also discusses how the CCI approach may contribute to defining and shaping future developments in Earth observation for climate science.

Phytoplankton phenology indices in coral reef ecosystems: Application to ocean-color observations in the Red Sea

Phytoplankton, at the base of the marine food web, represent a fundamental food source in coral reef ecosystems. The timing (phenology) and magnitude of the phytoplankton biomass are major determinants of trophic interactions. The Red Sea is one of the warmest and most saline basins in the world, characterized by an arid tropical climate regulated by the monsoon. These extreme conditions are particularly challenging for marine life. Phytoplankton phenological indices provide objective and quantitative metrics to characterize phytoplank- ton seasonality. The indices i.e. timings of initiation, peak, termination and duration are estimated here using 15 years (1997–2012) of remote sensing ocean-color data from the European Space Agency (ESA) Climate Change Initiative project (OC-CCI) in the entire Red Sea basin. The OC-CCI product, comprising merged and bias-corrected observations from three independent ocean-color sensors (SeaWiFS, MODIS and MERIS), and processed using the POLYMER algorithm (MERIS period), shows a significant increase in chlorophyll data cover- age, especially in the southern Red Sea during the months of summer NW monsoon. In open and reef-bound coastal waters, the performance of OC-CCI chlorophyll data is shown to be comparable with the performance of other standard chlorophyll products for the global oceans. These features have permitted us to investigate phytoplankton phenology in the entire Red Sea basin, and during both winter SE monsoon and summer NW monsoon periods. The phenological indices are estimated in the four open water provinces of the basin, and further examined at six coral reef complexes of particular socio-economic importance in the Red Sea, including Siyal Islands, Sharm El Sheikh, Al Wajh bank, Thuwal reefs, Al Lith reefs and Farasan Islands. Most of the open and deeper waters of the basin show an apparent higher chlorophyll concentration and longer duration of phyto- plankton growth during the winter period (relative to the summer phytoplankton growth period). In contrast, most of the reef-bound coastal waters display equal or higher peak chlorophyll concentrations and equal or lon- ger duration of phytoplankton growth during the summer period (relative to the winter phytoplankton growth period). The ecological and biological significance of the phytoplankton seasonal characteristics are discussed in context of ecosystem state assessment, and particularly to support further understanding of the structure and functioning of coral reef ecosystems in the Red Sea.

Correlation Rotation Linear Precoding for MIMO Broadcast Communications

A simple linear precoding technique is proposed for multiple input multiple output (MIMO) broadcast systems using phase shift keying (PSK) modulation. The proposed technique is based on the fact that, on an instantaneous basis, the interference between spatial links in a MIMO system can be constructive and can contribute to the power of the useful signal to improve the performance of signal detection. In MIMO downlinks this co-channel interference (CCI) can be predicted and characterised prior to transmission. Contrary to common practice where knowledge of the interference is used to eliminate it, the main idea proposed here is to use this knowledge to influence the interference and benefit from it, thus gaining advantage from energy already existing in the communication system that is left unexploited otherwise. The proposed precoding aims at adaptively rotating, rather than zeroing, the correlation between the MIMO substreams depending on the transmitted data, so that the signal of interfering transmissions is aligned to the signal of interest at each receive antenna. By doing so, the CCI is always kept constructive and the received signal to interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) delivered to the mobile units (MUs) is enhanced without the need to invest additional signal power per transmitted symbol at the MIMO base station (BS). It is shown by means of theoretical analysis and simulations that the proposed MIMO precoding technique offers significant performance and throughput gains compared to its conventional counterparts.