Programma nazionale Italiano per la raccolta di dati alieutici. Modulo H “Campionamento biologico delle catture” (CAMP-BIOL; Risorse demersali) GSA 16 (Stretto di Sicilia): rapporto finale

Nell’ambito del Programma Nazionale per la raccolta dati alieutici (PNDA), ai sensi dei regolamenti CE Reg. 1543/2000; Reg. CE 1639/2001; Reg. CE 1581/2004, il modulo H “Campionamento biologico delle catture” programma CAMPBIOL si propone di campionare pesci, molluschi e crostacei provenienti dagli sbarcati commerciali, al fine di conoscere come agisce l’impatto ed il prelievo dei diversi segmenti e dei diversi attrezzi della flotta sulla struttura di lunghezza e demografica delle principali risorse da pesca.

Programma Nazionale Italiano per la raccolta di dati alieutici. Modulo H “Campionamento biologico delle catture” (CAMP-BIOL; Risorse demersali) GSA 16 (Stretto di Sicilia): rapporto finale

Il campionamento biologico delle catture/sbarchi commerciali, modulo H, (Camp-Biol Risorse Demersali), nell’ambito del Programma Nazionale per la Raccolta Dati Alieutici (PNDA), ai sensi dei regolamenti ex Reg CE. 1543/2000; Reg. CE 1639/2001; Reg. CE 1581/2004, si propone di campionare pesci, molluschi e crostacei, provenienti dalle catture/sbarchi commerciali, al fine di conoscere il prelievo e l’impatto dei diversi segmenti e dei diversi sistemi di pesca della flotta sulle principali specie commerciali, in termini di struttura di lunghezza ed età delle risorse.

Programma Nazionale Italiano per l a raccolta di dati alieutici 2008. Modulo H “Campionamento biologico delle catture”(CAMP-BIOL risorse demersali e piccoli pelagici) GSA 16 (Stretto di Sicilia): relazione finale

Il campionamento biologico delle catture/sbarchi commerciali, modulo H, (Camp-Biol), nell’ambito del Programma Nazionale per la Raccolta Dati Alieutici (PNDA), ai sensi dei regolamenti ex Reg CE. 1543/2000; Reg. CE 1639/2001; Reg. CE 1581/2004, si propone di campionare pesci, molluschi e crostacei, provenienti dalle catture/sbarchi commerciali, al fine di conoscere il prelievo e l’impatto dei diversi segmenti e dei diversi sistemi di pesca della flotta sulle principali specie commerciali, in termini di struttura di lunghezza ed età delle risorse.

Programma Nazionale Italiano per la raccolta di dati alieutici 2008. Modulo H "Campionamento biologico delle catture” (CAMP-BIOL risorse demersali e piccoli pelagici) GSA 16 (Stretto di Sicilia): relazione finale

Il campionamento biologico delle catture/sbarchi commerciali, modulo H, (Camp-Biol), nell’ambito del Programma Nazionale per la Raccolta Dati Alieutici (PNDA), ai sensi dei regolamenti ex Reg CE. 1543/2000; Reg. CE 1639/2001; Reg. CE 1581/2004, si propone di campionare pesci, molluschi e crostacei, provenienti dalle catture/sbarchi commerciali, al fine di conoscere il prelievo e l’impatto dei diversi segmenti e dei diversi sistemi di pesca della flotta sulle principali specie commerciali, in termini di struttura di lunghezza ed età delle risorse.

Propuesta para la ense?anza-aprendizaje-evaluaci?n de la herencia biol?gica desde un enfoque constructivista

