Queuing strategies for qos management of traffic between lans interconnected by low-speed wan links

We provide a comparative performance evaluation of packet queuing and link admission strategies for low-speed wide area network Links (e.g. 9600 bps, 64 kbps) that interconnect relatively highspeed, connectionless local area networks (e.g. 10 Mbps). In particular, we are concerned with the problem of providing differential quality of service to interLAN remote terminal and file transfer sessions, and throughput fairness between interLAN file transfer sessions. We use analytical and simulation models to study a variety of strategies. Our work also serves to address the performance comparison of connectionless vs. connection-oriented interconnection of CLNS LANS. When provision of priority at the physical transmission level is not feasible, we show, for low-speed WAN links (e.g. 9600 bps), the superiority of connection-oriented interconnection of connectionless LANs, with segregation of traffic streams with different QoS requirements into different window flow controlled connections. Such an implementation can easily be obtained by transporting IP packets over an X.25 WAN. For 64 kbps WAN links, there is a drop in file transfer throughputs, owing to connection overheads, but the other advantages are retained, The same solution also helps to provide throughput fairness between interLAN file transfer sessions. We also provide a corroboration of some of our modelling results with results from an experimental test-bed.

Glycidyl azide polymer crosslinked through triazoles by click chemistry: curing, mechanical and thermal properties

Glycidyl azide polymer (GAP) was cured through click chemistry by reaction of the azide group with bispropargyl succinate (BPS) through a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction to form 1,2,3-triazole network. The properties of GAP-based triazole networks are compared with the urethane cured GAP-systems. The glass transition temperature (T-g), tensile strength, and modulus of the system increased with crosslink density, controlled by the azide to propargyl ratio. The triazole incorporation has a higher T-g in comparison to the GAP-urethane system (T-g-20 degrees C) and the networks exhibit biphasic transitions at 61 and 88 degrees C. The triazole curing was studied using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and the related kinetic parameters were helpful for predicting the cure profile at a given temperature. Density functional theory (DFT)-based theoretical calculations implied marginal preference for 1,5-addition over 1,4-addition for the cycloaddition between azide and propargyl group. Thermogravimetic analysis (TG) showed better thermal stability for the GAP-triazole and the mechanism of decomposition was elucidated using pyrolysis GC-MS studies. The higher heat of exothermic decomposition of triazole adduct (418kJmol(-1)) against that of azide (317kJmol(-1)) and better mechanical properties of the GAP-triazole renders it a better propellant binder than the GAP-urethane system.

Low-complexity near-optimal signal detection in underdetermined large-MIMO systems

In this paper, we consider signal detection in nt × nr underdetermined MIMO (UD-MIMO) systems, where i) nt >; nr with a overload factor α = nt over nr >; 1, ii) nt symbols are transmitted per channel use through spatial multiplexing, and iii) nt, nr are large (in the range of tens). A low-complexity detection algorithm based on reactive tabu search is considered. A variable threshold based stopping criterion is proposed which offers near-optimal performance in large UD-MIMO systems at low complexities. A lower bound on the maximum likelihood (ML) bit error performance of large UD-MIMO systems is also obtained for comparison. The proposed algorithm is shown to achieve BER performance close to the ML lower bound within 0.6 dB at an uncoded BER of 10-2 in 16 × 8 V-BLAST UD-MIMO system with 4-QAM (32 bps/Hz). Similar near-ML performance results are shown for 32 × 16, 32 × 24 V-BLAST UD-MIMO with 4-QAM/16-QAM as well. A performance and complexity comparison between the proposed algorithm and the λ-generalized sphere decoder (λ-GSD) algorithm for UD-MIMO shows that the proposed algorithm achieves almost the same performance of λ-GSD but at a significantly lesser complexity.

Logarithmic corrections to extremal black hole entropy in N=2, 4 and 8 supergravity

We compute the logarithmic correction to black hole entropy about exponentially suppressed saddle points of the Quantum Entropy Function corresponding to Z(N) orbifolds of the near horizon geometry of the extremal black hole under study. By carefully accounting for zero mode contributions we show that the logarithmic contributions for quarter-BPS black holes in N = 4 supergravity and one-eighth BPS black holes in N = 8 supergravity perfectly match with the prediction from the microstate counting. We also find that the logarithmic contribution for half-BPS black holes in N = 2 supergravity depends non-trivially on the Z(N) orbifold. Our analysis draws heavily on the results we had previously obtained for heat kernel coefficients on Z(N) orbifolds of spheres and hyperboloids in arXiv:1311.6286 and we also propose a generalization of the Plancherel formula to Z(N) orbifolds of hyperboloids to an expression involving the Harish-Chandra character of sl (2, R), a result which is of possible mathematical interest.

