Variabilidade genética intrapopulacional em Myracrodruon urundeuva Fr. All. por marcador AFLP

Levels of genetic variability for in situ and ex situ genetic conservation were estimated in a population of Myracrodruon urundeuva using the PCR (polymerase chain reaction) technique with the AFLP (Amplified fragment-length polymorphism) genetic marker. Seeds for progeny tests were collected from 30 open-pollination trees (matrices) at Paulo de Faria Ecological Station - SP. From this genetic material, three progeny tests were installed on the Teaching and Research Farm of Ilha Solteira Faculty of Engineering - University of São Paulo State (UNESP), which is located in Selvlria - MS, Brazil. The analysis by genetic marker was conducted with three combinations of different starters EcoRl-Msel, resulting in a total number of 137 polymorphic bands, thus forming a table of binary data. These data were used for the analysis of genetic divergence and distance between progenies. High levels of genetic divergence were observed among families. Based on the Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA), it was shown that 16.2% of genetic diversity is found among progenies and 83.8% within progenies, which suggests deviances of random matings. The grouping of progenies, based on genetic distances, suggests that progenies deriving from trees which are close to each other tend to be more similar. This, in turn, indicates that the population originating the seeds may be genetically structured.

Estratégias de seleção dentro de progênies em duas populações de myracrodruon urundeuva Fr. All.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Variação genética para caracteres silviculturais e anatômicos da madeira em progênies de Myracrodruon urundeuva (Engler) Fr. Allem

The aims of this study were to evaluate the variation and to estimate genetic parameters for silvicultural anatomic wood traits for genetic breeding of a Myracrodruon urundeuva (Engler) Fr. Allem, population from Selvíria-MS. For this, from samples of a progeny test established in the Fazenda de Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão da Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira/UNESP, macroscopic anatomic wood traits of M. urundeuva (tangential diameter and vases frequency per mm2) and growth traits were measured (height, DBH and stem form). Genetic parameters were estimated in 28 open-pollinated progenies, in three replications and 10 plants per plot, using a REML/BLUP approach. Between the analysed traits, the DBH is the most indicated for selection for timber production, because it presented the highest values of coefficient of genetic variation, heritabilities and selective accuracy. Between the anatomic traits, the vessels frequency in the pith showed the highest values for genetic parameters. For pulp yield, based on the multi-effect index, the strategy of selecting the best trees for vessels frequency in the pith, independent of the progeny, permitted to obtain substantial gains by mass selection, without progeny test.

Padronização do teste de tetrazólio para avaliação da viabilidade de sementes de três espécies florestais

Pós-graduação em Agronomia - FCAV

Agregação de um latossolo em recuperação após 5 anos

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Desenvolvimento inicial e nutrição de espécies arbóreas nativas sob ferlilização, em plantios de recuperação de áreas de cerrado degradado

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Energia na Agricultura) - FCA

Espécies arbóreas que ocorrem na região do Bolsão Sul-Mato-Grossense e variação genética para caracteres silviculturais em um teste de progênies com três espécies em consórcio

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Recuperação de um subsolo de cerrado com cultivo de plantas nativa e introduzidas

Pós-graduação em Agronomia - FEIS

Crescimento e sobrevivência de espécies arbóreas em plantio de enriquecimento de mata ciliar em restauração

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Distribuição natural de espécies arbóreas em áreas com diferentes níveis de antropização e relação com os atributos químicos do solo

With the emergence of areas degraded by human activities, the chemical soil properties and silvicultural characters became important in understanding the succession process of tree species and planning of landscape restoration. This study aimed to evaluate the distribution of tree species in areas with different levels of human disturbance, relating silvicultural aspects to the soil chemical properties and characterizing the type of vegetation, for integration of genetic conservation program in situ. The study was conducted in the area of Research and Extension Experimental Farm (FEPE) from UNESP, Ilha Solteira, in Selviria - MS. Through transect, 64 plots were marked 50 m equidistant with dimensions of 10 x 10 m, where: 29 plots were in an highly disturbed area (HDA), five in moderately disturbed area (MDA), 15 in lowly disturbed area (LDA), six in riparian stream of Vestia river (Riparian Forest) and nine in the legal reserve. Soil samples were collected at two depths (0.0 to 0.20 and 0.20 to 0.40 m) for the chemical analysis and the assessment of silvicultural characters, such as height, diameter at breast height (DBH) and shape. The study of the natural distribution of tree species and edaphic condition in the different evaluated areas showed that: the soil chemical properties associated with the level of human disturbance and conservation of the areas are influencing the natural occurrence, species diversity and development of the trees. Height, DBH and shape are good indicators to assess the growth of the tree community and relate them to soil chemical properties; LDA and legal reserve presented higher natural occurrence, number of individuals and number of species. In the riparian forest, basal area values, height, shape and chemical soil properties were higher. From the 97 species found, six have the potential to be used in a program of genetic conservation in situ. They are: Astronium fraxinifolium, Terminalia argentea, Curatella americana, Cupania vernalis, Qualea jundiahy and Andira cuyabensis.

