Análise da variação da vazão e da concentração do metano presentes nos gases gerados no aterro sanitário de Rio Claro - SP

The study of the generation of landfill gas contributes to the understanding of the relationship between gas production and other parameters, such as time of disposal of waste and moisture (rainfall) and, thus, can subsidize the viability study for energy. This study aims to evaluate the interference of the time of disposal of waste and moisture (rainfall) in the production and composition of biogas generated at the landfill in Rio Claro - SP. As a result it was observed that for the landfill studied, the average percentage of methane in biogas ranged from 49.9% to 54.7%. It was found that moisture (rainfall) and the time of waste disposal are parameters which do not cause significant changes in methane concentration in biogas. However, when analyzed the flow of biogas, which had the maximum average value of 152.86m3/h and minimum average value of 15.47m3/h was observed great interference of moisture (rainfall) and the time of disposal of waste, because well of gas located in newer areas of the landfill showed higher values of flow rate than the areas where the landfill was the beginning of the arrangement. The same way, it was observed that in the dry season flow of biogas decreased in all drains gas analyzed

Estudo da variação da porcentagem e da estimativa de geração de gás metano para o aterro sanitário do município de Rio Claro - SP

Increased demand for energy and the search for alternative energy sources are remarkable and current facts. The management of domestic solid waste is also part of the issue in view of the possibility of power generation in existing landfills, which could provide financial autonomy to the system of waste management and improve the environmental balance of landfills in Brazil, currently only used for final solids disposal. Landfill gas is a viable alternative energy source has been tested in landfills in the World and in Brazil. Thus, the research aimed to evaluate the percentage of methane (CH4) present in three sinks of gases from a landfill in the municipality of Rio Claro – SP (Brazil), and to estimate the potential methane generation over its life through the application of a mathematical model. As a result it was found that in general the percentage of methane present in the gases is significant, between 50 and 62%. It was also noted that waste with disposal time between 8 and 12 months already are in the methanogenic stage. Finally, there was a tendency to increase the generation of methane in the transition periods of rain and drought

Resistividade elétrica em aterro sanitário e relações com a produção de biogás

The landfill biogas can be an alternative energetic resource as a fuel to electrical energy generators, although, there are not too many techniques to prospect the gas. Usually, landfills receive home waste, which in most are constituted by organic matter whose degradation by anaerobic activity produces the biogas. Geophysics is an important tool in environmental studies and the electrorresistivity, an important method employed in contaminated areas by slurry or necroslurry, including a monitoring for each contaminator flow. The electrorresistivity has not too much application in finding biogas. For this work, two biogas drains in Rio Claro-SP landfill were selected: one whose waste disposition correspond to the initial activities in the landfill and another drain whose disposition started more recently. The result consists in a higher biogas production if compared to the biogas from the older drain. The present paper consists in a monitoring along one year, with dates collection in each fifteen days. These dates were tabled in Excel 2010 program and graphics of resistivity x depth were generated. Hereafter, most variable resistivity values depth were chosen, to further graphics pluviosity x resistivity generation in Grapher 8 program and the biogas output (m³/h) in monitoring period. The use of pluviosity parameter can be justified by its influence above resistivity. The results show that there is a horizon with possibly biogas accumulation. Lastly, the method was effective, although, for any application of geophysical methods, the knowledge about its limitations is necessary; in this case the influence of pluviosity and also that the measurements were made in one single point, it will not show any side variation

Relações entre produção de biogás em aterro sanitário e variações no potencial elétrico natural

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Estudos das condições da disposição final de resíduos sólidos domiciliares no aterro sanitário de Cachoeira Paulista – SP

In this assignment, will be assessed the conditions of operation for the final disposal of household solid waste landfill in the city of Cachoeira Paulista-SP. The theme chosen for research is of great social importance therefore is directly related to the well-being of the people, sustainable development, environmental protection and public health. Everyone should be aware of the problems related to improper final disposal of solid waste of any kind. The objectives of the study were: analyse the conditions of operation of the landfill; verify the treatment technology of percolating liquids (slurry) generated in the landfill; examine whether the landfill obey the rules; which cities in the region depend on the disposal system, verify that there are flaws in the final destination of solid waste in the municipality and in the cities of the region. The research is primarily a bibliographic review, obtained by querying the database and virtual libraries. Technical visits were also held at the study site, to check spot the methodology employed in the operation of landfill This work concluded that for the period under study, the landfill was as a landfill site, therefore, in accordance with the rules of operation

