Estudo cefalométrico-radiográfico individualizado do posicionamento da maxila em indivíduos com oclusão normal

O posicionamento da maxila no esqueleto craniofacial tem sido motivo de investigação por diversos autores ao longo do tempo. Traduzindo suas idéias por meio de medidas lineares ou angulares, tais autores definiram o que consideraram como a posição ideal , normal , ou aceitável da maxila, relacionando-a, na maioria das vezes, com a base do crânio. A partir da avaliação de indivíduos com oclusão considerada normal e com bom equilíbrio facial, eram calculados valores médios e desvios-padrão de determinadas medidas, os quais eram tomados como parâmetros para avaliações cefalométricas de pacientes distintos. Diante das divergências de opiniões encontradas na literatura, a proposta do presente estudo foi avaliar o posicionamento da maxila nos sentidos vertical, ântero-posterior e a sua inclinação, numa amostra de 94 indivíduos com oclusão normal. Foram determinadas correlações entre medidas do próprio indivíduo: OPI-N com OPI-ENA e N-ENA com ENA-ENP. A partir dos fortes índices de correlação encontrados, concluiu-se que a medida OPI-N pode ser tomada como referência para determinação de OPI-ENA, da mesma forma que ENA-ENP pode ser considerada para determinação de N-ENA, definindo respectivamente a posição da maxila nos sentidos sagital e vertical. A inclinação da maxila, representada aqui pelo ângulo OPI.ENA.ENP, teve valor médio estatisticamente próximo a 0o (zero), indicando forte tendência do prolongamento posterior do plano palatino (ENA-ENP) tangenciar a base posterior do crânio (ponto OPI), o que se revela uma importante característica de indivíduos com oclusão normal.

Estudo cefalométrico-radiográfico individualizado do posicionamento da maxila em indivíduos com oclusão normal

O posicionamento da maxila no esqueleto craniofacial tem sido motivo de investigação por diversos autores ao longo do tempo. Traduzindo suas idéias por meio de medidas lineares ou angulares, tais autores definiram o que consideraram como a posição ideal , normal , ou aceitável da maxila, relacionando-a, na maioria das vezes, com a base do crânio. A partir da avaliação de indivíduos com oclusão considerada normal e com bom equilíbrio facial, eram calculados valores médios e desvios-padrão de determinadas medidas, os quais eram tomados como parâmetros para avaliações cefalométricas de pacientes distintos. Diante das divergências de opiniões encontradas na literatura, a proposta do presente estudo foi avaliar o posicionamento da maxila nos sentidos vertical, ântero-posterior e a sua inclinação, numa amostra de 94 indivíduos com oclusão normal. Foram determinadas correlações entre medidas do próprio indivíduo: OPI-N com OPI-ENA e N-ENA com ENA-ENP. A partir dos fortes índices de correlação encontrados, concluiu-se que a medida OPI-N pode ser tomada como referência para determinação de OPI-ENA, da mesma forma que ENA-ENP pode ser considerada para determinação de N-ENA, definindo respectivamente a posição da maxila nos sentidos sagital e vertical. A inclinação da maxila, representada aqui pelo ângulo OPI.ENA.ENP, teve valor médio estatisticamente próximo a 0o (zero), indicando forte tendência do prolongamento posterior do plano palatino (ENA-ENP) tangenciar a base posterior do crânio (ponto OPI), o que se revela uma importante característica de indivíduos com oclusão normal.

Avaliação de medidas craniofaciais angulares e lineares em relação à quantidade de crescimento da face

A identificação dos padrões morfológicos da face é de extrema importância para a elaboração do diagnóstico ortodôntico e conseqüente plano de tratamento. Sendo assim, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar as relações entre as medidas lineares N-ENA, ENA-Pog e N-Pog, as medidas angulares N.OPI.ENA, ENA.OPI.Pog e N.OPI.Pog, e o índice VERT de acordo com a classificação proposta por RICKETTS. O material de estudo foi constituído de 700 telerradiografias, em norma lateral, de indivíduos brasileiros, leucodermas, de ambos os gêneros (318 do gênero masculino e 382 do gênero feminino), apresentando idade média de 16,66 anos. Das 700 telerradiografias foram constituídos quatro grupos de acordo com a oclusão. O primeiro grupo foi constituído de indivíduos com oclusão normal natural segundo ANDREWS, sendo observadas, clinicamente, quatro das seis chaves de oclusão. Os demais grupos se constituíram de indivíduos com más-oclusões de Classe I, II e III segundo ANGLE, sem relato de tratamento ortodôntico anterior. Após a análise estatística para a avaliação das medidas lineares N-ENA, ENA-Pog e N-Pog, e medidas angulares N.OPI.ENA, ENA.OPI.Pog e N.OPI.Pog, em relação ao índice VERT, evidenciou um aumento progressivo das medidas pesquisadas em relação aos seis padrões faciais determinados pelo índice VERT, mostrando um aumento destas medidas conforme se vai do padrão braquifacial severo para o padrão dolicofacial severo.