Heat kernels on the AdS(2) cone and logarithmic corrections to extremal black hole entropy

We develop new techniques to efficiently evaluate heat kernel coefficients for the Laplacian in the short-time expansion on spheres and hyperboloids with conical singularities. We then apply these techniques to explicitly compute the logarithmic contribution to black hole entropy from an N = 4 vector multiplet about a Z(N) orbifold of the near-horizon geometry of quarter-BPS black holes in N = 4 supergravity. We find that this vanishes, matching perfectly with the prediction from the microstate counting. We also discuss possible generalisations of our heat kernel results to higher-spin fields over ZN orbifolds of higher-dimensional spheres and hyperboloids.

Infiltration of Matrix-Non-producers Weakens the Salmonella Biofilm and Impairs Its Antimicrobial Tolerance and Pathogenicity

Bacterial biofilms display a collective lifestyle, wherein the cells secrete extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) that helps in adhesion, aggregation, stability, and to protect the bacteria from antimicrobials. We asked whether the BPS could act as a public good for the biofilm and observed that infiltration of cells that do not produce matrix components weakened the biofilm of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. PS production was costly for the producing cells, as indicated by a significant reduction in the fitness of wild type (WT) cells during competitive planktonic growth relative to the non-producers. Infiltration frequency of non-producers in the biofilm showed a concomitant decrease in overall productivity. It was apparent in the confocal images that the non producing cells benefit from the BPS produced by the Wild Type (WT) to stay in the biofilm. The biofilm containing non-producing cells were more significantly susceptible to sodium hypochlorite and ciprofloxacin treatment than the WT biofilm. Biofilm infiltrated with non-producers delayed the pathogenesis, as tested in a murine model. The cell types were spatially assorted, with non producers being edged out in the biofilm. However, cellulose was found to act as a barrier to keep the non-producers away from the WT microcolony. Our results show that the infiltration of non-cooperating cell types can substantially weaken the biofilm making it vulnerable to antibacterials and delay their pathogenesis. Cellulose, a component of BPS, was shown to play a pivotal role of acting as the main public good, and to edge-out the non-producers away from the cooperating microcolony.

Relative mirror symmetry and ramifications of a formula for Gromov-Witten invariants

For a toric Del Pezzo surface S, a new instance of mirror symmetry, said relative, is introduced and developed. On the A-model, this relative mirror symmetry conjecture concerns genus 0 relative Gromov-Witten of maximal tangency of S. These correspond, on the B-model, to relative periods of the mirror to S. Furthermore, for S not necessarily toric, two conjectures for BPS state counts are related. It is proven that the integrality of BPS state counts of the total space of the canonical bundle on S implies the integrality for the relative BPS state counts of S. Finally, a prediction of homological mirror symmetry for the open complement is explored. The B-model prediction is calculated in all cases and matches the known A-model computation for the projective plane.

Branes and supersymmetric quantum field theories

Since the discovery of D-branes as non-perturbative, dynamic objects in string theory, various configurations of branes in type IIA/B string theory and M-theory have been considered to study their low-energy dynamics described by supersymmetric quantum field theories.

One example of such a construction is based on the description of Seiberg-Witten curves of four-dimensional N = 2 supersymmetric gauge theories as branes in type IIA string theory and M-theory. This enables us to study the gauge theories in strongly-coupled regimes. Spectral networks are another tool for utilizing branes to study non-perturbative regimes of two- and four-dimensional supersymmetric theories. Using spectral networks of a Seiberg-Witten theory we can find its BPS spectrum, which is protected from quantum corrections by supersymmetry, and also the BPS spectrum of a related two-dimensional N = (2,2) theory whose (twisted) superpotential is determined by the Seiberg-Witten curve. When we don’t know the perturbative description of such a theory, its spectrum obtained via spectral networks is a useful piece of information. In this thesis we illustrate these ideas with examples of the use of Seiberg-Witten curves and spectral networks to understand various two- and four-dimensional supersymmetric theories.

