Origen social e inteligencia : estudio comparativo entre dos grupos de alumnos madrileños de nivel Preescolar.

Analizar las posibles relaciones existentes entre el origen socioeconómico de los alumnos y su desarrollo intelectual. Verificar las posibles diferencias existentes entre las medias de las dos muestras en el aspecto verbal de la inteligencia. Realizar un estudio similar relativo a la inteligencia manipulativa. A) 25 preescolares seleccionados aleatoriamente entre los alumnos de tres colegios de nivel socioeconómico alto de Madrid capital. B) 27 niños seleccionados de igual modo, entre los alumnos de dos colegios, uno oficial y otro privado, de nivel socioeconómico bajo. Edades comprendidas entre los 5 y 6 años. Todos habían recibido Educación Preescolar durante dos cursos como mínimo. Dentro del amplio marco de la investigación, incidencia de la Educación Preescolar en la evaluación de los alumnos de EGB, han considerado interesante abordar en una primera fase, el problema de las posibles relaciones existentes entre el origen social y la inteligencia de los preescolares. Apoyándose en diferentes teorías y trabajos publicados, como los de A.B. Jensen, Binet, y otros. La fase práctica comienza con el planteamiento de hipótesis. Posteriormente, se elaborarán unos cuestionarios, con preguntas relativas a los ingresos y gastos, se incluyen otros relacionados con el nivel instructivo de los padres y las pautas socioculturales de la familia en orden a la educación, incluye preguntas relativas a enfermedades u otros problemas físicos, que pueden afectar al sujeto y sobre la conducta afectiva del niño. Se observa disparidad de los ambientes familiares, desde el punto de vista económico y sociocultural. En el grupo b la familia tiende a ser mayor, siendo también menor la vivienda. Al ser menor el espacio origina que el entorno y, por consiguiente, el tipo de actividades extraescolares, sean muy diferentes en las dos muestras, realizando la mayor parte de sus juegos en la calle. Notable diferencia en cuanto al confort de las viviendas, la muestra a contiene todo tipo de electrodomésticos, en la b son escasos. Ambas difieren en cuanto al origen y profesión de los padres, correspondiéndose con el nivel cultural. El nivel de exigencias es mayor en el grupo a, en cuanto a las espectativas familiares en orden a la educación. No se han hallado diferencias en cuanto a la salud de los niños de ambos grupos. La confirmación de estas diferencias ambientales no hace ver la necesidad de profundizar en las variables del ambiente y, sobre todo, la urgencia de diseñar otras nuevas al objeto de superar las tradicionales excesivamente descriptivas.

Structural Characterization of Rare-Earth Doped Yttrium Aluminoborate Laser Glasses Using Solid State NMR

The structure of laser glasses in the system (B(2)O(3))(0.6){(Al(2)O(3))(0.4-x)(Y(2)O(3))(x)} (0.1 <= x <= 0.25) has been investigated by means of (11)B, (27)Al, and (89)Y solid state NMR as well as Y-3d core-level X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, (11)B magic-angle spinning (MAS) NMR spectra reveal that the majority of the boron atoms are three-coordinated, and a slight increase of four-coordinated boron content with increasing x can be noticed. (27)Al MAS NMR spectra show that the alumina species are present in the coordination states four, five and six. All of them are in intimate contact with both the three- and the four-coordinate boron species and vice versa, as indicated by (11)B/(27)Al rotational echo double resonance (REDOR) data. These results are consistent with the formation of a homogeneous, nonsegregated glass structure. For the first time, (89)Y solid state NMR has been used to probe the local environment of Y(3+) ions in a glass-forming system. The intrinsic sensitivity problem associated with (89)Y NMR has been overcome by combining the benefits of paramagnetic doping with those of signal accumulation via Carr-Purcell spin echo trains. Both the (89)Y chemical shifts and the Y-3d core level binding energies are found to be rather sensitive to the yttrium bonding state and reveal that the bonding properties of the yttrium atoms in these glasses are similar to those found in the model compounds YBO(3) and YAl(3)(BO(3))(4), Based on charge balance considerations as well as (11)B NMR line shape analyses, the dominant borate species are concluded to be meta- and pyroborate anions.

Glass-to-Vitroceramic Transition in the Yttrium Aluminoborate System: Structural Studies by Solid-State NMR

The crystallization of laser glasses in the system (B(2)O(3))(0.6){(Al(2)O(3))(0.4-y)(Y(2)O(3))(y)} (0.1 <= y <= 0.25) doped with different levels of ytterbium oxide has been investigated by X-ray powder diffraction, differential thermal analysis, and various solid-state NMR techniques. The homogeneous glasses undergo major phase segregation processes resulting in crystalline YBO(3), crystalline YAI(3)(BO(3))(4), and residual glassy B(2)O(3) as the major products. This process can be analyzed in a quantitative fashion by solid-state (11)B, (27)Al, and (89)Y NMR spectroscopies as well as (11)B{(27)Al} rotational echo double resonance (REDOR) experiments. The Yb dopants end up in both of the crystalline components, producing increased line widths of the corresponding (11)B, (27)Al, and (89)Y NMR resonances that depend linearly on the Yb/Y substitution ratio. A preliminary analysis of the composition dependence suggests that the Yb(3+) dopant is not perfectly equipartitioned between both crystalline phases, suggesting a moderate preference of Yb to substitute in the crystalline YBO(3) component.

