Finding gold in our shadow: psychotherapy and the shadow syndrome

Drawing on the work of Carl Jung and Robert Bly, Yaro Starak explores how 'shadow work' can be used within a Gestalt group therapy environment to uncover the 'gold in our shadow bags' - hidden inner strengths and resources that we were previously unaware of that may lead to healing and transformation. (editor abstract)

Efeitos imediatos da oscilação extra-torácica de alta frequência "THE VESTr", em pacientes críticos submetidos a ventilação mecânica

A retenção de secreções é um problema comum em pacientes sedados e ventilados invasivamente, estas são ponto de partida para o aparecimento de infecções, pneumonia nosocomial e agravamento geral do estado clínico do paciente. Apesar de estudos comprovarem a eficácia da fisioterapia respiratória convencional nestes doentes, outros demonstraram que é cara, operador dependente, de eficácia variada e por vezes causar desconforto e dor. Vários estudos que comprovaram a segurança e eficácia da Alta Frequência Oscilatória Extra Torácica serviram de base para a realização do estudo onde se avaliou os efeitos fisiológicos imediatos da aplicação da técnica e diferenças a médio e longo prazo na comparação entre dois grupos. O VestR força o ar para dentro e para fora dos pulmões aumentando a interacção fluxo/secreções reduzindo a sua viscosidade, ao libertar e mobilizar as secreções, estas são mais facilmente aspiradas, reduzindo o risco de infecção pulmonar. Dez pacientes que cumpriram critérios de inclusão entraram no estudo. Durante dois dias foi aplicado num dos grupos o VestR durante dez minutos, três vezes por dia. Foram registados os parâmetros ventilatórios, cardíacos e de oxigenação para avaliar efeitos fisiológicos imediatos. Para comparação de grupos foram efectuados registos durante as 48h dos parâmetros referidos anteriormente. No período de follow up foram registados os dias de internamento hospitalar na unidade de cuidados intensivos e os dias de ventilação mecânica invasiva. Pelo reduzido tamanho amostral foi usada a estatística descritiva para a análise dos dados. Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre os dois grupos, apesar de haver uma tendência de melhoria dos parâmetros fisiológicos imediatos durante a aplicação da técnica. Concluímos que, com a limitação do tamanho amostral, os efeitos positivos imediatos da aplicação da HFCWO neste grupo podem-se revelar um bom indício para a realização de estudos futuros, com tamanhos amostrais superiores e melhor controlados, que comprovem que é uma técnica mais vantajosa e eficaz para o tratamento dos doentes críticos.

A Study of Alcohol Problems and Marriage from a Treatment Perspective

This thesis is concerned with alcohol problems and marital relationships. It is particularly interested in these dynamics from a treatment perspective. The study addresses theory, research and clinical practice in the field of alcohol problems. It specifically considers these areas as they relate to enhancing understanding of the dynamics between alcohol problems and marriage. The study examines three theoretical paradigms, the disease concept of addiction, behavioural/cognitive behavioural and systems based approaches to understanding alcohol addiction. This provides a multiple theory base from which research in the field and the clinical data collected in the current research is analysed and interpreted. The study reviews research findings that have contributed to the recognition of marital treatment interventions as significant in the alcohol field. It highlights the discrepancies between such research findings and developments in actual clinical practice. In doing so, the study illustrates the gap between theory, research and clinical practice. The need for a more effective framework of information exchange across these areas of activity is identified and a model for better exchange is presented and discussed. This model highlights the importance of including clients' experiences to influence policy, practice, theory and research. In the research, specific attention is focused on the experiences of couples in alcohol treatment. Clinical data is collected from a series of alcohol treatment couples group therapy sessions. The research analysis of the clinical data identifies and extracts concerns as expressed by couples in treatment. Interpretation of these identified concerns or themes is conducted by employing the theoretical constructs of the three selected theoretical paradigms in conjunction with group work theory. On the basis of the findings in this thesis a model for a maritally sensitive assessment framework is developed. The model identifies a number of factors that should be considered in order to enhance appreciation of the interaction between alcohol problems and marital dynamics. This has particular significance for treatment interventions.This resource was contributed by The National Documentation Centre on Drug Use.