Comportamento da temperatura da massa de resíduos aterrados em um aterro sanitário

In this paper we investigate the temperature variation of the mass of waste along the depth in a household waste landfill of Rio Claro - SP, São Paulo, having a climate characterized as Tropical Altitude. In this research, there were two holes in two distinct points of the landfill, with different depths and characteristics in order to fix several thermal sensors - RTDs - to record the temperature at predetermined depths. Overall, the results show the influence of temperature at depths of up to 3.0 meters (from the surface) and that it varies in a manner to stabilize at depths above 5.0 meters. The highest temperature obtained was approximately 37.5 ° C for a time of waste disposal of 7 to 10 years. The results showed the presence of organic matter (substrate) which resulted in elevated temperature resulting from biological activity

Diagnóstico e gestão dos resíduos gerados em aterro sanitário

The issue of environmental impacts to human health and the generation and disposal of solid waste has led to a change of paradigms for your face, highlighting the need for sustainable management of municipal solid waste (MSW). In this context, the expansion of landfills in Brazil in recent decades makes it necessary to sustainable management of waste generated by this type of enterprise, since its implementation. The aim of this study was to perform a diagnosis of the generation of waste in a landfill, in the expansion phase, and the alternatives adopted for its management. The qualitative diagnosis was made from observations on site and the wastes were classified and quantified from August 2011 to January 2012. In the diagnosis was considered the reduction, reuse and recycle, in that order. The results of this study showed that the residue of the greatest generation was PEAD geomembranes used in the waterproofing of the landfill, reaching 7 t, followed by PVC pipes, which reached 850 kg, both destined for recycling. The largest volume of wastewater generated corresponded to the leachate, reaching 11,500 m3 , which were sent for treatment

Estudo da eficiência eletroquímica para tratamento de chorume gerado em aterro sanitário brasileiro

This work was performing effluent degradation studies by electrochemical treatment. The electrochemical oxidation (EO) hydroquinone (H2Q) was carried out in acid medium, using PbO2 electrode by galvanostatic electrolysis, applying current densities of 10 and 30 mA/cm2 . The concentration of H2Q was monitored by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The experimental results showed that the galvanostatic electrolysis process performance significantly depends on the applied current density, achieving removal efficiencies of 100% and 80 % and 10 applying 30 mA/cm2 , respectively. Furthermore, the electroanalytical technique was effective in H2Q be used as a detection method. In order to test the efficiency of PbO2 electrode, the electrochemical treatment was conducted in an actual effluent, leachate from a landfill. The liquid waste leachate (600ml effluent) was treated in a batch electrochemical cell, with or without addition of NaCl by applying 7 mA/cm2 . The efficiency of EO was assessed against the removal of thermo-tolerant coliforms, total organic carbon (TOC), total phosphorus and metals (copper, cobalt, chromium, iron and nickel). These results showed that efficient removal of coliforms was obtained (100%), and was further decrease the concentration of heavy metals by the cathode processes. However, results were not satisfactory TOC, achieving low total removal of dissolved organic load. Because it is considered an effluent complex were developed other tests with this effluent to monitor a larger number of decontamination parameters (Turbidity, Total Solids, Color, Conductivity, Total Organic Carbon (TOC) and metals (barium, chromium, lithium, manganese and Zinc), comparing the efficiency of this type of electrochemical treatment (EO or electrocoagulation) using a flow cell. In this assay was compared to electro streaming. In the case of the OE, Ti/IrO2-TaO5 was used as the anode, however, the electrocoagulation process, aluminum electrodes were used; applying current densities of 10, 20 and 30 mA/cm2 in the presence and absence of NaCl as an electrolyte. The results showed that EO using Ti/IrO2–TaO5 was anode as efficient when Cl- was present in the effluent. In contrast, the electrocoagulation flow reduces the dissolved organic matter in the effluent, under certain experimental conditions.

Impactos Ambientais do Território de Botucatu

Não disponível

Avaliação de lixiviados de aterros de resíduos sólidos urbanos situados nos estados do Rio de Janeiro e Santa Catarina.

