Theoretical Approximations Between Brazilian and Spanish Authors' Production in the Field of Knowledge Organization in the Production of Journals on Information Science in Brazil

This work identifies and analyzes literature about knowledge organization (KO), expressed in scientific journals communication of information science (IS). It performs an exploratory study on the Base de Dados Referencial de Artigos de Periodicos em Ciência da Informacio (BRAPCI, Reference Database of Journal Articles on Information Science) between the years 2000 and 2010. The descriptors relating to "knowledge organization" are used in order to recover and analyze the corresponding articles and to identify descriptors and concepts which integrate the semantic universe related to KO. Through the analysis of content, based on metrical studies, this article gathers and interprets data relating to documents and authors. Through this, it demonstrates the development of this field and its research fronts according to the observed characteristics, as well as noting the transformation indicative in the production of knowledge. The work describes the influences of the Spanish researchers on Brazilian literature in the fields of knowledge and information organization. As a result, it presents the most cited and productive authors, the theoretical currents which support them, and the most significant relationships of the Spanish-Brazilian authors network. Based on the constant key-words analysis in the cited articles, the co-existence of the French conception current and the incipient Spanish influence in Brazil is observed. Through this, it contributes to the comprehension of the thematic range relating to KO, stimulating both criticism and self-criticism, debate and knowledge creation, based on studies that have been developed and institutionalized in academic contexts in Spain and Brazil.

Autocrítica de arte ou a última camada de verniz

Pós-graduação em Artes - IA

O universo metalinguístico na obra de Mário Quintana: uma poética da linguagem

Pós-graduação em Estudos Literários - FCLAR

A formação do pesquisador na pós-graduação em educação na universidade moderna: valores epistemológicos e ético-políticos

Objetivou-se compreender o horizonte axiológico da Universidade Moderna nas suas repercussões na formação do pesquisador em educação no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação (PPGED) da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA). O Problema de pesquisa expressa-se em duas interrogações: 1) Quais valores epistemológicos e ético-políticos da Universidade Moderna a UFPA incorpora ao seu ideal formativo? 2) Que valores apresentam se na formação do pesquisador no PPGED? Partiu-se de uma abordagem epistemológica, fundamentada na fenomenologia hermenêutica-existencial, que tomou os dados bibliográficos, as transcrições de entrevistas semi-estruturadas e as notas de campo como textos, em cuja organização lançou-se mão de técnicas de análise de conteúdo. Constatou-se que a ideia de universidade moderna, teve a sua origem na filosofia iluminista, que apesar de consagrar a noção de pesquisa como o seu centro, assentava-se, na verdade, no conceito de formação (Bildung), com inspiração no neo-humanismo. Mais do que o pesquisador stricto sensu, a universidade deve formar o homem que pensa por conta própria, autônomo, crítico e racional e é nisso que se encontra a essência do pesquisar. Pôde-se confirmar a tese proposta de acordo com a qual “O referencial ético-político e epistemológico da universidade moderna, baseado na noção de subjetividade autônoma, livre, consciente e crítica, mantém o seu vigor institucional na constituição do horizonte axiológico da formação na UFPA e no PPGED, em particular, embora esses valores venham sendo modalizados e criticados, em um movimento de autocrítica que é parte constitutiva do sujeito moderno.

Use of psychoactive substances in students at a public university

Introduction: The use of psychoactive substances by the student population has been the object of various studies in Brazil. Objective: To determine the prevalence of substance use among students. Methods: Quantitative study with a closed questionnaire based on standardized assessment instruments was developed. It consists of questions related to types of psychoactive substance use, abuse, frequency and duration of use, self-criticism regarding the use, consequences of use in relation to health, and misdemeanors committed under the influence of psychoactive substances. The sample included the participation of 268 students. A total of 183 (68.3%) questionnaires were analyzed, and only those with positive result for substance abuse at some point in life, the remainder, 85 (31%) questionnaires, had negative responses to psychoactive substances. Results: Students’ responses to the two years surveyed indicated that the first psychoactive substance used was alcohol (77.9%), followed by tobacco use (10.9%), and marijuana (7.6%). Of the students surveyed, 145 (79.2%) answered that still make use of psychoactive substances, and the current frequency of use varies from one or more times per week. When asked about the possibility of being or becoming drug addicts, 169 (92.3%) responded that they are not or will not become dependent. Conclusion: The results indicate the high rate of substance use among college students surveyed, and point to their contradiction to consider such psychoactive substances harmful to their health.