First, we examine how the geometry of a Seiberg-Witten curve serves as a useful tool for identifying various limits of the parameters of the Seiberg-Witten theory, including Argyres-Seiberg duality and Argyres-Douglas fixed points. Next, we consider the low-energy limit of a two-dimensional N = (2, 2) supersymmetric theory from an M-theory brane configuration whose (twisted) superpotential is determined by the geometry of the branes. We show that, when the two-dimensional theory flows to its infra-red fixed point, particular cases realize Kazama-Suzuki coset models. We also study the BPS spectrum of an Argyres-Douglas type superconformal field theory on the Coulomb branch by using its spectral networks. We provide strong evidence of the equivalence of superconformal field theories from different string-theoretic constructions by comparing their BPS spectra.

Topological strings, double affine Hecke algebras, and exceptional knot homology

In this thesis, we consider two main subjects: refined, composite invariants and exceptional knot homologies of torus knots. The main technical tools are double affine Hecke algebras ("DAHA") and various insights from topological string theory.

In particular, we define and study the composite DAHA-superpolynomials of torus knots, which depend on pairs of Young diagrams and generalize the composite HOMFLY-PT polynomials from the full HOMFLY-PT skein of the annulus. We also describe a rich structure of differentials that act on homological knot invariants for exceptional groups. These follow from the physics of BPS states and the adjacencies/spectra of singularities associated with Landau-Ginzburg potentials. At the end, we construct two DAHA-hyperpolynomials which are closely related to the Deligne-Gross exceptional series of root systems.

In addition to these main themes, we also provide new results connecting DAHA-Jones polynomials to quantum torus knot invariants for Cartan types A and D, as well as the first appearance of quantum E6 knot invariants in the literature.

Análise parcial dos custos do protocolo assistencial da Casa de Parto David Capistrano Filho/Município do Rio de Janeiro: contribuição da enfermagem obstétrica

Trata-se de um estudo de Avaliação Econômica Parcial cujo objeto é os custos diretos do protocolo assistencial da Casa de Parto David Capistrano Filho/RJ. O objetivo geral é realizar analise dos custos diretos assistenciais destinados ao ciclo gravídico puerperal na Casa de Parto David Capistrano Filho (CPDCF), situada no município do Rio de Janeiro. Os objetivos específicos deste estudo são: estimar o tipo e a quantidade dos recursos consumidos na execução do cuidado ao ciclo gravídico puerperal de acordo com o protocolo assistencial da CPDCF; analisar os custos diretos relacionados ao protocolo assistencial da CPDCF; comparar os custos avaliados no período da pesquisa ao orçamento municipal destinado a assistência das gestantes de baixo risco no mesmo período. O método utilizado foi a Avaliação de Economia em Saúde, a perspectiva adotada foi o Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) como órgão gestor, foram avaliados os prontuário das gestantes que realizaram o pré-natal na CPDCF no ano de 2010, excluindo destes as que não pariram na unidade, computando um total de 161 prontuários. Na análise foi realizada a descrição dos custos diretos envolvidos na assistência ao ciclo gravídico puerperal, para isso, foram relacionados e contados os recursos utilizados, definidos como unidades de custo, para a assistência na CPDCF durante o pré-natal, trabalho de parto/parto e pós-parto, e posteriormente esses recursos foram valorados de acordo com as tabelas do Sistema de Gerência da Tabela de Procedimentos (SIGTAP), Medicamentos, Próteses e Materiais Especiais do Sistema Único de Saúde/Ministério da Saúde do Banco de Preços em Saúde (BPS) e da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde Defesa Civil/Rio de Janeiro (SMSDC/RJ). Os resultados apontaram que o custo do pré-natal por gestante foi de R$ 271,91, com prevalência de custos para os exames realizados no pré-natal. Em relação ao trabalho de parto e parto, os custos foram de R$ 352,50 por gestante, neste item os maiores custos foram com os recursos humanos. A pesquisa demonstrou que a CPDCF apresentou menor valor que o orçamento municipal destinado para o parto de acordo com a tabela do SIGTAP (R$ 443,40 a R$ 475,16). Apesar desses dados, e de acordo com o relato das diretoras, a CPDCF é ociosa, e esta influência pode ser negativa para os custos do parto. Em relação ao pós-parto foi avaliado o custo por binômio com uma média de custo de R$ 269,94, os maiores custos de pós-parto foram com os recursos humanos. O custo geral da assistência na CPDCF foi de R$ 894,36 por gestante, desse valor, 39,42% correspondeu aos custos com o parto, 30,40% correspondeu ao custo com o pré-natal e 30,18% com a assistência pós-natal. Para afirmar a eficiência e eficácia das ações na CPDCF, é preciso a realização de uma avaliação de economia em saúde completa; o trabalho de parto/parto foram os que mais representaram os custos; o custo do parto é menor que o valor orçado para o parto de baixo risco, mas medidas de ação sobre a ociosidade são necessárias, pois esta pode influenciar nos custos do parto.