Estudo cefalométrico-radiográfico individualizado do posicionamento da maxila em indivíduos com oclusão normal

O posicionamento da maxila no esqueleto craniofacial tem sido motivo de investigação por diversos autores ao longo do tempo. Traduzindo suas idéias por meio de medidas lineares ou angulares, tais autores definiram o que consideraram como a posição ideal , normal , ou aceitável da maxila, relacionando-a, na maioria das vezes, com a base do crânio. A partir da avaliação de indivíduos com oclusão considerada normal e com bom equilíbrio facial, eram calculados valores médios e desvios-padrão de determinadas medidas, os quais eram tomados como parâmetros para avaliações cefalométricas de pacientes distintos. Diante das divergências de opiniões encontradas na literatura, a proposta do presente estudo foi avaliar o posicionamento da maxila nos sentidos vertical, ântero-posterior e a sua inclinação, numa amostra de 94 indivíduos com oclusão normal. Foram determinadas correlações entre medidas do próprio indivíduo: OPI-N com OPI-ENA e N-ENA com ENA-ENP. A partir dos fortes índices de correlação encontrados, concluiu-se que a medida OPI-N pode ser tomada como referência para determinação de OPI-ENA, da mesma forma que ENA-ENP pode ser considerada para determinação de N-ENA, definindo respectivamente a posição da maxila nos sentidos sagital e vertical. A inclinação da maxila, representada aqui pelo ângulo OPI.ENA.ENP, teve valor médio estatisticamente próximo a 0o (zero), indicando forte tendência do prolongamento posterior do plano palatino (ENA-ENP) tangenciar a base posterior do crânio (ponto OPI), o que se revela uma importante característica de indivíduos com oclusão normal.

Electric field gradients in (111)In-doped (Hf/Zr)(3)Al(2) and (Hf/Zr)(4)Al(3) mixed compounds: ab initio calculations, perturbed angular correlation measurements and site preference

The quadrupolar hyperfine interactions of in-diffused (111)In -> (111)Cd probes in polycrystalline isostructural Zr(4)Al(3) and Hf(4)Al(3) samples containing small admixtures of the phases (Zr/Hf)(3)Al(2) were investigated. A strong preference of (111)In solutes for the contaminant (Zr/Hf)(3)Al(2) minority phases was observed. Detailed calculations of the electric field gradient (EFG) at the Cd nucleus using the full-potential augmented plane wave + local orbital formalism allowed us to assign the observed EFG fractions to the various lattice sites in the (Zr/Hf)(3)Al(2) compounds and to understand the preferential site occupation of the minority phases by the (111)In atoms. The effects of the size of the supercell and relaxation around the oversized In and Cd probe atoms were investigated in detail.

Cosmological forecasts from photometric measurements of the angular correlation function

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Spin alignment measurements of the K*(0)(892) and phi(1020) vector mesons in heavy ion collisions at root S(NN)=200 GeV

We present the first spin alignment measurements for the K*(0)(892) and phi(1020) vector mesons produced at midrapidity with transverse momenta up to 5 GeV/c at root s(NN) = 200 GeV at RHIC. The diagonal spin-density matrix elements with respect to the reaction plane in Au+Au collisions are rho(00) = 0.32 +/- 0.04 (stat) +/- 0.09 (syst) for the K*(0) (0.8 < p(T) < 5.0 GeV/c) and rho(00) = 0.34 +/- 0.02 (stat) +/- 0.03 (syst) for the phi (0.4 < p(T) < 5.0 GeV/c) and are constant with transverse momentum and collision centrality. The data are consistent with the unpolarized expectation of 1/3 and thus no evidence is found for the transfer of the orbital angular momentum of the colliding system to the vector-meson spins. Spin alignments for K(*0) and phi in Au+Au collisions were also measured with respect to the particle's production plane. The phi result, rho(00) = 0.41 +/- 0.02 (stat) +/- 0.04 (syst), is consistent with that in p+p collisions, rho(00) = 0.39 +/- 0.03 (stat) +/- 0.06 (syst), also measured in this work. The measurements thus constrain the possible size of polarization phenomena in the production dynamics of vector mesons.