Vuorottelujäsennys ryhmäterapiassa

Summary: The organisation of turn-taking in group therapy

Self-reported smoking cessation activities among Swiss primary care physicians.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Individual counselling, pharmacotherapy, and group therapy are evidence-based interventions that help patients stop smoking. Acupuncture, hypnosis, and relaxation have no demonstrated efficacy on smoking cessation, whereas self-help material may only have a small benefit. The purpose of this study is to assess physicians' current clinical practice regarding smokers motivated to stop smoking. METHODS: The survey included 3385 Swiss primary care physicians. Self-reported use of nine smoking cessation interventions was scored. One point was given for each positive answer about practicing interventions with demonstrated efficacy, i.e. nicotine replacement therapy, bupropion, counselling, group therapy, and smoking cessation specialist. No points were given for the recommendation of acupuncture, hypnosis, relaxation, and self-help material. Multivariable logistic analysis was performed to identify factors associated with a good practice score, defined as >1. RESULTS: The response rate was 55%. Respondents were predominately over the age of 40 years (88%), male (79%), and resided in urban areas (74%). Seventeen percent reported being smokers. Most of the physicians prescribed nicotine replacement therapy (84%), bupropion (65%), or provided counselling (70%). A minority of physicians recommended acupuncture (26%), hypnosis (8%), relaxation (7%), or self-help material (24%). A good practice score was obtained by 85% of respondents. Having attended a smoking cessation training program was the only significant predictor of a good practice score (odds ratio: 6.24 , 95% CI 1.95-20.04). CONCLUSION: The majority of respondents practice recommended smoking cessation interventions. However, there is room for improvement and implementing an evidence-based smoking cessation-training program could provide additional benefit.

Leisure connections : a case study to understand facilitation techniques with survivors of trauma

Leisure-based therapy is a potentially effective approach to supporting survivors of trauma in their healing. The purpose ofthis qualitative case study was to describe the recreation therapist's facilitation techniques of Leisure Connections, a unique leisurebased psycho-educational group for survivors of trauma, and explore how the facilitation was experienced by participants. Qualitative case study design, following the methods of Yin (1994) was used. One two week, three session Leisure Connections group was observed. Six participants completed the Group· Therapy Alliance Scale (pinsof & Catherall, 1986) and reflection cards. In-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted with the recreation therapist and four participants. Six themes emerged describing group leader interventions, recreation therapist's actions, recreation therapist's preparation and reflections, group members' experience of a therapeutic alliance, group cohesion, and prior influences and assumptions. Therapeutic alliance and group cohesion were influenced by the recreation therapist's group leader interventions (drawing out, processing, protecting) and actions. The context of the group within a therapeutic community milieu was an important influence.

Facteurs associés à l’alliance thérapeutique en toxicomanie : effets modérateurs de la judiciarisation et des troubles sévères de santé mentale

La toxicomanie a des répercussions importantes tant pour les individus qui en souffrent que pour la société en général (MSSS, 2007). L’efficacité des traitements offerts aux toxicomanes est toutefois affaiblie par la difficulté à maintenir et à engager en traitement cette clientèle (Meier et al., 2006). Dans ce contexte, et puisque la qualité de l’alliance thérapeutique est associée aux résultats et à la persévérance en traitement (Martin et al., 2000; Meier et al., 2005a), l’alliance qui se développe entre le client et le thérapeute en cours de thérapie peut être vue comme une piste de solution prometteuse pour améliorer l’efficacité des traitements de la toxicomanie. La présente étude se propose d’identifier les facteurs associés à l’alliance thérapeutique développée par une clientèle toxicomane en traitement (n = 269). L’étude s’intéresse également à l’influence de doubles problématiques (toxico-justice, toxico-santé mentale) sur les relations existantes entre l’alliance et ces facteurs (effets modérateurs). Les liens entre l’alliance thérapeutique et différentes variables (santé mentale, consommation, satisfaction envers les services, motivation, soutien social, pressions légales) ont été examinés à l’aide d’analyses de régression hiérarchique. Les résultats indiquent que le profil de consommation évalué avant l’entrée en traitement covarie avec l’alliance thérapeutique. Les troubles cognitifs et la satisfaction envers les services sont les deux principales variables évaluées lors de la thérapie de groupe qui sont associées à l’alliance. Des effets modérateurs de la présence de problématiques associées à la toxicomanie (justice, santé mentale) sur la relation entre certaines variables indépendantes et l’alliance ont finalement été observés.

