Cortical thickness decreases with age in very preterm born school-children but not in term born controls

Background: Cortical gray matter thinning occurs during childhood due to pruning of inefficient synaptic connections and an increase in myelination. Preterms show alterations in brain structure, with prolonged maturation of the frontal lobes, smaller cortical volumes and reduced white matter volume. These findings give rise to the question if there is a differential influence of age on cortical thinning in preterms compared to controls. Aims: To investigate the relationship between age and cortical thickness in preterms when compared to controls. Study design and outcome measures: The automated surface reconstruction software FreeSurfer was applied to obtain measurements of cortical thickness based on T1-weighted MRI images. Subjects: Forty-one preterms (< 32 weeks gestational age and/or < 1500 gram birth weight) and 30 controls were included in the study (7-12 years). Results: Cortical thickness was lower in bilateral frontal and left parietal regions and higher in left temporal gyri in preterms compared to controls. However, these differences depended on age. In preterms, age correlated negatively with cortical thickness in right frontal, parietal and inferior temporal regions. Accordingly, cortical thickness was higher in young compared to old preterms in bilateral frontal, parietal and temporal regions. In controls, age was not associated with cortical thickness. Conclusion: In preterms, cortical thinning still seems to occur between the age of 7 and 12 years, mainly in frontal and parietal areas whereas in controls, a substantial part of cortical thinning appears to be completed before they reach the age of 7 years. These data indicate slower cortical thinning in preterms than in controls.

How Cantonal Education Systems in Switzerland Promote Gender-Typical School-to-Work Transitions

The paper asks how cantonal education systems in Switzerland promote gender-typed school-to-work transitions and gender segregation at work. Data from the Swiss TREE youth panel study is used to analyse the impact of cantonal provision of vocational education and training (VET) on gender-typical educational trajectories. The findings show that education systems with higher VET rates have higher allocations of men in gender-(male-) typical occupational careers. The paper concludes that the pronounced and persistent gender segregation on the Swiss labor market is partly due to a prominent VET system, which urges early gender-typed occupational career decisions.

Alexandrian Christianity; selected translations of Clement and Origen with introductions and notes by John Ernest Leonard Oulton and Henry Chadwick.

Bibliographical footnotes.

Institutes of the Christian religion /

The first edition of this translation was published in 1813.

A practical directory for young Christian females: being a series of letters from a brother to a younger sister.

Mode of access: Internet.

The life of Jesus, and how we are to live : thirty lessons for the daily vacation Bible school /

Mode of access: Internet.

The Chautauqua normal guide. A series of lessons for the use of Sabbath-school normal and training classes.

Mode of access: Internet.

Supplementary papers of the American School of Classical Studies in Rome. v. 1-2 ...

Papers of the school were ordinarily published in the American Journal of Archaeology, 2d. ser.; supplementary volumes wre authorized when material for publication either exceeded the space available in the journal, or when it was of such a nature as to make a different mode of publication advisable. (cf. v. 1, Prefatory note) The present volumes form the only collection of papers issued separately by the school in Rome. (Lists of the papers published in other journals, 1898-1907, may be found in the Supplementary papers, v. 1-2, Prefatory note) From 1909-12, the reports, etc., of the school were published in the Bulletin of the Archaeological Institute of America. On January 1, 1913, the American School of Classical Studies in Rome became a part of the American Academy in Rome.

The Sabbath school teacher: designed to aid in elevating and perfecting the Sabbath school system.

Mode of access: Internet.

A practical directory for young Christian females : being a series of letters from a brother to a younger sister /

Mode of access: Internet.

Sunday evenings, or, An easy introduction to reading of the Bible : designed for Sunday reading and Sunday-school libraries /

Mode of access: Internet.

Ephraim Holding's homely hints. Chiefly addressed to Sunday-school teachers.

Mode of access: Internet.

An ecclesiastical dictionary : containing definitions of terms, and explanations and illustrations of subjects pertaining to the history, ritual, discipline, worship, ceremonies, and usages of the Christian Church : with brief notices of ancient and modern sects, and biographical sketches of the early fathers and writers of the church /

Includes index.

The pupil, the teacher and the school /

"References for supplementary reading" at end of each chapter.

The School of Calvary.

Published later under title : Sharing His sufferings.