RELATIONSHIP AMONG EXTRACTIVES, LIGNIN AND HOLOCELLULOSE CONTENTS WITH PERFORMANCE INDEX OF SEVEN WOOD SPECIES USED FOR BOWS OF STRING INSTRUMENTS

In this paper we investigate the influence of extractives, lignin and holocellulose contents on performance index (PI) of seven woods used or tested for violin bows. Woods with higher values of this index (PI = root MOE/rho, where MOE is modulus of elasticity and rho is density) have a higher bending stiffness at a given mass, which can be related to bow wood quality. Extractive content was negatively correlated with PI in Caesalpinia echinata, Hanclroanthus sp. and Astronium lecointei. In C. echinata holocellulose was positively correlated with PI. These results need to be further explored with more samples and by testing additional wood properties. Although the chemical constituents could provide an indication of quality, it is not possible to establish appropriate woods for bows solely by examining their chemical constituents.

Principales maderas tropicales utilizadas en España: Características, tecnología y aplicaciones

Se describen las características de las principales maderas tropicales con uso en España. La descripción incluye el nombre científico, sinonimias, nombres vulgares, su distribución en el mundo y en España, la descripción del fuste y de las trozas, con sus defectos más característicos, la descripción de la madera, sus características físicas, mecánicas, resistentes y durables. También se incluye sus aspectos tecnológicos, en el sentido de indicar que aspectos deben considerarse a la hora de trabajar estas maderas. Por último se indican los usos más comunes de las distintas maderas, las ventajas e inconvenientes frente a otras maderas Las especies principales que se describen son las siguientes: Algarrobo blanco, Prosopis alba, Grisebach Andiroba, Carapa guianensis, Aubl. Balsamo, Myroxylon balsamun, Harms. Sandwith. Barba jolote, Pithecolobium arboreum (L), Urban. Bubinga, Guibourtia tessmanii Caoba, Swietenia macrophylla, King. Cedro, Cedrela odorata, L. Cenizaro, Pithecellobium saman, (Jacq.) Benth Chinchon, Guarea grandiflora, A. DC. Cocobolo, Dalbergia retusa, Hemsl Cristobal, Platysmicium polystachyum Elondo o tali, Erythrophleum ivorensis Espavé, Anacardium excelsum, Skeels Gonzalo Alves, Astronium graveolens, Jacquin. Guayabillo, Terminalia lucida, Hoff. Guapaque, Dialium guianense, (Aubl.) Sandwith. Guayacán, Guaiacum sanctum, L. Huesito Homalium racemosum, Jacq. Ipe, Tabebuia guayacan, Hemsl. Iroko, Milicia excelsa Sim Jatoba, Hymenaea courbaril L. Machiche, Lonchocarpus castilloi, Standley. Manil, Symphonia globulifera, L. Marupa, Simarouba glauca, DC. Melina, Gmelina arborea, Roxb. Mongoy, Guibourtia ehie J. Léonard Nance, Byrsonima crassifolia (L.), H.B.K. Nazareno, Peltogyne purpurea Nispero, Manilkara zapota, (L.) Van royen. Palo blanco, Cybitax donnell- smith , Seibert. Pino amarillo, Erblichia odorata Piojo, Tapirira guianensis, Aubl. Quaruba, Vochysia guatemalensis, Donnell Smith Quira, Platysmicium pinnatum. Redondo, Magnolia yoroconte, Dandy. Rosul, Dalbergia tucurensis, Donn-Smith. Sande, Brossimiun ssp San juan areno, Ilex ssp. Saqui-saqui, Bombacopsis quinatum, (Jacq.) Dugand Santa maría, Calophyllum brasílíense Camb. Sapelly, Entandrophragma cylindricum Sprague Tamboril, Enterolobium cyclocarpum, Gris Teca, Tectona grandis, L.F.. Ukola, Tieghemella africana Ururucana, Hieronyma alchorneoides, Allem

Variação genética para caracteres silviculturais em três espécies arbóreas da região do bolsão sul-mato-grossense.

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a variação genética e a seleção das melhores progênies de Myracrodruon urundeuva, Astronium fraxinifolium e Terminalia argentea, quanto aos caracteres de crescimento, em Selvíria, Mato Grosso do Sul. O teste de progênie foi instalado utilizando o delineamento de blocos ao acaso com 28 tratamentos, quatro repetições e dez plantas por parcela em linhas simples, no espaçamento 1,5 x 3,0 m. Aos 14 anos de idade, as progênies foram avaliadas quantos aos caracteres: altura (ALT); diâmetro a altura do peito (DAP); diâmetro médio da copa (DMC); forma do tronco (FT, escala de notas, variando de 1 a 5) e sobrevivência (SOB). Foram encontradas altas herdabilidades entre médias de progênies para os caracteres DAP (0,67), DMC (0,57) e forma do tronco (0,83), respectivamente. O ganho predito para DAP indica que a seleção baseada em informações, tanto de progênies, quanto de indivíduos dentro de progênies foram substanciais, o que denota uma boa perspectiva de exploração da variabilidade genética ao longo de um programa de melhoramento genético para as espécies estudadas, assim como o estabelecimento de estratégias para futura formação de um pomar de sementes.