Aménagement du cadre dans la psychothérapie de groupe d'orientation analytique auprès des adolescents

Essai doctoral présenté à la Faculté des arts et des sciences en vue de l'obtention du grade de Doctorat (D.Psy.) en psychologie clinique

El modelo integral y su aplicación en terapia

La presente monografía es una revisión de la literatura frente a los postulados fundamentales del modelo integral propuesto por Ken Wilber y la aplicación de dicho modelo a la psicoterapia. Se presentan cada una de los elementos que sostienen esta meta-perspectiva tales como cuadrantes, niveles, líneas, y estados, y la forma en que cada uno de ellos se relaciona con la psicoterapia integral. Se abordan a continuación temas como los diferentes niveles de terapia, las etapas del desarrollo de la identidad, las patologías típicas en cada una de ellas y las posibles intervenciones para manejarlas, el rol que posee el terapeuta y algunos otros campos de aplicación del modelo integral a terapias grupales y al asesoramiento.

Impacto de la auto - percepción de imagen corporal en sujetos con VIH y lipoatrofia facial.

La lipoatrofia facial es uno de los efectos secundarios que con más frecuencia se presenta y afecta la calidad de vida del paciente con VIH que recibe tratamiento antiretroviral. Metodología: Estudio observacional de corte transversal que involucró 126 sujetos, a quienes se aplicó una encuesta semi-estructurada para determinar cómo percibe el paciente que la lipoatrofia facial lo afecta en áreas afectiva, social, laboral y ocupacional; evaluar la percepción de la imagen corporal; caracterizar sociodemográficamente; determinar la prevalencia de lipoatrofia facial y establecer si hay diferencias de percepción de la imagen corporal según la caracterización sociodemográfica. Resultados: La Prevalencia de lipoatrofia facial fue del 57.1%. El grado de satisfacción en cuanto a apariencia física tuvo un promedio de 5.01±2.69. El 88.7% y 80.3% de los pacientes evaluados sintieron tristeza y frustración con su apariencia respectivamente. El 53.5% y el 42.9% informaron menos oportunidades laborales y educativas. La orientación sexual reportada con mayor frecuencia fue homosexualidad. No hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre el grado de satisfacción de apariencia con aspectos sociodemográficos excepto en pacientes que recibieron apoyo psicológico. Conclusión: Primer estudio en el país que evalúa el impacto de la lipoatrofia facial en pacientes con VIH y tratamiento antiretroviral. Aunque la presencia de lipoatrofia facial sobre la cotidianidad no es estadísticamente significativa, si resulta trascendental pues existen porcentajes importantes de emociones y alteraciones psicológicas que afectan directamente a estos sujetos en las áreas afectiva, social, laboral y ocupacional. Se hace necesaria la realización de más estudios que permitan obtener mayor de evidencia.

La muerte en la psicoterapia fenomenológico-existencial

El siguiente trabajo pretende, mediante la revisión de diferentes fuentes bibliográficas, mostrar las distintas categorías en las que la muerte se trabaja dentro de la psicoterapia fenomenológico existencial. Es así como se hace un recorrido por los antecedentes filosóficos de este enfoque psicoterapéutico, las diferentes escuelas que dentro de él se desarrollan y sus planteamientos frente a la muerte, las maneras de morir, la muerte y el ciclo vital, y los avances actuales como la Teoría del Manejo del Terror (TMT) . Todos estos elementos se revisan para después ser relacionados y así proponer una serie de acciones prácticas a llevar a cabo dentro del encuentro psicoterapéutico con miras a un trabajo adecuado y productivo con la muerte desde una perspectiva existencial.

Progress report from the strategic sanctuary for the destruction of free will

Progress Report from the Strategic Sanctuary for the Destruction of Free Will presents a new work combining film, music and installation that juxtaposes the setting of the institution with the aesthetics of psychedelia.Progress Report from the Strategic Sanctuary for the Destruction of Free Will is an installation, film and sound work that takes over the gallery. Using plain white card, it distorts the structure of the gallery’s architecture, producing a paranoid shrunken space. Inside this space, performers in cardboard costumes re-enact abstracted, broken gestures drawn from video documentation of acid trips, psychedelic dancing, rehab sessions and radical psychotherapy workshops. Progress Report from the Strategic Sanctuary for the Destruction of Free Will has been formed through Pil and Galia Kollectiv’s research into the anti-psychiatry movement, their interests in counter cultural movements and their studies around biopolitics and the proliferation of societal medication. In 1958, having had a life changing experience with LSD, former alcoholic Charles Dederich founded Synanon, a drug rehabilitation program based on residential care and an aggressive form of group therapy called ‘The Game’. The organisation gradually evolved into a controversial alternative community, described in a critical pamphlet as creating Strategic Sanctuaries for the Destruction of Free Will, “a subversive program for mixing delinquents and lefties”. In 1984, anti-psychiatrist R. D. Laing described tranquillizers as chemical straight jackets. With our growing understanding of the plasticity of the brain and the potential to shape it, the tension between liberation and control in the struggle over the mind continues to define our relationship to labour, culture and production. Interrogating these ideas, the exhibition poses the question of whether a collective body can overcome the solipsism of the incommunicable experience of the individual mind.

