Avaliação oxidativa do biodiesel de pinhão manso em diferentes processos de purificação

The objective of this study was to analyze the oxidative stability of biodiesel from jatropha obtained from different purification processes, three wet processes with different drying (in a vacuum oven, conventional oven and in anhydrous sodium sulfate) and dry (purification with magnesium silicate adsorbent). Raw materials of different qualities (jatropha crop ancient and recent crop) were used. The Jatropha oil was extracted by mechanical extraction and refined. The Jatropha biodiesel was obtained by the transesterification reaction in ethyl route using alkaline catalysis. The biodiesel samples were characterized by analysis of water content, carbon residue, Absorption Spectroscopy in the Infrared Region and Thermogravimetry. Thermogravimetric curves of purified PUsv* PUsq* and had higher initial decomposition temperatures, indicating that the most stable, followed by samples PU* and PUSC*. Besides the sample SP* is a smaller initial temperature, confirming the sample without purification to be less thermally stable. The percentage mass loss of the purified samples showed conversion of about 98.5%. The results of analyzes carbon residue and infrared suggested that contamination by impurities is the main factor for decreased oxidative stability of biodiesel. The oxidative stability was assessed from periodic monitoring, using the techniques of Rancimat, peroxide index, acid value and Pressurized Differential Scanning Calorimetry. Samples of biodiesel from jatropha which showed better oxidative stability were of the best quality raw material and wet scrubbing: PUsq* with dry chemical, using anhydrous sodium sulfate and PUsv* with vacuum drying, which had oxidative stability 6 hours in Rancimat time 0 days, within the limits established by the Technical Regulation No. 4/2012 of the ANP, without the addition of antioxidant, suggesting that these procedures the least influence on the oxidative stability of biodiesel

Caracterização de resíduo sólido formado em biodiesel de sebo bovino

Biodiesel production has increased over the last decade because of the benefits associated with this fuel, including renewability, domestic feedstock, lower toxicity, and biodegradability. From 2008, the use of beef tallow as a feedstock for biodiesel production in Brazil has increased in significance, representing the second largest source of biodiesel, after soybeans. However, the performance of biodiesel in cold weather conditions is worse than diesel because of deposition of insoluble at low temperatures, accelerating the plugging of fuel filters and injectors of the vehicle engine. Studies have been conducted on beef tallow biodiesel, mostly related to the properties of thermal and oxidative stability. However, few studies have described the nature of the precipitate formed and its influence on product quality. Research suggests that the cause of deposition is related to the nature of saturated esters and monoacylglycerols as inducing agents. This study monitored the levels of mono-, diand triacylglycerols, the oxidation stability and the cold filter plugging point (CFPP) in beef tallow biodiesel samples from two commercial producers in Brazil for a period of twelve months. Filtered precipitates were analyzed by comparative techniques of GCFID, HPLC-UV/VIS, HPLC-MS-IT-TOF and TG to verify the nature, using monopalmitin and monostearin as reference standards. The formation of precipitate reduced the levels of monoacylglycerols in the beef tallow biodiesel. GC-FID and LCMS- IT-TOF results confirmed the nature of the deposit as saturated monoacylglycerols, predominantly monostearin and monopalmitin as the second major component. Moreover the TG analysis of the residue indicated similar thermal decomposition of the reference standards. The precipitate did not affect the oxidation stability of beef tallow biodiesel and the CFPP characteristic of blends up B60. However, the presence of iron reduced significantly the oxidation stability of biodiesel