A Formação do professor: um estudo a partir da concepção de ética em Paul Ricoeur

Pós-graduação em Educação Escolar - FCLAR

Vocal cord dysfunction: dealing with aggressivity

QUESTIONS UNDER STUDY: Vocal cord dysfunction (VCD) is characterised by recurrent attacks of paradoxical adduction of the vocal cords during inspiration, accompanied clinically by dyspnoea attacks with inspiratory stridor lasting between minutes and hours. The aim of the study is to evaluate the self-perception of patients suffering from VCD and how they deal with aggressivity. METHODS: The Giessen Test (GT) and the Picture Frustration Test (PFT) were used on 6 patients with VCD. RESULTS: Five variables show significant differences between the patients with VCD and the values of the normative groups. VCD-patients show an idealized image of themselves, ie relaxed, open, sociable, and capable of devotion. They do not reject accusations against them by others and rarely make self-criticism. In conflicts they behave passively, thus blocking their expression of aggressivity. CONCLUSIONS: In many cases organic disposition and trigger stimuli are thought to be responsible for provoking dyspnoea attacks in VCD. However, the self-perception of patients and their way of dealing with aggressivity strongly suggests that psychosocial factors play a great role in the development of VCD. This requires not only symptom-orientated therapy but also psychological counselling.

How scientific is the science in ethnopharmacology? Historical perspectives and epistemological problems

This commentary is based on a general concern regarding the low level of self-criticism (-evaluation) in the interpretation of molecular pharmacological data published in ethnopharmacology-related journals. Reports on potentially new lead structures or pharmacological effects of medicinal plant extracts are mushrooming. At the same time, nonsense in bioassays is an increasing phenomenon in herbal medicine research. Only because a dataset is reproducible does not imply that it is meaningful. Currently, there are thousands of claims of pharmacological effects of medicinal plants and natural products. It is argued that claims to knowledge in ethnopharmacology, as in the exact sciences, should be rationally criticized if they have empirical content as it is the case with biochemical and pharmacological analyses. Here the major problem is the misemployment of the concentration-effect paradigm and the overinterpretation of data obtained in vitro. Given the almost exponential increase of scientific papers published it may be the moment to adapt to a falsificationist methodology.

Association of coping styles & adolescent substance use

Adolescent substance use is a serious public health concern with long-lasting consequences. Although specific coping behaviors have been associated with adolescent substance use, less is known about the role of multidimensional coping styles that account for both positive and negative coping behaviors. This study examined the association of coping styles and substance use (alcohol, marijuana, and other illicit drugs) of 1,019 ethnically diverse high school students. Coping styles were categorized by high or low negative coping behaviors (e.g. distraction, social withdrawal, self-criticism, blame others, wishful thinking, resignation, and negative emotional regulation) and high or low positive coping behaviors (e.g. cognitive restructuring, problem-solving, social support, and positive emotional regulation). My hypothesis that high positive coping, regardless of the use of negative coping behaviors, would be protective against substance use was rejected. Logistic regression analyses controlling for age, gender, race, and parent education indicated that adolescents who relied primarily on adaptive coping were 45-67% less likely to report lifetime or past year substance use than any other coping style. However, mixed copers (i.e. high in both positive and negative coping behaviors) were 2 to 3 times as likely to report substance use than their adaptive coping counterparts.^

Historia, política y responsabilidad : Oscar Terán y la autocrítica entre los intelectuales de izquierda en Argentina

Este trabajo pretende reconstruir la genealogía de la autocrítica al interior de los sectores intelectuales de la izquierda argentina a partir del itinerario de Oscar Terán, uno de sus principales protagonistas e historiadores. Se revisa su principal obra historiográfica y sus intervenciones en revistas político culturales a fines de delimitar rupturas y continuidades en la construcción de un relato que da cuenta del proceso de radicalización política en Argentina. Así, veremos cómo dicho relato se desplaza desde una lectura contemplativa en los años 80 hacia una operación de clausura en los años 90 y principios del presente siglo