Contrast sensitivity to angular frequency stimuli is higher than that for sinewave gratings in the respective middle range

This study compares contrast thresholds for sinewave gratings, or spatial frequencies (1/CSF) with contrast thresholds for angular frequencies (1/aCSF) and for radial frequencies, or J0 targets (1/rCSF). Observers had to differentiate between one of these frequency stimuli and a stimulus at mean luminance within a forced-choice procedure. All measurements were made with the same equipment, methods and subjects. Our results show higher sensitivity to, or lower thresholds for, angular frequencies when compared to either sinewave gratings or J0 targets. Contrast values in arbitrary units, in the lower threshold range for angular frequencies, were about half those required to differentiate sinewave gratings from mean luminance in its most sensitive range

Comparison of angular frequency contrast sensitivity in young and older adults

The aim of the present study was to measure contrast sensitivity curves for angular frequencies in the range between 2 and 96 cycles/360º in older human adult volunteers and to compare these measurements with the more usual contrast sensitivity functions for sine-wave gratings. All subjects were free of identifiable ocular disease and had normal acuity. We measured the contrast thresholds for young adults (N = 6; age range, 20-26 years) and older adults (N = 6; age range, 60-67 years) using the psychophysical forced-choice method. In this paradigm the volunteers had to choose the stimulus containing a test frequency at low contrast (e.g., either a sine-wave grating or an angular frequency stimulus), or another neutral stimulus at mean luminance (without any contrast). Older adults presented a loss in contrast sensitivity at high and medium angular frequencies compared to the young adults (i.e., from 8 to 96 cycles/360º). Contrary to expectation, contrast sensitivity at low angular frequencies, i.e., 2 and 4 cycles/360º, was better for the older group than for the younger group. On the other hand, contrast sensitivity for sine-wave gratings at 3 and 4 cpd was higher for young adults as expected. These results suggest age-related changes in the contrast sensitivity function for angular frequencies.

Annealing inducedlowcoercivity,nanocrystallineCo–Fe–Si thin films exhibitinginversecosine angular variation

Co–Fe–Si based films exhibit high magnetic moments and are highly sought after for applications like soft under layer sinper pendicular recording mediatomagneto-electro-mechanical sensor applications.In this workt he effect of annealing on s tructural,morphologicaland magnetic propertiesofco–Fe–Si thin films wasinvestigated.compositional analysis using x-rayphotoelectron spectroscopy and secondary ion massspectroscopyrevealedanativeoxidesurfacelayerconsistingofoxidesofco,feandsionthe surface. The morphology of theas deposited films shows mound like structures conformingtothe Volmer–Webergrowthmodel.Nanocrystallisationofamorphous films upon annealing was observed by glancing anglex-raydiffraction and transmission electron microscopy.Theevolutionofmagnetic properties with annealing is explained using the Herzermodel.Vibrating sample magnetometry measurements carried out at various angles from01 to 901 to the applied magnetic field were employed to study the angula rvariation of coercivity.The angular variation fits the modified Kondorsky model. Interestingly,the coercivity evolution with annealing deduced frommagneto-opticalKerreffectstudies indicates areversetrendcomparedtomagetisationobservedinthebulk.Thiscanbeattributedtoa domain wallpinningatnativeoxidelayeronthesurfaceofthin films. Theevolutionofsurfacemagnetic properties iscorrelatedwithmorphologyevolutionprobedusingatomicforcemicroscopy.The morphology aswellasthepresenceofthenativeoxidelayerdictatesthesurfacemagneticproperties and this is corroborated by the apparent difference in the bulk and surface magnetic properties

Synergistic angular and spectral estimation of aerosol properties using CHRIS/PROBA-1 and simulated Sentinel-3~data

A method has been developed to estimate Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD), Fine Mode Fraction (FMF) and Single Scattering Albedo (SSA) over land surfaces using simulated Sentinel-3 data. The method uses inversion of a coupled surface/atmosphere radiative transfer model, and includes a general physical model of angular surface reflectance. An iterative process is used to determine the optimum value of the aerosol properties providing the best fit of the corrected reflectance values for a number of view angles and wavelengths with those provided by the physical model. A method of estimating AOD using only angular retrieval has previously been demonstrated on data from the ENVISAT and PROBA-1 satellite instruments, and is extended here to the synergistic spectral and angular sampling of Sentinel-3 and the additional aerosol properties. The method is tested using hyperspectral, multi-angle Compact High Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (CHRIS) images. The values obtained from these CHRIS observations are validated using ground based sun-photometer measurements. Results from 22 image sets using the synergistic retrieval and improved aerosol models show an RMSE of 0.06 in AOD, reduced to 0.03 over vegetated targets.