Caracterização de resíduo sólido formado em biodiesel de sebo bovino

Biodiesel production has increased over the last decade because of the benefits associated with this fuel, including renewability, domestic feedstock, lower toxicity, and biodegradability. From 2008, the use of beef tallow as a feedstock for biodiesel production in Brazil has increased in significance, representing the second largest source of biodiesel, after soybeans. However, the performance of biodiesel in cold weather conditions is worse than diesel because of deposition of insoluble at low temperatures, accelerating the plugging of fuel filters and injectors of the vehicle engine. Studies have been conducted on beef tallow biodiesel, mostly related to the properties of thermal and oxidative stability. However, few studies have described the nature of the precipitate formed and its influence on product quality. Research suggests that the cause of deposition is related to the nature of saturated esters and monoacylglycerols as inducing agents. This study monitored the levels of mono-, diand triacylglycerols, the oxidation stability and the cold filter plugging point (CFPP) in beef tallow biodiesel samples from two commercial producers in Brazil for a period of twelve months. Filtered precipitates were analyzed by comparative techniques of GCFID, HPLC-UV/VIS, HPLC-MS-IT-TOF and TG to verify the nature, using monopalmitin and monostearin as reference standards. The formation of precipitate reduced the levels of monoacylglycerols in the beef tallow biodiesel. GC-FID and LCMS- IT-TOF results confirmed the nature of the deposit as saturated monoacylglycerols, predominantly monostearin and monopalmitin as the second major component. Moreover the TG analysis of the residue indicated similar thermal decomposition of the reference standards. The precipitate did not affect the oxidation stability of beef tallow biodiesel and the CFPP characteristic of blends up B60. However, the presence of iron reduced significantly the oxidation stability of biodiesel

Usos potenciais de moringa oleifera lam., uma matriz para produção de biodiesel e tratamento de água no semiárido nordestino

The current environmental crisis demands transformations in the relations among society, nature and development, considering sustainability. In this context, an important theme is replacing fossil fuels with biofuels, such as biodiesel. Moringa oleifera Lam. is a species that can be used as a raw material to produce biodiesel. Besides, it is a multiple purposes plant, which can be used also in water treatment. Thus, the aims of this work were to analyze the anatomical adaptations found in the stem and in the leaf and the seed s oil stores of M. oleifera., to investigate chemical characteristics of M. oleifera s seed oil, considering biodiesel production, and to evaluate the coagulation activity of these seeds in water treatment. Semipermanent histological laminas were made and it follows that the stem has thick cuticle, stomata whose cells guard are below the epidermis line, hollow medulla, druses and tector trichomes as adaptations to climate and soil conditions in which the species is found and the leaf is dorsiventral and it has thick cuticle, tector trichomes and druses. The seed has great reserves of oil. These features favor the use of Moringa oleifera Lam. as a raw material to produce biodiesel in Brazil s Northeast semiarid region. Chemical analysis were made through oil solvent extraction using mechanic stirrer. The oil was analyzed in UV spectrophotometer. A transesterification was made and biodiesel was analyzed in gas chromatography. Oil yield was high and good quality biodiesel was obtained. To evaluate seeds coagulantion activity, coagulation and flocculation essays in jartest were made, using seed extract to treat raw water. Seeds were efficient in cogulation process to treat water. So, they can be used in rudimentary systems or as a raw material to coagulant proteins extraction, as an alternative to traditional coagulants. M. oleifera has characteristics that favor its use to biodiesel production and water treatment

An overview of biodiesel soil pollution: Data based on cytotoxicity and genotoxicity assessments

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Genotoxicity assessment of water soluble fractions of biodiesel and its diesel blends using the Salmonella assay and the in vitro MicroFlow (R) kit (Litron) assay

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Determination of free glycerol in biodiesel at a platinum oxide surface using potential cycling technique

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Physiological quality and enzymatic activity of crambe seeds after the accelerated aging test

O crambe é uma cultura promissora para produção de biodiesel, principalmente pelo alto conteúdo de óleo de suas sementes. No entanto, não há metodologias estabelecidas para avaliar a qualidade fisiológica das sementes desta espécie e lotes não podem ser comparados, especialmente por testes de vigor, como o de envelhecimento acelerado. O objetivo da presente pesquisa foi avaliar o efeito da alta temperatura e do período de exposição durante o teste de envelhecimento acelerado na qualidade fisiológica e atividade enzimática de sementes de crambe. Dois lotes de sementes de crambe, cultivar Brilhante, foram analisados por meio dos testes de teor de água, massa de 1.000 sementes, germinação, primeira contagem, condutividade elétrica, atividade enzimática (peroxidase e superóxido dismutase) e comprimento de plântulas. As avaliações foram conduzidas antes e após o envelhecimento acelerado, que foram testadas diferentes temperaturas (38, 40 e 42ºC) e períodos de exposição (24, 48 e 72h). O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias foram comparadas pelo teste de Tukey (p < 0.05). O teste de Dunnet (p < 0.05) foi utilizado para comparar os valores da testemunha (antes do envelhecimento acelerado) com cada valor médio individualmente. O teste de correlação linear simples também foi aplicado. Conclui-se que a interação temperatura x período de exposição afeta a qualidade fisiológica das sementes e a atividade enzimática e que as melhores condições durante o teste de envelhecimento acelerado são dependentes do genótipo.