Historia, política y responsabilidad : Oscar Terán y la autocrítica entre los intelectuales de izquierda en Argentina

Este trabajo pretende reconstruir la genealogía de la autocrítica al interior de los sectores intelectuales de la izquierda argentina a partir del itinerario de Oscar Terán, uno de sus principales protagonistas e historiadores. Se revisa su principal obra historiográfica y sus intervenciones en revistas político culturales a fines de delimitar rupturas y continuidades en la construcción de un relato que da cuenta del proceso de radicalización política en Argentina. Así, veremos cómo dicho relato se desplaza desde una lectura contemplativa en los años 80 hacia una operación de clausura en los años 90 y principios del presente siglo

Historia, política y responsabilidad : Oscar Terán y la autocrítica entre los intelectuales de izquierda en Argentina

Este trabajo pretende reconstruir la genealogía de la autocrítica al interior de los sectores intelectuales de la izquierda argentina a partir del itinerario de Oscar Terán, uno de sus principales protagonistas e historiadores. Se revisa su principal obra historiográfica y sus intervenciones en revistas político culturales a fines de delimitar rupturas y continuidades en la construcción de un relato que da cuenta del proceso de radicalización política en Argentina. Así, veremos cómo dicho relato se desplaza desde una lectura contemplativa en los años 80 hacia una operación de clausura en los años 90 y principios del presente siglo

Vivienda y Revolución. El Concurso entre Camaradas de la OSA, la Sección de Tipificación del Stroykom y la Casa Experimental de Transición Narkomfin (1926-1930) = Housing and Revolution. OSA’s Comradely Competition, Typification Section of the Stroykom and Narkomfin Experimental Transitional House (1926-1930)

La cuestión del asentamiento socialista en la URSS durante la década de 1920 estuvo caracterizada por el objetivo de definir y establecer un estado socialista en términos políticos, sociales y económicos. En este contexto de inestabilidad y cambio, un grupo de arquitectos pertenecientes a la Asociación de Arquitectos Contemporáneos, OSA, y liderado por Moisey Ginzburg, abordó el tema de la vivienda obrera asumiendo la responsabilidad y el compromiso por alcanzar un nuevo orden social. Su misión no consistió únicamente en solucionar el problema del alojamiento para los trabajadores en las grandes ciudades soviéticas, sino en redefinirlo como el marco adecuado para una sociedad sometida a un cambio sin precedentes que, al mismo tiempo y en un proceso dialéctico, debía contribuir a la construcción de esa nueva sociedad. La respuesta dada por la OSA trascendió el diseño inmediato bajo los estándares modernos establecidos en Occidente y tomó forma en un proceso de investigación que habría de prolongarse durante cinco años. Este trabajo, que culminó con la construcción y puesta en crisis de la Casa Narkomfin, se desarrolló en tres aproximaciones sucesivas. La primera, de carácter conceptual, consideró la participación ciudadana, así como de especialistas independientes, formalizándose en el Concurso entre Camaradas convocado por la OSA en 1926. La segunda aproximación al problema de la vivienda obrera se articuló a través de la investigación llevada a cabo por la Sección de Tipificación del Stroykom, esta vez desde premisas científicas y metodológicas. Finalmente, las conclusiones alcanzadas fueron transferidas a la práctica arquitectónica por medio de la construcción de seis Casas Experimentales de Transición, entre las que destacó la Casa Narkomfin. Este último acercamiento, de carácter empírico, ha sido tradicionalmente examinado por los expertos como un hecho aislado. Sin embargo, su estudio debe trascender necesariamente el genio del autor-creador en favor del proceso de investigación al que pertenece. En esta tesis, la Casa Narkomfin no se presenta sólo como el paradigma de vivienda soviética de vanguardia al que estamos acostumbrados, sino como un prototipo que recoge los principios y conclusiones alcanzados en las aproximaciones conceptuales y científicas precedentes. Únicamente desde este punto de vista cobra sentido la consideración de Ginzburg sobre su propio edificio como un medio propositivo y no impositivo: un proyecto concebido como una herramienta de transición hacia una sociedad más avanzada. ABSTRACT The question of mass housing in the USSR during the Twenties was marked by the drive to define and establish a socialist state in political, social and economic terms. In this context of instability and change, a group of architects gathered together under the Association of Contemporary Architects, OSA, led by Moisey Ginzburg, to address the issue of mass housing, thus taking on the responsibility and being committed to creating a new social order. Their quest not only involved solving the problem of housing for workers in large Soviet cities, but also redefining this solution as an appropriate framework for a society undergoing dramatic changes which, at the same time and in a dialectical process, would contribute to the creation of this new society. The solution provided by OSA transcended Modern standards of immediate design set by the West and was the result of a research process that would last five years. This work culminated in the construction of Narkomfin House and its self-criticism, developed in three successive approaches. The first was conceptual, being formalized in the Comradely Competition held by the OSA in 1926 and taking into account the participation of citizens and independent experts. The second approach to the problem of mass housing involved research developed by the Typification Section of the Stroykom, this time under scientific and methodological premises. Finally, the conclusions reached were put in practice with the construction of six Experimental Transitional Houses of which the most notable is Narkomfin House. This third empirical approach has traditionally been examined by scholars in isolation. However, its study must necessarily transcend the genius of the author-creator and involve the research process of which it is part. In this thesis, Narkomfin House is presented not only as the paradigm in Soviet housing avant-garde we are used to, but also as a prototype reflecting the principles and conclusions reached in the preceding conceptual and scientific approaches. Only from this point of view does Ginzburg’s understanding of his own building as a proactive and non-imposed environment make sense: a project conceived as a transition tool towards a more advanced society.