Una de las problem?ticas m?s tratados en relaci?n a la ense?anza de las ciencias, es la predominancia del modelo Transmisionista en aula de clases, el cual, no reconoce la existencia de concepciones previas en el estudiante y le otorga un rol pasivo, lo cual dificulta la adquisici?n de conocimientos, son precisamente estas dificultades las que sit?an la herencia biol?gica como una de las tem?ticas de la biolog?a que presenta mayor dificultad para ser comprendida por los estudiantes y para ser ense?ada por los profesores (Smith, M. y Kindfield, A. 1999), lo cual, se debe a dos aspectos fundamentales derivados de este modelo convencional de ense?anza: el primero est? relacionado con las innumerables concepciones previas que llevan los estudiantes al aula de clases, producto de creencias populares, la influencia de los medios de comunicaci?n y el contexto escolar, las cuales suelen no coincidir con las planteadas por la ciencia; y el segundo aspecto, relacionado con el predominio del modelo transmisionista en el proceso de ense?anza- aprendizaje- evaluaci?n de los conocimientos; aspectos que dificultan que el profesor reconozca las concepciones previas de los estudiantes y , por tanto, que proponga alternativas did?cticas y pedag?gicas que le permitan al estudiante trascender dichas concepciones. (I?iguez, J. 2013).Considerando lo anterior, esta investigaci?n pretende dise?ar, aplicar y evaluar una propuesta constructivista que constituya una alternativa frente al modelo convencional de e-a-e del concepto, y bajo esta perspectiva se plantea la siguiente pregunta de investigaci?n: ?C?mo desarrollar una propuesta de E-A-E de la herencia biol?gica basada en los principios del constructivismo, que constituya una alternativa frente al modelo convencional de ense?anza de este concepto?, de acuerdo, con la cual se plante? la siguiente hip?tesis de investigaci?n: mediante el desarrollo de una propuesta de E-A-E fundamentada en estrategias constructivistas en el aula de clases que a le permita a los estudiantes participar de su proceso de aprendizaje, se contribuye con el establecimiento de relaciones conceptuales sobre la herencia biol?gica, la aplicaci?n de los conocimientos adquiridos sobre la tem?tica en contextos diferentes y en el cambio gradual de las concepciones previas que presentan los estudiantes. Gener?ndose de esta manera una alternativa frente al modelo trasmisionista de ense?anza. Teniendo en cuenta, lo anterior se desarroll? las siguientes fases metodol?gicas: Fase 1: Planificaci?n de la propuesta de E-A-E, para el dise?o y desarrollo de la propuesta de E-A-E se reconocieron los aportes de S?nchez, G y Varcacel, M. (1993) para el dise?o de unidades did?cticas, en este sentido, se realiz?: (i) un an?lisis cient?fico disciplinar de la herencia biol?gica que contribuya para la selecci?n y secuenciaci?n de los contenidos (ii) an?lisis did?cticos de la tem?tica, que permita reconocer los condicionamientos del proceso de E-A-E en relaci?n a los estudiantes, (iii) seleccionar los objetivos que direccionaran el dise?o y desarrollo de la propuesta y por ?ltimo, (iv) la selecci?n de estrategias de ense?anza y dise?o de actividades. Considerando lo anterior, se realiz? la secuencia de actividades de la herencia biol?gica, que consisti? en el desarrollo de 10 actividades de E-A-E de corte constructivista, las cuales se desarrollan en relaci?n al uso de una situaci?n problema ?la ingenier?a gen?tica y el ma?z de la guanipera?, y la implementaci?n de una hipermedia educativa como recurso did?ctico. Fase 2: Aplicaci?n de la propuesta de E-A-E de herencia biol?gica, esta fase corresponde a la ejecuci?n de la propuesta de E-A-E de la herencia biol?gica en una muestra de 20 estudiantes de grado 9 de la instituci?n HCM por un periodo de 8 semanas; periodo durante el cual se recolecto informaci?n en relaci?n a los aprendizajes de los estudiantes y la incidencia de la propuesta en el aula de clases. Fase 3: Evaluaci?n de los resultados obtenidos. Esta fase se llev? a cabo, considerando, los aprendizajes de los estudiantes y el cumplimiento de los objetivos propuestos en relaci?n al desarrollo de la UD en el aula, a partir de lo cual, se encontr? que existi? un cambio en las concepciones previas que presentaban los estudiantes al inicio del proceso hacia unas m?s cercanas a las cient?ficas, tras la aplicaci?n de estrategias fundamentadas en los principios del constructivismo, y que la propuesta de E-A-E adem?s de posibilitar el cambio en las concepciones previas de los estudiantes tambi?n facilito el establecimiento de relaciones conceptuales y la aplicaci?n de los conocimientos adquiridos en otros contextos. Fase 4: Conclusiones y recomendaciones finales. Se logr? evidenciar c?mo las concepciones de los estudiantes se modificaron gradualmente de manera significativa a partir de la aplicaci?n de estrategias fundamentadas en el constructivismo que motivaron y permitieron al estudiante hacer parte de su proceso de aprendizaje, lo cual, a su vez permiti? brindar algunas recomendaciones acerca de la pertinencia de aspectos tales los procesos de discusi?n y retroalimentaci?n estudiante- estudiante y docente- estudiantes en el aula de clases, los cuales, posibilitan el intercambio y contraste de ideas, relacionar conceptos y llevar a contextos diferentes los conocimientos adquiridos; y la relevancia de la hipermedia educativa como un recurso did?ctico que potenciar los aprendizajes.