Synergistic angular and spectral estimation of aerosol properties using CHRIS/PROBA-1 and simulated Sentinel-3 data

We develop a method to derive aerosol properties over land surfaces using combined spectral and angular information, such as available from ESA Sentinel-3 mission, to be launched in 2015. A method of estimating aerosol optical depth (AOD) using only angular retrieval has previously been demonstrated on data from the ENVISAT and PROBA-1 satellite instruments, and is extended here to the synergistic spectral and angular sampling of Sentinel-3. The method aims to improve the estimation of AOD, and to explore the estimation of fine mode fraction (FMF) and single scattering albedo (SSA) over land surfaces by inversion of a coupled surface/atmosphere radiative transfer model. The surface model includes a general physical model of angular and spectral surface reflectance. An iterative process is used to determine the optimum value of the aerosol properties providing the best fit of the corrected reflectance values to the physical model. The method is tested using hyperspectral, multi-angle Compact High Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (CHRIS) images. The values obtained from these CHRIS observations are validated using ground-based sun photometer measurements. Results from 22 image sets using the synergistic retrieval and improved aerosol models show an RMSE of 0.06 in AOD, reduced to 0.03 over vegetated targets.

Improved information about the vertical location and extent of monolayer clouds from POLDER3 measurements in the oxygen A-band

This paper describes new advances in the exploitation of oxygen A-band measurements from POLDER3 sensor onboard PARASOL, satellite platform within the A-Train. These developments result from not only an account of the dependence of POLDER oxygen parameters to cloud optical thickness τ and to the scene's geometrical conditions but also, and more importantly, from the finer understanding of the sensitivity of these parameters to cloud vertical extent. This sensitivity is made possible thanks to the multidirectional character of POLDER measurements. In the case of monolayer clouds that represent most of cloudy conditions, new oxygen parameters are obtained and calibrated from POLDER3 data colocalized with the measurements of the two active sensors of the A-Train: CALIOP/CALIPSO and CPR/CloudSat. From a parameterization that is (μs, τ) dependent, with μs the cosine of the solar zenith angle, a cloud top oxygen pressure (CTOP) and a cloud middle oxygen pressure (CMOP) are obtained, which are estimates of actual cloud top and middle pressures (CTP and CMP). Performances of CTOP and CMOP are presented by class of clouds following the ISCCP classification. In 2008, the coefficient of the correlation between CMOP and CMP is 0.81 for cirrostratus, 0.79 for stratocumulus, 0.75 for deep convective clouds. The coefficient of the correlation between CTOP and CTP is 0.75, 0.73, and 0.79 for the same cloud types. The score obtained by CTOP, defined as the confidence in the retrieval for a particular range of inferred value and for a given error, is higher than the one of MODIS CTP estimate. Scores of CTOP are the highest for bin value of CTP superior in numbers. For liquid (ice) clouds and an error of 30 hPa (50 hPa), the score of CTOP reaches 50% (70%). From the difference between CTOP and CMOP, a first estimate of the cloud vertical extent h is possible. A second estimate of h comes from the correlation between the angular standard deviation of POLDER oxygen pressure σPO2 and the cloud vertical extent. This correlation is studied in detail in the case of liquid clouds. It is shown to be spatially and temporally robust, except for clouds above land during winter months. The analysis of the correlation's dependence on the scene's characteristics leads to a parameterization providing h from σPO2. For liquid water clouds above ocean in 2008, the mean difference between the actual cloud vertical extent and the one retrieved from σPO2 (from the pressure difference) is 5 m (−12 m). The standard deviation of the mean difference is close to 1000 m for the two methods. POLDER estimates of the cloud geometrical thickness obtain a global score of 50% confidence for a relative error of 20% (40%) of the estimate for ice (liquid) clouds over ocean. These results need to be validated outside of the CALIPSO/CloudSat track.