A relação entre indústria farmacêutica e a assistência farmacêutica no âmbito do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS): a compra estadual e municipal de medicamentos no Rio de Janeiro

Esta dissertação tem como objeto o estudo da relação estabelecida entre a indústria farmacêutica e a assistência farmacêutica no âmbito do SUS. O objetivo é avaliar como estão sendo feitas as compras de medicamentos para os programas de assistência farmacêutica básica para hipertensão, diabetes e asma e rinite. A captura de dados foi realizada nas Secretarias de Saúde do estado e do município do Rio de Janeiro. Realizou-se comparação dos preços unitários dos medicamentos adquiridos no estado, no município do Rio de Janeiro e no Banco de Preços em Saúde (BPS), no período de janeiro de 2000 a dezembro de 2006. Em alguns momentos foram utilizados dados da Revista ABCFARMA, sobre preços unitários do mercado varejista. A pesquisa tornou possível registrar que o Estado do Rio de Janeiro compra medicamentos a um preço unitário mais alto do que aqueles praticados pela prefeitura e pelo Banco de Preços em Saúde. A hipótese apresentada é que o preço unitário mais alto se deve às inúmeras compras emergenciais realizadas, que estimulam os fornecedores a compensar o risco com preços maiores. Como a maioria dos fornecedores é distribuidora de medicamentos, elas estariam onerando os preços unitários, pois tiveram problemas no passado com o cumprimento da dívida pelo estado. Segundo autoridades estaduais da Secretaria de Estado de Saúde, esta situação indesejável está sendo superada através de uma nova forma de aquisição de medicamentos. A prefeitura do Rio de Janeiro, por outro lado, tem realizado as compras de medicamentos por licitações na modalidade concorrência. Esta forma possibilitou a aquisição de medicamentos a preços inferiores aos outros entes pesquisados. A maioria dos fornecedores da prefeitura é a própria indústria de medicamentos, o que, em princípio, torna o preço mais baixo. Conclui-se, então: que o Estado do Rio de Janeiro passou por crises de desabastecimento ou abastecimento irregular dos programa de assistência farmacêutica básica, o que contribuiu para a elevação dos preços praticados; e que a prefeitura do Rio de Janeiro tem conseguido comprar medicamentos em condições mais favoráveis que o governo de estado.