La planificaci?n en el aula para la ense?anza de la transmisi?n de la herencia biol?gica

El presente estudio, tiene como prop?sito presentar el desarrollo de una planificaci?n en el aula para la ense?anza de la herencia biol?gica en la educaci?n b?sica secundaria. Dicho estudio, presenta una metodolog?a de car?cter cualitativo, con un enfoque exploratorio - descriptivo, siguiendo los supuestos constructivistas, y se desarroll? en tres fases: diagn?stico, dise?o y validaci?n del modelo gu?a de planificaci?n y construcci?n y aplicaci?n de orientaciones para la ense?anza de la herencia biol?gica. Los resultados obtenidos permitieron concluir la necesidad e importancia que tiene el dise?ar planificaciones de ense?anza en el aula, en donde se acorten las distancias entre las propuestas curriculares y la realidad de las aulas, articulando la teor?a did?ctica y el quehacer docente, adem?s de enriquecer el desarrollo profesional docente.

Influencia de la edad biol?gica en algunos ?ndices antropom?tricos y motores en ni?as de 12-13 a?os de edad del Colegio Alem?n de la ciudad de Cali

A medida que pasan los a?os las necesidades en el ?mbito educativo y deportivo van creciendo, ya sea con respecto a la hora de planificar una clase o una sesi?n de entrenamiento y m?s cuando se trata de mujeres, puesto que el cuidado debe ser m?s riguroso. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la influencia de la edad biol?gica en algunos ?ndices antropom?tricos y motores en ni?as entre 12 y 13 a?os de edad del Colegio Alem?n de la ciudad de Cali. El estudio realizado es de tipo descriptivo, de corte transversal y de car?cter comparativo. Para lograr este objetivo se realiz? una encuesta para determinar la edad biol?gica a trav?s de la llegada de la menarquia, luego se procedi? a dividir en 2 grupos; a las ni?as con menarquia y ni?as sin menarquia. Se evaluaron 25 ni?as de 12 y 13 a?os, estudiantes del Colegio Alem?n de la ciudad de Cali. Se midieron variables informativas del desarrollo f?sico, como masa corporal, estatura; de desarrollo motor: resistencia, velocidad, fuerza miembro superior e inferior. En conclusi?n, en este estudio se observ? diferencias significativas (a un grado de significancia de p<0,05) en las pruebas de salto largo sin impulso y lanzamiento de bal?n medicinal. De igual forma se puede decir que hubo una influencia parcial de la edad biol?gica frente a algunos ?ndices antropom?tricos y motores, ya que solo se observ? diferencia en el componente de fuerza, esto quiz?s se debe a factores hormonales o a la pr?ctica deportiva.

Silk Fibroin And Sodium Alginate Blend: Miscibility And Physical Characteristics.

Films of silk fibroin (SF) and sodium alginate (SA) blends were prepared by solution casting technique. The miscibility of SF and SA in those blends was evaluated and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that SF/SA 25/75 wt.% blends underwent microscopic phase separation, resulting in globular structures composed mainly of SF. X-ray diffraction indicated the amorphous nature of these blends, even after a treatment with ethanol that turned them insoluble in water. Thermal analyses of blends showed the peaks of degradation of pristine SF and SA shifted to intermediate temperatures. Water vapor permeability, swelling capacity and tensile strength of SF films could be enhanced by blending with SA. Cell viability remained between 90 and 100%, as indicated by in vitro cytotoxicity test. The SF/SA blend with self-assembled SF globules can be used to modulate structural and mechanical properties of the final material and may be used in designing high performance wound dressing.

Graphene And Carbon Nanotube Nanocomposite For Gene Transfection.

Graphene and carbon nanotube nanocomposite (GCN) was synthesised and applied in gene transfection of pIRES plasmid conjugated with green fluorescent protein (GFP) in NIH-3T3 and NG97 cell lines. The tips of the multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were exfoliated by oxygen plasma etching, which is also known to attach oxygen content groups on the MWCNT surfaces, changing their hydrophobicity. The nanocomposite was characterised by high resolution scanning electron microscopy; energy-dispersive X-ray, Fourier transform infrared and Raman spectroscopies, as well as zeta potential and particle size analyses using dynamic light scattering. BET adsorption isotherms showed the GCN to have an effective surface area of 38.5m(2)/g. The GCN and pIRES plasmid conjugated with the GFP gene, forming π-stacking when dispersed in water by magnetic stirring, resulting in a helical wrap. The measured zeta potential confirmed that the plasmid was connected to the nanocomposite. The NIH-3T3 and NG97 cell lines could phagocytize this wrap. The gene transfection was characterised by fluorescent protein produced in the cells and pictured by fluorescent microscopy. Before application, we studied GCN cell viability in NIH-3T3 and NG97 line cells using both MTT and Neutral Red uptake assays. Our results suggest that GCN has moderate stability behaviour as colloid solution and has great potential as a gene carrier agent in non-viral based therapy, with low cytotoxicity and good transfection efficiency.