Capacidade funcional de hemiparéticos crônicos submetidos a um programa de fisioterapia em grupo

Este estudo tem como objetivos analisar a eficácia da fisioterapia em grupo sobre a marcha, o equilíbrio corporal e o risco de queda, e verificar se há correlação entre a capacidade funcional da marcha e o equilíbrio em indivíduos com hemiparesia crônica. Participaram do estudo 21 adultos hemiparéticos, com idade média de 58,9±10,6 anos, com seqüela de no mínimo 1 ano após acidente vascular encefálico isquêmico ou hemorrágico. Os sujeitos foram submetidos a um programa de 1 hora de fisioterapia em grupo duas vezes por semana durante seis meses. Foram avaliados por meio da escala de equilíbrio de Berg (EEB) e do teste de levantar e caminhar cronometrado TLCC (TUG, na sigla em inglês de timed up & go) antes do programa, após 13 e ao fim de 26 semanas. Os resultados mostram uma redução progressiva, embora não-significativa, no tempo de execução do TLCC e aumento progressivo, também não-significativo, do escore na EEB. Foi observada forte correlação entre as duas escalas (r=0,7, p<0,05). Assim, a terapia não foi efetiva para produzir melhora nos escores dos testes, mas contribuiu para manter a mobilidade.

Psicoterapia grupal no transtorno obsessivo-compulsivo

There are few published papers about group psychotherapy for patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and usually restricted psychoeducational, support or cognitive-behavioral approaches. This article describes the experience of group psychotherapy for OCD patients started in 1996 in Botucatu Medical School - Unesp, São Paulo, Brazil. The two-hour sessions occur once a month, with 6 to 10 female patients, and are based on psychodramatic techniques. Psychotropic prescriptions are given after the sessions. In the beginning, aggressive obsessions were more prominent and were reported with much anguish and shame. Gradually, the themes changed from OCD specific issues (symptoms, pharmacological treatment, outcome, need of exposure and response prevention) to deeper and more personal psychodynamic aspects. The psychodramatic approach (techniques of double, mirror, role inversion, search for prymary scenes) has mostly shown: difficulty in accepting their own human mistakes or negative emotions due to excessive personal demands. This seems to generate guilt, low self-esteem, idealization of others, difficulty in enjoying pleasant situations, fear of taking responsibilities and of losing control (madness/aggressiveness). The group has been considered very important by the patients, since sharing experiences helps to diminish feelings of isolation, shame and guilt, stimulates the exposure to feared situations and enhances self-esteem. The fact that all participants have the same disorder favors group cohesion and provides relief, as they see in the others some of their afflictions and are able to share similar feelings and experiences. Many times the burden of the symptoms are dealt with humor. The confidence in such therapeutic setting is helping the identification and resolution of personal conflicts and contributing to the adherence to pharmacological treatment. The group also provides valuable training experiences for resident physicians in psychiatry.

O grupo psicoterapeutico além do imaginário: a psicanálise de Lacan, laços sociais e revoluções de discurso

In a preliminary communication, we intend to reflect on thepossibilities of group psychotherapy based on the theory of Lacan. We startedfrom the premise that it could apply to group psychotherapy the sametheoretical basis of individual psychotherapy in which the psychoanalysis ofJacques Lacan is applied, with some modifications. Introducing theoreticalelements and reporting fragments of the practice of caring for a group in thisreference, so that it gives an idea of how this psychotherapeutic group works.The application of Lacan s psychoanalysis to the practice of group therapy hasshown results that seem to justify the continuation of this exercise ofintercession and research, and at the same time seems to allow to the theory ofgroups to cross the boundaries of imaginary. The group practice in thisreference has been shown as effective as individual psychotherapy in the fieldof Psychosocial Care.