Efeitos do treinamento resistido em ratos alimentados com dieta hiperlipídica

O consumo excessivo de gorduras tem sido implicado na gênese da obesidade e de diversas comorbidades relacionadas a esta doença. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o efeito do treinamento resistido em ratos alimentados com dieta hiperlipídica nas seguintes variáveis: composição corporal, adiposidade, área de adipócitos, expressão do fator de crescimento do endotélio vascular (VEGF) e dos receptores ativados por proliferadores de peroxissomo tipo gama (PPAR-γ) no tecido adiposo retroperitoneal, níveis pressóricos e atividade da metaloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) no ventrículo esquerdo. Foram avaliados 32 ratos machos Wistar divididos em quatro grupos experimentais (n=8/cada) de acordo com o tipo de dieta e o treinamento: sedentário (SED; dieta padrão), sedentário obeso [SED-OB; dieta hiperlipídica (30% de gordura)], treinamento resistido (TR; dieta padrão) e treinamento resistido obeso (TR-OB; dieta hiperlipídica). Após o desmame (dia 21), os animais foram submetidos à dieta experimental durante 24 semanas. Doze semanas após início da dieta, os grupos TR e TR-OB iniciaram o período de 12 semanas de treinamento resistido. Este era composto por escaladas em uma escada vertical de 1.1 metros com pesos atados a cauda num total de três sessões de treinamento por semana (Segundas, Quartas e Sextas-feiras) com 4 a 9 escaladas/sessão e 8 a 12 movimentos dinâmicos a cada subida. O treinamento resistido induziu reduções significativas na massa corporal, na massa gorda, no percentual de gordura, na área de adipócitos e nos níveis pressóricos e ainda promoveu aumento de massa magra e na expressão de VEGF e PPAR-γ em ambos os grupos treinados. Além disso, foi observada uma maior atividade da MMP-2 no ventrículo esquerdo nos grupos treinados (TR e TR-OB). Nossos achados demonstram que o treinamento resistido foi capaz de promover mudanças positivas na composição corporal, na atividade da MMP-2 no ventrículo esquerdo, nos níveis pressóricos e em mediadores enzimáticos do tecido adiposo retroperitoneal sugerindo que esta modalidade de exercício pode ser uma ferramenta útil para prevenir as alterações induzidos pelo consumo de uma dieta hiperlipídica.

40 Gb/s carrierless amplitude and phase modulation for low-cost optical datacommunication links

4 bps/Hz 40 Gb/s carrierless amplitude and phase (CAP) modulation is investigated for next-generation datacommunication links. The 40 Gb/s link achieves double the length of a conventional NRZ scheme, despite using a low-bandwidth source. © 2011 Optical Society of America.

Fertile-free fuels in pressurized water reactors: Design challenges and solutions

This paper investigates the basic feasibility of using reactor-grade Pu in fertile-free fuel (FFF) matrix in pressurized water reactors (PWRs). Several important issues were investigated in this work: the Pu loading required to achieve a specific interrefueling interval, the impact of inert matrix composition on reactivity constrained length of cycle, and the potential of utilizing burnable poisons (BPs) to alleviate degradation of the reactivity control mechanism and temperature coefficients. Although the subject was addressed in the past, no systematic approach for assessment of BP utilization in FFF cores was published. In this work, we examine all commercially available BP materials in all geometrical arrangements currently used by the nuclear industry with regards to their potential to alleviate the problems associated with the use of FFF in PWRs. The recently proposed MgO-ZrO2 solid-state solution fuel matrix, which appears to be very promising in terms of thermal properties and radiation damage resistance, was used as a reference matrix material in this work. The neutronic impact of the relative amounts of MgO and ZrO2 in the matrix were also studied. The analysis was performed with a neutron transport and fuel assembly burnup code BOXER. A modified linear reactivity model was applied to the two-dimensional single fuel assembly results to approximate the full core characteristics. Based on the results of the performed analyses, the Pu-loaded FFF core demonstrated potential feasibility to be used in existing PWRs. Major FFF core design problems may be significantly mitigated through the correct choice of BP design. It was found that a combination of BP materials and geometries may be required to meet all FFF design goals. The use of enriched (in most effective isotope) BPs, such as 167Er and 157Gd, may further improve the BP effectiveness and reduce the fuel cycle length penalty associated with their use.

Population differentiation of Procypris rabaudi (Tchang) in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River revealed by mitochondrial DNA and RAPD markers

Procypris rabaudi (Tchang) is a cyprinid fish endermic to middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River. Besides in main stream and large tributaries, there exists an early matured, small-sized ecological type in a small tributary, Tang River. In this study, mitochondrial DNA cytochrome h (cyt b) gene sequence analysis and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis were performed to investigate the differentiation of the Tang River population from the Mudong reach population of the Yangtze River, with the purpose of conservation and exploitation of this fish. In the 1140 bps of cyt b gene sequence surveyed, 20 sites were found polymorphic, which defined 23 haplotypes. Among them, four haplotypes accounted for 54.4% of all individuals, while population-specific haplotypes occurred in low frequencies. Analysis of molecular variation on cyt b data revealed no significant partition existing between Tang River population and Mudong reach population. Analyses of 132 RAPD loci suggested that genetic variation between populations was significant, though values of different F-ST were not very high. The results revealed low genetic diversity and the beginning of population differentiation, suggesting that Tang River population should be designated as a separate Management Unit.