Noninvasive functional optical spectroscopy of human breast tissue

Near infrared diffuse optical spectroscopy and diffuse optical imaging are promising methods that eventually may enhance or replace existing technologies for breast cancer screening and diagnosis. These techniques are based on highly sensitive, quantitative measurements of optical and functional contrast between healthy and diseased tissue. In this study, we examine whether changes in breast physiology caused by exogenous hormones, aging, and fluctuations during the menstrual cycle result in significant alterations in breast tissue optical contrast. A noninvasive quantitative diffuse optical spectroscopy technique, frequency-domain photon migration, was used. Measurements were performed on 14 volunteer subjects by using a hand-held probe. Intrinsic tissue absorption and reduced scattering parameters were calculated from frequency-domain photon migration data. Wavelength-dependent absorption (at 674, 803, 849, and 956 nm) was used to determine tissue concentration of oxyhemoglobin, deoxyhemoglobin, total hemoglobin, tissue hemoglobin oxygen saturation, and bulk water content. Results show significant and dramatic differences in optical properties between menopausal states. Average premenopausal intrinsic tissue absorption and reduced scattering values at each wavelength are 2.5- to 3-fold higher and 16–28% greater, respectively, than absorption and scattering for postmenopausal subjects. Absorption and scattering properties for women using hormone replacement therapy are intermediate between premenopausal and postmenopausal populations. Physiological properties show differences in mean total hemoglobin (7.0 μM, 11.8 μM, and 19.2 μM) and water concentration relative to pure water (10.9%, 15.3%, and 27.3%) for postmenopausal, hormone replacement therapy, and premenopausal subjects, respectively. Because of their unique, quantitative information content, diffuse optical methods may play an important role in breast diagnostics and improving our understanding of breast disease.

Notes of proceedings and cases determined in the high court of errors and appeals, the court of chancery, and the orphans court of the state of Delaware, 1792-1832

Contains summaries of cases heard by the Delaware Supreme Court and the Delaware Appeals Court in the counties of Sussex, Kent, and Newcastle covering a variety of legal topics. Supposedly based on Wilson's Red Book.

Records of the Society for the Promotion of Theological Education at Harvard University, 1788-1853 (inclusive), 1816-1853 (bulk)

Includes minutes and other records, 1816-1829, of the trustees of the Society and other correspondence relating to the founding of the Society; treasurer's reports, 1843-1844, of J.G. Palfrey; lists of beneficiaries, 1824- 1830; and subscription receipts, 1819-1823. Also records regarding subscriptions for a professorship, 1828, an extract from the will of J.D. Williams, and legal matters. For more detailed information about records, see Harvard Archives LOCATION below.

1999 University of Michigan Football Team

Physical beneficiation of low-grade uranium ores,

"July 30, 1958."

History of New England during the Stuart dynasty.

Forms v. 1-3 of his History of New England ... 5 v. 1858-90.

An essay on the materia medica : in which the theories of the late Dr. Cullen are considered : together with some opinions of Mr. Hunter, and other celebrated writers /

Mode of access: Internet.

Arte nueva de escribir inventada por ... Pedro Díaz Morante, e ilustrada ... por D. Francisco Xavier de Santiago Palomares ... de la Real Sociedad Bascongada de Amigos del País ; se publica a expensas de la referida Real Sociedad ...

Mode of access: Internet.

Traité de la maladie vénérienne /

Mode of access: Internet.

Florae graecae prodromus : sive Plantarum omnium enumeratio /

Contiene: Tomo I. Parte 1. - Tomo II. Parte 2.

Traité de la maladie vénérienne /

Mode of access: Internet.

Traité de la syphilis de Hunter /

Mode of access: Internet.

Digest of evidence taken before Her Majesty's Commissioners of inquiry into the state of the law and practice in respect to the occupation of land in Ireland ....

"Report" of the commissioners: p. [1103]-1172.

A Greek and English lexicon to the New Testament : in which the words and phrases occurring in those sacred books are distinctly explained ; and the meanings assigned to each authorized by references to passages of Scripture, and frequently illustrated and confirmed by citations from the Old Testament and from the Greek writers ; to this work is prefixed, A Plain and easy Greek grammar /

Mode of access: Internet.

A Hebrew and English lexicon without points: in which the Hebrew and Chaldee words of the Old Testament are explained in their leading and derived senses, ... . To this work are prefixed, a Hebrew and a Chaldee grammar, without points.

"A brief sketch of the life of the late Rev. John Parkhurst ...": p. [iii]-vi.