Brefeldin A-inhibited guanine nucleotide-exchange activity of Sec7 domain from yeast Sec7 with yeast and mammalian ADP ribosylation factors

The Saccharomyces cerevisiae Sec7 protein (ySec7p), which is an important component of the yeast secretory pathway, contains a sequence of ≈200 amino acids referred to as a Sec7 domain. Similar Sec7 domain sequences have been recognized in several guanine nucleotide-exchange proteins (GEPs) for ADP ribosylation factors (ARFs). ARFs are ≈20-kDa GTPases that regulate intracellular vesicular membrane trafficking and activate phospholipase D. GEPs activate ARFs by catalyzing the replacement of bound GDP with GTP. We, therefore, undertook to determine whether a Sec7 domain itself could catalyze nucleotide exchange on ARF and found that it exhibited brefeldin A (BFA)-inhibitable ARF GEP activity. BFA is known to inhibit ARF GEP activity in Golgi membranes, thereby causing reversible apparent dissolution of the Golgi complex in many cells. The His6-tagged Sec7 domain from ySec7p (rySec7d) synthesized in Escherichia coli enhanced binding of guanosine 5′-[γ-[35S]thio]triphosphate by recombinant yeast ARF1 (ryARF1) and ryARF2 but not by ryARF3. The effects of rySec7d on ryARF2 were inhibited by BFA in a concentration-dependent manner but not by inactive analogues of BFA (B-17, B-27, and B-36). rySec7d also promoted BFA-sensitive guanosine 5′-[γ-thio]triphosphate binding by nonmyristoylated recombinant human ARF1 (rhARF1), rhARF5, and rhARF6, although the effect on rhARF6 was very small. These results are consistent with the conclusion that the yeast Sec7 domain itself contains the elements necessary for ARF GEP activity and its inhibition by BFA.

Smart cards for transit : multi-use remotely interrogated stored-data cards for fare and toll payment /

"FTA-MA-26-0020-95-1."

Modelos para estimativa de volume de árvores individuais pela morfometria da copa obtida com LiDAR.

A estimativa volumétrica, a partir do escaneamento digital de florestas por meio do uso do LIDAR, potencializa o emprego de técnicas de manejo de precisão no planejamento da exploração nas florestas tropicais. A utilização dessa tecnologia de sensoriamento remoto permite a incorporação de variáveis da morfometria de copa, ainda pouco empregadas e menos conhecidas em decorrência da dificuldade de coleta em campo. O objeto deste estudo foi construir equações capazes de estimar o volume do fuste de árvores individuais dominantes e codominantes, a partir da morfometria da copa obtida por meio do LIDAR aerotransportado, considerando duas situações de inventário florestal: a) com a coleta do DAP, conjuntamente com as variáveis morfométrica da copa obtidas pelo LIDAR e b) apenas com os dados de morfometria de copa. Para seleção dos modelos foram considerados: a matriz de correlação das variáveis preditoras e a combinação das variáveis que geraram os melhores resultados estatísticos pelos critérios Syx, Syx(%) e Pressp, e que foram homocedásticos e com disposição dos resíduos normais e independentes. Para as melhores equações foram realizadas análise de influência. Os resultados estatísticos do ajuste dos modelos para as duas situações permitiram selecionar equações com e sem DAP, com resultados R2 aj.(%) de a) 92,92 e b) 79,44; Syx (%) de a) 16,73 e b) 27,47; e, critério de Pressp de a) 201,15 m6 e b) 537,47 m6, respectivamente. Por meio das variáveis morfométricas, foi possível desenvolver equações capazes de estimar com precisão o volume do fuste de árvores dominantes e codominantes em florestas tropicais.

Concerto no. 27 in B-flat major for Piano and Orchestra, K. 595

Soitinnus: Piano, ork.

Pianokonsertto 27 B, KV. 595

Soitinnus: piano, orkesteri.

Distribution of HLA-DRB1 alleles in a mixed population with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus from the Southeast of Brazil

HLA class II genes are strongly associated with susceptibility and resistance to insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). The present study reports the HLA-DRB1 genotyping of 41 IDDM patients and 99 healthy subjects from the Southeast of Brazil (Campinas region). Both groups consisted of an ethnic mixture of Caucasian, African Negro and Amerindian origin. HLA-DRB1*03 and *04 alleles were found at significantly higher frequencies among IDDM patients compared to the controls (DRB1*03: 48.8% vs 18.2%, P<0.005, RR = 4.27; DRB1*04: 43.9% vs 15.1%, P<0.008, RR = 4.37) and were associated with a susceptibility to the disease. DRB1*03/*04 heterozygosity conferred a strong IDDM risk (RR = 5.44). In contrast, the HLA-DRB1*11 allele frequency was lower among IDDM patients (7.3% vs 26.3% in controls), but the difference was not significant. These data agree with those described for other populations and allow genetic characterization of IDDM in Brazil