Historia, política y responsabilidad : Oscar Terán y la autocrítica entre los intelectuales de izquierda en Argentina

Este trabajo pretende reconstruir la genealogía de la autocrítica al interior de los sectores intelectuales de la izquierda argentina a partir del itinerario de Oscar Terán, uno de sus principales protagonistas e historiadores. Se revisa su principal obra historiográfica y sus intervenciones en revistas político-culturales a fines de delimitar rupturas y continuidades en la construcción de un relato que da cuenta del proceso de radicalización política en Argentina. Así, veremos cómo dicho relato se desplaza desde una lectura contemplativa en los años 1980 hacia una operación de clausura en los años 1990 y principios del presente siglo

Teaching-learning process of historical heritage: a Journey as a beginning, path and end

The implantation of new university degrees within the European Higher Education Area implies the need of innovative methodologies in teaching and learning to improve the skills and competencies of students and to answer the growing needs that society continuously demands to heritage management experts. The present work shows an application of the teaching methodology proposed during the international workshop entitled “I International Planning Preservation Workshop. Learning from Al Andalus”, which included the participation of the University of Alicante and Granada, Università Politecnico di Milano and Hunter College City University of New York; where we tried to dissolve traditional boundaries derived of interuniversity cooperation programs. The main objective of the workshop was to discuss and debate the role of urban Historical Centers within the Global Heritage by the integrated work through multidisciplinary teams and the creation of a permanent international working group between these universities to both teach and research. The methodology of this workshop was very participatory and considered the idea of a new learning process generated by "a journey experience." A trip from global to local (from the big city to the small village) but also a trip from the local (historical) part of a big city to the global dimension of contemporary historical villages identified by the students through a system of exhibition panels in affinity groups, specific projects proposed by lecturers and teachers or the generation of publications in various areas (texts, photographs, videos, etc.). So, the participation of the students in this multidisciplinary meeting has enhanced their capacity for self-criticism in several disciplines and has promoted their ability to perform learning and research strategies in an autonomous way. As a result, it has been established a permanent international work structure for the development of projects of the Historical City. This relationship has generated the publication of several books whose contents have reflected the conclusions developed in the workshop and several teaching proposals shared between those institutions. All these aspects have generated a new way of understanding the teaching process through a journey, in order to study the representative role of university in the historical heritage and to make students (from planning, heritage management, architecture, geography, sociology, history or engineering areas) be compromised on searching strategies for sustainable development in the Contemporary City.