Avaliação de lixiviados de aterros de resíduos sólidos urbanos situados nos estados do Rio de Janeiro e Santa Catarina. Brasil, 2013, 137f. Dissertação de Mestrado em Engenharia Ambiental Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2013. Os lixiviados de aterros de resíduos sólidos urbanos possuem grande potencial poluidor em face de características tóxicas devido a altas concentrações de nitrogênio amoniacal, substâncias recalcitrantes, além de elevadas concentrações de matéria orgânica. Seu aporte em corpos hídricos, pode causar eutrofização e ser tóxica aos peixes. O alto índice de pluviosidade de nosso país intensifica o problema, pois acarreta em grandes quantidades de lixiviado uma vez que essa produção está diretamente relacionada com a quantidade de água que percola no aterro. Encontrar solução de tratamento para este efluente, que atenda a grande variedade de lixiviados, com características distintas de região para região, e que consigam atender os padrões brasileiros de lançamento de efluentes se constitui em um grande desafio para a Engenharia Nacional. Este trabalho se propôs a contribuir para o melhor conhecimento das características dos lixiviados tendo em vista o seu tratamento.

Avaliação dos procedimentos de operação em aterros sanitários no Estado do Rio de Janeiro.

A operação de um aterro sanitário é um item fundamental para a gestão adequada dos resíduos por se tratar de um dos diferenciais entre aterros sanitários e lixões. Apesar da existência na literatura de manuais e referências para as rotinas de operação, esta é dependente da experiência dos operadores. Com o intuito de absorver esta experiência, o desenvolvimento do projeto se deu por um levantamento bibliográfico na literatura existente, elaboração de um questionário a ser aplicado nos aterros estudados, visitas aos aterros sanitários selecionados e estudo comparativo dos procedimentos encontrados no levantamento de campo e na literatura. O trabalho apresenta um estudo sobre a operação de aterros sanitários no Estado do Rio de Janeiro e para sua realização foram selecionados cinco aterros sanitários: Aterro Sanitário de Piraí, Central de Tratamento de Resíduos de Rio das Ostras, Central de Tratamento de Resíduos de Macaé, Aterro Sanitário de São Pedro da Aldeia e Central de Tratamento de Resíduos de Nova Iguaçu.

Avaliação da ecotoxicidade de percolados em áreas de disposição de resíduos na região metropolitana de Natal/RN

Leachates are effluent produced by decomposition of solid waste, they have complex composition and can be highly toxic. Therefore such percolated liquid should be collected and treated properly to avoid environmental contamination of soil and of water bodies. The objective of this study was to evaluate the toxicity through ecotoxicological tests with Ceriodaphnia dubia (Cladocera - Crustacea) of percolated liquids generated in two different systems of municipal solid waste (MSW) disposal in the city of Natal/ RN: A Sanitary Landfill in the Metropolitan Region of Natal/ RN, and in a dump off area. Furthermore, it was evaluated the possible contamination of the underground water of the dump off area. Two monthly samples were taken at four points between the months of May/2009 and January/2010. The Point "A" corresponds to the end of the pond leachate treatment in ASRMN; The Point "B" corresponds to a containment pond at the dump. The Point "C" is an area near one of the cells of the dump off area where the leachate outcrops; The Point "D" stands for an underground water well at the area. The last point, called "E" was sampled only once and corresponds to the slurry produced by temporary accumulation of solid waste in the open area of the dump. The ecotoxicological tests, acute and chronic, followed the ABNT 13373/2005 rules, with some modifications. The samples were characterized by measuring the pH number, the dissolved oxygen (DO), the salinity, BOD5, COD, Cd, Cu, Pb, Cr, Fe, Mg, Ni, and Zn. At Point A, the average number of EC50-48h ranged between 1.0% and 2.77% (v/v), showing a high toxicity of the leachate to C.dubia in all months. To this point, positive correlations were found between the EC50- 48 with precipitation. Negative correlations were found between the EC50- 48h with salinity. At point B there was no response of the acute exposure of organisms to the test samples. At point C the EC50-48h ranged from 17.68% to 35.36% in just two months of the five ones analyzed, not correlated meaning. Point D, the EC50-48h level ranged between 12.31% and 71.27%, showed a negative correlation with, only, precipitation. Although it was observed toxicity of underground water in the Landfill Area, there was no evidence of water contamination by leachate, however, due to the toxic character of this water, additional tests should be conducted to confirm the quality of water that is used for human supply. At point E there was no acute toxicity. These results support the dangers of inappropriate disposal of MSW to water bodies due to the high toxicity of the leachate produced highlighting the necessity of places of safe confinement and a treatment system more effective to it

Avaliação preliminar da qualidade das águas superficiais e sub-superficiais no entorno de um sistema de disposição final de resíduos sólidos urbanos

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)