L'Écho sioniste : organe d'informations sionistes / administrateurs : Léon Paperin et Abraham Rokéach

1904/10/15 (A5,N10).

L'Écho sioniste : organe d'informations sionistes / administrateurs : Léon Paperin et Abraham Rokéach

1904/07/15 (A5,N7).

L'Écho sioniste : organe d'informations sionistes / administrateurs : Léon Paperin et Abraham Rokéach

1905/01/15 (N1,A6)-1905/09/15 (N9,A6).

L'Écho sioniste : organe d'informations sionistes / administrateurs : Léon Paperin et Abraham Rokéach

1912/02/10 (A7,N2).

L'Écho sioniste : organe d'informations sionistes / administrateurs : Léon Paperin et Abraham Rokéach

1902/01/15 (A3,N1)-1902/12/15 (A3,N12).

L'Écho sioniste : organe d'informations sionistes / administrateurs : Léon Paperin et Abraham Rokéach

1904/04/15 (A5,N4).

L'Écho sioniste : organe d'informations sionistes / administrateurs : Léon Paperin et Abraham Rokéach

1904/05/15 (A5,N5).

L'Écho sioniste : organe d'informations sionistes / administrateurs : Léon Paperin et Abraham Rokéach

1912/07/10 (A7,N7).

L'Écho sioniste : organe d'informations sionistes / administrateurs : Léon Paperin et Abraham Rokéach

1904/02/15 (A5,N2).

Interpretation of quasimolecular L X-rays in heavy-ion collisions

Using a relativistic selfconsistent correlation diagram a first interpretation of the shape and position of L MO X-rays is given within a quasi-adiabatic model.

Effects of desiccation on seed germination, cracking, fungal infection and survival in storage of Sterculia foetida L

Seeds of Sterculia foetida were tested for germination following desiccation and subsequent hermetic storage. Whereas seeds at 10.3% moisture content were intact and provided 98% germination, further desiccation reduced germination substantially. The majority of seed coats had cracked after desiccation to 5.1% moisture content. Ability to germinate was not reduced after 12 months' hermetic storage at 10.3% and 7.3% moisture content at 15 degrees C or -18 degrees C, but was reduced considerably at 5.1%. Fungal infection was detected consistently for cracked seeds in germination tests and they did not germinate. However, almost all embryos extracted from cracked seeds germinated if first disinfected with sodium hypochlorite (1%, 5 minutes). In addition. 80 -100% of disinfected extracted embryos from cracked seeds stored hermetically for 28 d at -18 degrees C or -82 degrees C with 3.3% to 6.0% moisture content, and excised embryos stored in this way, were able to germinate. Hence. failure of the very dry seeds of Sterculia foetida to germinate was not due to embryo death from desiccation but to cracking increasing susceptibility to fungal infection upon rehydration. Cracking was associated negatively and strongly with relative humidity and appears to be a mechanical consequence of substantial differences between the isotherms of whole seeds compared with cotyledons and axes.

Factors influencing the germination of myrtle (Lagerstroemia speciosa (L.) Pers. and L-floribunda Jack) seeds

Gibberellic acid and potassium nitrate did not promote the germination of myrtle seeds when tested at 20/30degreesC (16/8h). Germination was promoted considerably by alternating temperatures. The results of an investigation on a two-dimensional temperature gradient plate showed that myrtle seeds germinated most rapidly (within 14 days) and fully (all viable seeds) at 35/22.5degreesC (16/8 h) and similar regimes. Tests on five seed lots of Lagerstroemia speciosa and L. floribunda showed the efficacy of the alternating temperature regime of 35/20degreesC (16/8 h) in promoting germination. Thus we recommend myrtle seeds be tested for germination in this regime for 28 days.

Drying method influences the development of germinability, dessication tolerance and subsequent longevity of immature seeds of sumauma (Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn. [Bombacaceae])

The ability to germinate, tolerate desiccation and survive in air-dry storage was investigated during early seed development in planta and subsequent ex planta maturation of sumauma (Ceiba pentandra). Immature fruits were collected on three different dates (i.e. from about 5 days before until 7 days after mass maturity). Immature fresh seeds were not able to germinate. Fruits or seeds were subjected immediately after each collection to three different drying treatments with progressively slower rates of dessication: (i) seeds were extracted from the fruits and dried immediately; (ii) fruits were dried in a thin layer; (iii) fruits were dried in a tied polyethylene bag (with 10 holes of 1cm diameter). Drying was in a room maintained at 25 degrees C +/- 3 degrees C and 65%+/- 5% r.h. For treatment (i) the seeds were dried for 6 days in order to reduce moisture content to around 13% ( +/- 2%) moisture content. For treatments (ii) and (iii) the fruits were subjected to different periods of drying depending upon collection date. The results of these post-collection treatments showed generally that the more immature the seeds the slower the rate of drying that is required to improve ability to germinate, ability to tolerate desiccation and potential longevity, but at the third harvest, 7 days after mass maturity, the intermediate drying rate treatment was the most beneficial. Thus post fruit collection treatments can be modified depending upon the stage of seed development in order to provide good to high quality seeds of sumauma when collection has to be made at a site with difficult access at less than ideal times. The results are relevant to seed collection practices for both forestry and ex situ plant biodiversity conservation.

Seed development, maturation and storage behaviour of Mimusops elengi L

Mass maturity (end of the seed-filling phase) occurred at about 72 days after flowering (DAF) in developing seeds of Mimusops elengi, at which time seed moisture content had declined to about 55%. The onset of ability to germinate was detected at 56 DAF and seeds showed 98% germination by 84 DAF. Tolerance of desiccation to 10% moisture content was first detected at 70 DAF and was maximal by 84 DAF. Delaying collection by a further 14 days to 98 DAF, when fruits began to be shed, reduced seed viability, particularly for seeds first dried to 10% moisture content. Hence the best time for seed collection appears to be about 14 days before fruits shed. In a separate investigation with six different seed lots, desiccation below about 8-12% moisture content reduced viability (considerably in some lots). The viability of dry seeds (below about 10% moisture content) stored hermetically was reduced at cool temperatures (5 degrees C and below), and none survived storage at sub-zero temperatures. The results suggest that Mimusops elengi shows intermediate seed storage behaviour and that the optimal hermetic seed storage environment is about 10% moisture content at 10 degrees C, while short-term, moist, aerated storage at high (40%) moisture content is also feasible.