Carbon Nanoparticles For Gene Transfection In Eukaryotic Cell Lines.

For the first time, oxygen terminated cellulose carbon nanoparticles (CCN) was synthesised and applied in gene transfection of pIRES plasmid. The CCN was prepared from catalytic of polyaniline by chemical vapour deposition techniques. This plasmid contains one gene that encodes the green fluorescent protein (GFP) in eukaryotic cells, making them fluorescent. This new nanomaterial and pIRES plasmid formed π-stacking when dispersed in water by magnetic stirring. The frequencies shift in zeta potential confirmed the plasmid strongly connects to the nanomaterial. In vitro tests found that this conjugation was phagocytised by NG97, NIH-3T3 and A549 cell lines making them fluorescent, which was visualised by fluorescent microscopy. Before the transfection test, we studied CCN in cell viability. Both MTT and Neutral Red uptake tests were carried out using NG97, NIH-3T3 and A549 cell lines. Further, we use metabolomics to verify if small amounts of nanomaterial would be enough to cause some cellular damage in NG97 cells. We showed two mechanisms of action by CCN-DNA complex, producing an exogenous protein by the transfected cell and metabolomic changes that contributed by better understanding of glioblastoma, being the major finding of this work. Our results suggested that this nanomaterial has great potential as a gene carrier agent in non-viral based therapy, with low cytotoxicity, good transfection efficiency, and low cell damage in small amounts of nanomaterials in metabolomic tests.

Desquamation Is A Novel Phenomenon For Collective Prostate Epithelial Cell Deletion After Castration.

The mechanism underlying castration-induced prostate regression, which is a classical physiological concept translated into the therapeutic treatment of advanced prostate cancer, involves epithelial cell apoptosis. In searching for events and mechanisms contributing to prostate regression in response to androgen modulation, we have frequently observed the collective deletion of epithelial cells. This work was undertaken to characterize this phenomenon hereafter named desquamation and to verify its presence after 17β-estradiol (E2) administration. Electron microscopy revealed that the desquamating cells had preserved cell-cell junctions and collapsed nuclear contents. The TUNEL reaction was negative for these cells, which were also negative for cleaved caspases-8, -9, -3 and nuclear apoptosis-inducing factor. Detailed analyses revealed that the condensed chromatin was first affected detaching from the nuclear lamina, which was observable after lamin A immunohistochemistry, suggesting the lack of lamin A degradation. A search in animals treated with supraphysiological E2 employed as an alternative anti-androgen treatment revealed no desquamation. The combined treatment (Cas + E2 group) caused changes particular to each treatment, including desquamation. In conclusion, desquamation appeared as a novel phenomenon contributing to collective prostate epithelial cell deletion, distinct from the classical castration-induced apoptosis and particular to the androgen deprivation resulting from surgical castration, and should be considered as part of the mechanisms promoting organ regression.

Overexpression Of Ucp1 In Tobacco Induces Mitochondrial Biogenesis And Amplifies A Broad Stress Response.

Uncoupling protein one (UCP1) is a mitochondrial inner membrane protein capable of uncoupling the electrochemical gradient from adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP) synthesis, dissipating energy as heat. UCP1 plays a central role in nonshivering thermogenesis in the brown adipose tissue (BAT) of hibernating animals and small rodents. A UCP1 ortholog also occurs in plants, and aside from its role in uncoupling respiration from ATP synthesis, thereby wasting energy, it plays a beneficial role in the plant response to several abiotic stresses, possibly by decreasing the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and regulating cellular redox homeostasis. However, the molecular mechanisms by which UCP1 is associated with stress tolerance remain unknown. Here, we report that the overexpression of UCP1 increases mitochondrial biogenesis, increases the uncoupled respiration of isolated mitochondria, and decreases cellular ATP concentration. We observed that the overexpression of UCP1 alters mitochondrial bioenergetics and modulates mitochondrial-nuclear communication, inducing the upregulation of hundreds of nuclear- and mitochondrial-encoded mitochondrial proteins. Electron microscopy analysis showed that these metabolic changes were associated with alterations in mitochondrial number, area and morphology. Surprisingly, UCP1 overexpression also induces the upregulation of hundreds of stress-responsive genes, including some involved in the antioxidant defense system, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST). As a consequence of the increased UCP1 activity and increased expression of oxidative stress-responsive genes, the UCP1-overexpressing plants showed reduced ROS accumulation. These beneficial metabolic effects may be responsible for the better performance of UCP1-overexpressing lines in low pH, high salt, high osmolarity, low temperature, and oxidative stress conditions. Overexpression of UCP1 in the mitochondrial inner membrane induced increased uncoupling respiration, decreased ROS accumulation under abiotic stresses, and diminished cellular ATP content. These events may have triggered the expression of mitochondrial and stress-responsive genes in a coordinated manner. Because these metabolic alterations did not impair plant growth and development, UCP1 overexpression can potentially be used to create crops better adapted to abiotic stress conditions.