Heterogeneous catalysis afford biodiesel of babassu, castor oil and blends

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Análise energética do processo experimental de produção de biodiesel a partir de óleo de frango

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Energia na Agricultura) - FCA

Efeito do sistema de secagem de crambe (Crambe abyssinica Hochst) na qualidade dos grãos e do óleo para produção de biodiesel

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Energia na Agricultura) - FCA

Isolamento de fungos produtores de lipases catalisadores de reações de transesterificação para produção de biodiesel

Pós-graduação em Microbiologia - IBILCE

Avaliação ecotoxicológica da biodegradação utilizando inóculo enriquecido com Bacillus subtilis em solo contaminado com petróleo, diesel e biodiesel

Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Microbiologia Aplicada) - IBRC

Avaliação de desempenho de fibras lignocelulósicas na sorção de óleos diesel e biodiesel

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Estudo das variáveis operacionais dos processos de separação na produção de biodiesel, a partir do óleo de palma bruto (Elaeis guineensis, Jacq) em escala de laboratório

Neste trabalho investigaram-se de forma sistemática as variáveis operacionais de processo envolvidas nas operações de separação aplicadas no pré-tratamento do óleo de palma bruto (Elaeis guineensis, jacq) e na purificação do biodiesel produzido via transesterificação etanólica utilizando NaOH como catalisador, em escala de laboratório. Na etapa de pré-tratamento foram investigados os processos de Filtração e Decantação, sendo a filtração do produto da neutralização realizada a 40ºC, 50ºC e 60ºC, enquanto que na Decantação, avaliaram-se as temperaturas de 40ºC e 60ºC em 120 minutos. Em seguida, investigou-se a influência do tempo de decantação de 60, 90 e 120 minutos no processo de lavagem do óleo neutralizado a 40ºC e 60ºC, seguida de Desidratação sob vácuo a 80ºC, tendo sido investigado nesta etapa a influência da pressão. Após a reação de transesterificação, avaliou-se o processo de Evaporação do etanol em excesso, onde em um primeiro momento investigou-se as temperaturas de 70 e 80ºC, mantendo-se o tempo de evaporação constante em 20 minutos, no intervalo de 613,30 a 80,00 mbar, e em um segundo momento analisou-se as pressões de operação de 480,00 e 346,66 mbar. Em seguida, investigou-se a influência do tempo no processo de decantação da fase rica em glicerol a 70ºC, para tempos de 60, 120 e 180 minutos. Sendo realizada a lavagem da fase rica em ésteres a 70ºC, para os tempos de 60, 90 e 120 minutos de decantação da água residual. Avaliou-se ainda a eficiência do processo de centrifugação da mistura biodiesel e glicerol a 60 e 70ºC a 2000 rpm, para um tempo de 15 minutos. Em seguida, procedeu-se a lavagem da fase rica em ésteres com água a 60 e 70ºC, sendo a separação realizada via centrifugação a 60 e 70ºC. As fases ricas em ésteres, obtidas via decantação e centrifugação, foram submetidas à Desidratação sob vácuo, e caracterizadas em conformidade com as especificações da ANP. De acordo com os resultados experimentais, com base na qualidade do óleo neutro e rendimento do processo, observou-se que a Filtração a 50ºC gerou os melhores resultados para o pré-tratamento do óleo. Em relação à Evaporação do etanol, o melhor percentual de recuperação foi obtido a 80ºC e 346,6 mbar. Com relação à separação da fase ricas em ésteres e glicerol, o processo de Centrifugação a 60ºC gerou um biodiesel de melhor qualidade e maior rendimento. Observou-se ainda, a necessidade de uma segunda etapa de centrifugação de forma a minimizar a perdas de biodiesel na fase rica em glicerol.