On The Distinct Molecular Architectures Of Dipping- And Spray-lbl Films Containing Lipid Vesicles.

The introduction of spraying procedures to fabricate layer-by-layer (LbL) films has brought new possibilities for the control of molecular architectures and for making the LbL technique compliant with industrial processes. In this study we show that significantly distinct architectures are produced for dipping and spray-LbL films of the same components, which included DODAB/DPPG vesicles. The films differed notably in their thickness and stratified nature. The electrical response of the two types of films to aqueous solutions containing erythrosin was also different. With multidimensional projections we showed that the impedance for the DODAB/DPPG spray-LbL film is more sensitive to changes in concentration, being therefore more promising as sensing units. Furthermore, with surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) we could ascribe the high sensitivity of the LbL films to adsorption of erythrosin.

Transmission Of Intra-cellular Genetic Information: A System Proposal.

One of the great challenges of the scientific community on theories of genetic information, genetic communication and genetic coding is to determine a mathematical structure related to DNA sequences. In this paper we propose a model of an intra-cellular transmission system of genetic information similar to a model of a power and bandwidth efficient digital communication system in order to identify a mathematical structure in DNA sequences where such sequences are biologically relevant. The model of a transmission system of genetic information is concerned with the identification, reproduction and mathematical classification of the nucleotide sequence of single stranded DNA by the genetic encoder. Hence, a genetic encoder is devised where labelings and cyclic codes are established. The establishment of the algebraic structure of the corresponding codes alphabets, mappings, labelings, primitive polynomials (p(x)) and code generator polynomials (g(x)) are quite important in characterizing error-correcting codes subclasses of G-linear codes. These latter codes are useful for the identification, reproduction and mathematical classification of DNA sequences. The characterization of this model may contribute to the development of a methodology that can be applied in mutational analysis and polymorphisms, production of new drugs and genetic improvement, among other things, resulting in the reduction of time and laboratory costs.

Yellowing And Bleaching Of Grey Hair Caused By Photo And Thermal Degradation.

Yellowing is an undesirable phenomenon that is common in people with white and grey hair. Because white hair has no melanin, the pigment responsible for hair colour, the effects of photodegradation are more visible in this type of hair. The origin of yellowing and its relation to photodegradation processes are not properly established, and many questions remain open in this field. In this work, the photodegradation of grey hair was investigated as a function of the wavelength of incident radiation, and its ultrastructure was determined, always comparing the results obtained for the white and black fibres present in grey hair with the results of white wool. The results presented herein indicate that the photobehaviour of grey hair irradiated with a mercury lamp or with solar radiation is dependent on the wavelength range of the incident radiation and on the initial shade of yellow in the sample. Two types of grey hair were used: (1) blended grey hair (more yellow) and (2) grey hair from a single-donor (less yellow). After exposure to a full-spectrum mercury lamp for 200 h, the blended white hair turned less yellow (the yellow-blue difference, Db(*) becomes negative, Db(*)=-6), whereas the white hair from the single-donor turned slightly yellower (Db(*)=2). In contrast, VIS+IR irradiation resulted in bleaching in both types of hair, whereas a thermal treatment (at 81 °C) caused yellowing of both types of hair, resulting in a Db(*)=3 for blended white hair and Db(*)=9 for single-donor hair. The identity of the yellow chromophores was investigated by UV-Vis spectroscopy. The results obtained with this technique were contradictory, however, and it was not possible to obtain a simple correlation between the sample shade of yellow and the absorption spectra. In addition, the results are discussed in terms of the morphology differences between the pigmented and non-pigmented parts of grey hair, the yellowing and bleaching effects of grey hair, and the occurrence of dark-follow reactions.